Akintayo Akinyoade 12/01/2017 Survey Roadmap Internet of Things - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Akintayo Akinyoade

12/01/2017

INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) – A SURVEY

Internet of Things (IoT)?

• Tech. Enablers for IoT

IoT Applications Open Research Issues Survey Roadmap

IoT-one paradigm, many vision

Network Oriented Vision Things Oriented Vision Semantic Oriented Vision ITU Vision - “From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity to anything”

Internet of Things (IoT)

Ref: Informationsecuritybuzz.com

Internet of Things (Cont’d)

Originates from the pervasive presence of variety of things or objects –such as RFID tags, sensors ,mobile phones , which through unique addressing are able to interact with each other to reach common goals. Semantically- It’s a world-wide network

• f interconnected objects that are

uniquely addressable based on a standard communication protocol.

IoT Referenced Framework

TCP/IP Layers IoT Layers

Source: Chapter 2 The Internet in IoT—OSI, TCP/IP, IPv4, IPv6 and Internet Routing

Communication Protocols CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol LWM2M- Lightweight Machine 2 Machine UPnP – Universal Plug and Play MQTT–Message Queue Telemetry Transport HTTP/REST –Representational State Transfer Websockets

Technology Enablers for IoT

• Identification & Sensing

A) Radio Frequency Identification Systems (RFID)

• Frequency band LF (124-135KHz) to UHF (860-960MHz)
• Monitors object in real-time without them being in line-of-sight
• System comprises of Reader & Tags
• RFID Tags = Microchip + Antenna (Used for transmitting tag ID and receiving the reader signal)

Passive tags

• Harvest energy from query signal generated by nearby reader

System is characterized with low gain. Use Readers with highly directive antennas to improve gain. Active tags

• Contains onboard power supply (i.e. batteries). Wider radio coverage but expensive

RFID systems, when augmented with sensor network could help bridge the physical & digital world IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the physical and MAC layer for low power WPAN

Comparison between RFID systems, wireless sensor networks & RFID sensor networks B) Middleware & Communication

• Follows Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Abstracts device functionalities and communication capabilities to provide a common set of

services and environment for service composition

IoT Applications

• 1. Standards needs to be integrated into a comprehensive framework

Open Research Issues

• 2. Addressing and Networking Issues
• Limited IPV4 address (32 bits)
• IPV6 address to be adopted (128 bits)- large enough to identify any object worth identifying
• Concatenate RFID tag identifier with network prefix segment of IPV6

IPV6 address = Gateway ID (64 bits) + Interface ID (64 bits) (Network prefix part) (RFID tag identifier) Pros: Effective for 64 bits Tags Cons: ineffective for 96 long bits Agents = Network element capable of mapping RFID identifier regardless of lengths into 64 bits field

• Encapsulating RFID message

and header into IPV6 packet payload

• 2. Addressing and Networking Issues (cont’d)
• Need for Object Name Service (ONS) like Domain Name Service (DNS)

ONS should be capable of resolving described objects to associated RFID tag identifier and vice versa

• New reliable transport layer protocol other than TCP is needed:
• Three way handshake wastes limited communication and energy resources
• TCP congestion control is useless since amount of data exchanged in a session is small
• Buffer management is costly considering the resulting energy consumption.
• Little knowledge about Quality of Service (QoS)
• Traffic transversed is unknown since deployment is new
• Requires traffic characterization and modelling

• 3. Security and Privacy

IoT deployment provides security risk because:

• Components spend most times unattended to. Hence, easy to modify data stored at the nodes
• Communication is wireless, making eavesdropping extremely simple
• Cannot support complex security scheme such as authentication and data integrity due to low

energy and computing resources

• Proxy attack or man-in-the-middle attack (see figure below)

Research issues at a glance

References

• 1. The Internet of Things: A Survey, Luigi Atzori, Antonio Iera, Giacomo Morabito, 2010
• 2. M. Presser, A. Gluhak, The Internet of Things: Connecting the Real World with the Digital World, EURESCOM

mess@ge – The Magazine for Telecom Insiders, vol. 2, 2009, <http://www.eurescom.eu/>

• 3. https://www.informationsecuritybuzz.com
• 4. https://www.accesseventsolutions.com/rfid-systems

THANK YOU!!!