Interconnecting the IoT IEEE World Forum on IoT Limerick, Ireland - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Interconnecting the IoT IEEE World Forum on IoT Limerick, Ireland - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Interconnecting the IoT IEEE World Forum on IoT Limerick, Ireland Cenk Gndoan cenk.guendogan@haw-hamburg.de On Behalf of the RIOT Community April 17, 2019 The Internet 10 billion devices by 2020, 22 billion devices by 2025 The Internet

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Interconnecting the IoT

IEEE World Forum on IoT Limerick, Ireland Cenk Gündoğan

cenk.guendogan@haw-hamburg.de

On Behalf of the RIOT Community

April 17, 2019

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The Internet 10 billion devices by 2020, 22 billion devices by 2025

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The Internet 10 billion devices by 2020, 22 billion devices by 2025 Foster a transparent, robust, secure IoT: Software big bang & reusable components

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The Internet 10 billion devices by 2020, 22 billion devices by 2025 Milliwatt instead of Watt Megahertz instead of Gigahertz Kilobytes instead of Gigabytes

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The Internet 10 billion devices by 2020, 22 billion devices by 2025

If you can’t run Linux ...

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The Internet 10 billion devices by 2020, 22 billion devices by 2025

...run

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RIOT—The Friendly Operating System for the IoT

◮ Free, open source operating system for the IoT ◮ Small memory footprint (≈ 1.5 kB RAM, ≈ 5 kB ROM) ◮ Hardware abstraction ◮ Full featured, expendable network stacks

Design Principles

◮ Adaptive: High modularity and easy tailoring ◮ Robust: Module-level error handling ◮ Energy efficient: Tickless scheduler ◮ Instinctive: Preemptive multi-threading & powerful IPC ◮ Real-time capable: Deterministic O(1) scheduling ◮ Reactive: Low latency interrupt handling

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Supported Platforms

◮ Vendor independent support: TI, NXP, STM, Nordic, Ateml, Silicon Labs, ESP ◮ Runs on various 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit platforms ◮ 8-bit: AVR8 ◮ 16-bit: MSP430 ◮ 32-bit: MIPS, PIC32, ARM7, x86, Cortex-M, RISC-V, ESP ◮ Over 130 boards supported

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Supported Connectivity Technologies

◮ Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

◮ IEEE 802.15.4(e) ◮ Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ◮ Near Field Communication (NFC)

◮ Local Area Networks (LANs)

◮ Ethernet ◮ Wi-Fi ◮ CAN Bus

◮ Cellular Technologies (ongoing)

◮ 2G, 3G, 4G ◮ NB-IoT & LTE-M

◮ Long-range Technologies

◮ LoRa ◮ SigFox

LE

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History of RIOT

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 FeuerWhere Project FireKernel Branding of RIOT RIOT Community Summits

2013.08 2014.01 2014.05 2014.12 2015.09 2015.12 2016.04 2016.07 2016.10 2017.01 2017.04 2017.07 2017.10 2018.01 2018.04 2018.07 2018.10 2019.01 2019.04 2019.07 2019.10

RIOT Releases

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Open Source Community

◮ RIOT core distributed with non-viral copyleft license (LGPLv2.1) ◮ Source code and community maintenance on GitHub ◮ Maintainer team of ≈ 30 people, larger number of contributors ◮ 210 contributors worldwide from academia, industry, hobbyist background ◮ More than 1200 forks & over 20000 commits in code base ◮ ≈ 170 new pull requests per month ◮ Self-organizing community with rough consensus decision-making (c.f. IETF) ◮ Bazaar1 model: development and discussions in public

1The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, Eric S. Raymond 13 / 37

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Github Statistics—Contributions Activity

◮ Increased contributions activity since 2013 ◮ Fast-paced progression for 6 years without interruptions

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Github Statistics—Views & Unique Visitors

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Easy Development & Code Portability

◮ Compliant to widely used POSIX features, such as pthread and sockets ◮ Standard development & debugging tools, such as gcc, clang, gdb, valgrind ◮ Fast feedback & rapid iteration: deploy RIOT as a Linux process ◮ Recommended programming language: ANSI-C ◮ Support for C++, Arduino Sketches, partial support for scripting languages

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struct sockaddr_in6 dst = { .sin6_family = AF_INET6 };

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uint16_t port = 8888;

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int s;

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...

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s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);

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sendto(s, data, data_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst))

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...

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Hardware & Software Abstraction

Application Application Application System Libraries External Packages Network Stack Kernel Drivers Device & Peripheral Drivers CPU Implementation Board Implementation Hardware Hardware Hardware

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Hardware & Software Abstraction

Application Application Application System Libraries External Packages Network Stack Kernel Drivers Device & Peripheral Drivers CPU Implementation Board Implementation Hardware Hardware Hardware

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Hardware & Software Abstraction

Application Application Application System Libraries External Packages Network Stack Kernel Drivers Device & Peripheral Drivers CPU Implementation Board Implementation Hardware Hardware Hardware

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IoT Network Stack

◮ Open-access protocols ◮ Support for IETF network stacks

◮ GNRC for IPv6/6LoWPAN (default) ◮ lwIP for IPv4 & IPv6/6LoWPAN ◮ emb6 for 6LoWPAN ◮ OpenWSN for 6LoWPAN & 802.15.4e

◮ Support for non-IETF network stacks

◮ OpenThread for Thread ◮ LoRaWAN for LoRa deployments ◮ CCN-lite & NDN-lite for Information-centric Networking

IEEE 802.15.4, BLE, LoRa,... 6LoWPAN

Dispatch Fragment Compress

IPv6

RPL ND

UDP CoAP MQTT-SN

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Loosely Coupled Network Stack Architecture

Application / Library Hardware Driver Driver Driver Network Stack

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Loosely Coupled Network Stack Architecture

Application / Library Hardware Driver Driver Driver Network Stack sock sock_ip sock_udp sock_tcp

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Loosely Coupled Network Stack Architecture

Application / Library Hardware Driver Driver Driver Network Stack sock sock_ip sock_udp sock_tcp netdev

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Loosely Coupled Network Stack Architecture

Application / Library Hardware Driver Driver Driver sock sock_ip sock_udp sock_tcp netdev GNRC (Default IPv6/6LoWPAN Stack)

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Loosely Coupled Network Stack Architecture

Application / Library Hardware Driver Driver Driver sock sock_ip sock_udp sock_tcp netdev

gnrc_udp gnrc_tcp gnrc_ip gnrc_6lo

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Loosely Coupled Network Stack Architecture

Application / Library Hardware Driver Driver Driver sock sock_ip sock_udp sock_tcp netdev

gnrc_udp gnrc_tcp gnrc_ip gnrc_6lo

IPC IPC IPC

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Goodput Comparison for RIOT vs Linux in a IEEE 802.15.4 Network

200 400 600 800 1000 1200

UDP Payload [Bytes]

50 100 150 200

Goodput [kBit/s] Theoretical Bound RIOT TX w/o CSMA, ACK RIOT TX Raspberry Pi TX

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Multi-Interface & IoT Gateway Setups

Internet

Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 LoRa

◮ Allows multiple interfaces simultaneously ◮ Supports gateway functionalities 6LoWPAN Gateway IPv6

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Multi-Interface & IoT Gateway Setups

Internet

Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 LoRa

◮ Allows multiple interfaces simultaneously ◮ Supports gateway functionalities 6LoWPAN Gateway IPv6

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Open Source Impact

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Open Source Impact

Wireshark: Contribution of P2P-RPL dissector

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Open Source Impact

Linux: Interop. testing, contribute discussions and fixes

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Open Source Impact

OpenOCD: Threading support for RIOT in GDB

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Open Source Impact

IETF: Participation in discussions Authoring of IoT related documents

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Current Hot Topics of Interest

◮ Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing infrastructure

◮ Automated network tests, including interoperability & regression

◮ LoRa PHY & MAC layer integration ◮ NB-IoT & LTE-M transceiver integration ◮ IoT semantic & hypermedia interop. (T2TRG/IETF) ◮ Exploration of secure firmware update mechanisms for the IoT (SUIT/IETF)

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We Care About our Community

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Thank You!

↸ www.riot-os.org riot@riot-os.org @RIOT_OS riot-os@freenode