Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet Prashant Kumar Singh Dept. of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet

Prashant Kumar Singh

• Dept. of CSE

IIT Bombay psingh@cse.iitb.ac.in

October 2013

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Contents

1

Introduction and Motivation

2

Learning and Interactivity

3

Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4

Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5

Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

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Current Section

1

Introduction and Motivation

2

Learning and Interactivity

3

Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4

Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5

Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

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Introduction

Era of Science and Technology

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Introduction

Era of Science and Technology Technology and education

Smart classrooms e-learning Digital books Course Management Systems (Moodle) Online Courses (Coursera and NPTEL)

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Introduction

Era of Science and Technology Technology and education

Smart classrooms e-learning Digital books Course Management Systems (Moodle) Online Courses (Coursera and NPTEL)

Learning by e-books: Possible shortcomings

more chances of distraction No interactive demonstrations Verbal symbols do not leave a concrete experience

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Motivation

To overcome the mentioned limitations of e-books

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Motivation

To overcome the mentioned limitations of e-books Interactive e-books

enables reader to communicate with e-books embedded interactive multimedia, so interesting to read learning at your own pace learning not just by watching better learning environment

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Current Section

1

Introduction and Motivation

2

Learning and Interactivity

3

Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4

Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5

Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

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Learning

Learning

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Learning

Learning Learning Hypothesis

Passive Learning Hypothesis: Content same, Learning same Active Learning Hypothesis: Way of teaching

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Learning

Learning Learning Hypothesis

Passive Learning Hypothesis: Content same, Learning same Active Learning Hypothesis: Way of teaching

Cone of Experience Forgetting Curve

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Cone of Experience

Figure: Cone of experience

Cone of Experience Edgar Dale: ’Audio visual methods in teaching 1946’ Studied various audio-visual media Describes concreteness of audio-visual media Lower layer and upper layer Three regions Symbolic region: Knowledge that comes by listening or seeing Iconic region: Knowledge by motion pictures like television Enactive region: Knowledge that comes through action

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Forgetting Curve

Figure: Forgetting Curve

Hermann Ebbinghaus, a German psychologist explains how fast the process of forgetting takes place relation between memory and time exponential loss in information (Red Curve) effect of revision (Green Lines)

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Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans and Gibbons

Aim

To investigate the impact of interactivity on students

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Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans and Gibbons

Aim

To investigate the impact of interactivity on students

Environment

Year: 2007 No of students 33 (22 male and 11 female) Undergraduate students at a university in London background in physics Topic Taught: Working of a Bicycle Pump

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Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans and Gibbons

Aim

To investigate the impact of interactivity on students

Environment

Year: 2007 No of students 33 (22 male and 11 female) Undergraduate students at a university in London background in physics Topic Taught: Working of a Bicycle Pump

Method

Two sub groups, random selection, I and NI Group two quizzes to solve Memory Test(2 question): How Bicycle pump works Transfer Test(3 question) What could be done to make pump more effective, to make it move air more rapidly One hour duration

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Non Interactive Group

Figure: Demonstration for Non Interactive Group

17 students Screen contained diagram of a pump with a little description of six up stages and six down stages

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Interactive Group

Figure: Demonstration for Interactive Group

16 students Screen displays a diagram of a pump with a next button When presses repeatedly, screen shows various stages

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Observations

1 Marks

Transfer Test Mean I Group 2.5 (out of 6) NI Group 1.8 (out of 6)

2 Time taken

Mean Test time I Group 785.5 seconds NI Group 1160.8 seconds

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Observations...

Figure: Time spent on learning and time spent on test

Graph shows interactive group took more time for lesson, but took less time for Test as compared to non interactive group

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Similar Work

Saswan Nusir et al. also performed a similar experiment. Aim : Effect of effect of Multimedia programs on children learning Grade-1 children were selected Two groups, Traditional Group: 122 students, Multimedia group: 123 students Simple mathematics concept was taught(Fraction) Test was organized to check the effect. Mean Scores: Traditional: 8.05 while Multimedia Group: 8.47 Cartoon characters were used to teach

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Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

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Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 16 / 31

Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 16 / 31

Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 16 / 31

Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 16 / 31

Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds 5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animation

and Text)

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Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds 5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animation

and Text)

6 Redundancy Principle: (Animation + Narration) if text is used, it is

redundant

Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 16 / 31

Animations in Learning

Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle

1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds 5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animation

and Text)

6 Redundancy Principle: (Animation + Narration) if text is used, it is

redundant

7 Personalization Principle: Conversational style instead of formal style Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 2013 16 / 31

Current Section

1

Introduction and Motivation

2

Learning and Interactivity

3

Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4

Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5

Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

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Interactivity in e-books

Technology and e-books Lack of interactive features chalk and talk method Features of interactive e-books

Support for audio and video content Support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) Support for in-book quizzing Support for reflowability of content Better educational environment Interesting to read

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Spoken Tutorials

Video lectures with audio narration of slides Audio can be dubbed in any Language Small size videos Benefits of Spoken tutorial

People with poor English will be able to learn Narration in Indian accent makes it easy to understand Learning at a speed that suits you better

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ePub

ePub

• pen standard e-book format

Free and Open Supports interactive features file extension .epub

Version of ePub

Version 2.0.1

Reflowability of content.

Version 3

Current version Year 2011 Support for audio and video Support for MathML Support for CSS3 Support for HTML5 Support for SVG

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Structure of ePub

Zip archive One file with two directories(OEPBS and META-INF)

Figure: Directory Structure of ePub

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Structure of ePub...

mimetype: identifies a file over internet META-INF Directory

contains container.xml container.xml contains path of content.opf

OEPBS Directory

Contains all data files content.opf content.opf contains all meta-data, address and mimetype of all data files

• rder of coverpage and chapters in final books

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Current Section

1

Introduction and Motivation

2

Learning and Interactivity

3

Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4

Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5

Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

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Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

Use of HTML5 CSS and JavaScript. JavaScript can be used to create quizzes

Figure: A book having embedded video

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Interactivity in ePub: Created Book...

With the help of JavaScript, we can create in-book quizzes.

Figure: A book having quiz

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Authoring tools for e-books

iBooks Author

Organization : Apple Year : 2012 License : Proprietary Anyone having a Mac can create interactive e-books with help of iBooks Author

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Authoring tools for e-books

iBooks Author

Organization : Apple Year : 2012 License : Proprietary Anyone having a Mac can create interactive e-books with help of iBooks Author

Pubbsoft

• nline tool for creating animated books for i-pad and i-Phone

free to use Interface based on drag and drop No programming required, designed for non technical users

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Authoring tools for e-books

iBooks Author

Organization : Apple Year : 2012 License : Proprietary Anyone having a Mac can create interactive e-books with help of iBooks Author

Pubbsoft

• nline tool for creating animated books for i-pad and i-Phone

free to use Interface based on drag and drop No programming required, designed for non technical users

Sigil

Open-source Allows WYSIWYG editing for ePub ebook

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Current Section

1

Introduction and Motivation

2

Learning and Interactivity

3

Bringing Interactivity to e-books

4

Interactivity in ePub: Created Book

5

Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

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Problem Statement and Solution Strategy

Problem Statement

Searching other possible ways of making books interactive Creating a tool to automate the process of creating interactive e-books

Solution Strategy

HTML5 and JavaScript will be explored An automation tool will be created, that takes text and interactive media as input and produces an interactive e-book

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Conclusion

Interactivity in e-books: recent concept in education can be a revolutionary idea ePub has the capability of bringing interactivity ePub: still in development phase

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References

• C. Evans and N. J. Gibbons, The interactivity effect in multimedia

learning, Computers & Education, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1147 1160, 2007.

• R. Mayer and R. Moreno, Animation as an aid to multimedia learning,

Educational Psychology Review, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 8799, 2002.

• M. A.-K. SAWSAN NUSIR, IZZAT ALSMADI and F. SHARADGAH,

Studying the impact of using multimedia interactive programs on childrens ability to learn basic math skills, E-Learning and Digital Media,, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 305319, 2013. Wikipedia, Epub wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013. http:// en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EPUB&oldid=570516078

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Thank You

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