Innovative Transit Technologies Study Tampa Bay Area Regional - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Innovative Transit Technologies Study Tampa Bay Area Regional - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 29, 2023 188 likes •553 views

Innovative Transit Technologies Study Tampa Bay Area Regional Transit Authority Study Scope Three specific technologies Cable Propelled Transit Air Taxis Hyperloop Air Taxis and Cable Propelled Transit within the TBARTA

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SLIDE 1

Innovative Transit Technologies Study

Tampa Bay Area Regional Transit Authority

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SLIDE 2

Study Scope

  • Three specific technologies
  • Cable Propelled Transit
  • Air Taxis
  • Hyperloop
  • Air Taxis and Cable Propelled Transit

within the TBARTA region

  • Hyperloop connections within the

TBARTA region and throughout Florida

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SLIDE 3

Task Overview and Schedule

50+ Studies, Reports, and Academic Papers (Great Lakes Hyperloop Study, Flight Plan 2030, and Uber Elevate) Review of Manufacturer & Agency Website Materials and Technology Data 100+ News articles collected to track and report recent activities

Technology Research

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SLIDE 4

Task Overview and Schedule

Industry Expert Interviews

Technology manufacturers/developers (Virgin Hyperloop One, HyperloopTT, Doppelmayr, Leitner-Poma, Lilium, Uber ,etc.) Planning agencies & industry experts (Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission, NASA) Operating Agencies (Roosevelt Tram & Portland Aerial Tram)

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SLIDE 5

Cable Propelled Transit

Roosevelt Island Tram Source: http://leitner-poma.com//

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SLIDE 6

Cable Propelled Transit (CPT)

  • CPT encompasses a number of technologies, but is

basically a simple concept of transport with cable propelled cabins (aerial gondolas)

  • The concept has been around since the 1600s
  • Technology advances make this an urban transit option

Gdańsk Ropeway 1640's

MGD Emirates Air Line, London Source: https://www.doppelmayr.com/

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SLIDE 7

Cable Propelled Transit

  • Historically the technology has been used in:
  • Alpine Topography
  • Ski Areas
  • Tourism & Scenic Vistas

Saas Fee Switzerland Source: https://www.doppelmayr.com/ Hakone Ropeway Source: https://www.hakoneropeway.co.jp/

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SLIDE 8

Common Benefits and Concerns

Benefits

  • Geographic Barriers
  • Limited Required ROW
  • Low Capital & Operating Cost
  • All Electric
  • Travel Above Congested

Corridors

  • Speed
  • Safety
  • Accessibility

Concerns

  • Weather
  • Privacy
  • Evacuation
  • System Flexibility &

Expansion

  • Perceptions/Politicization
  • Viewshed
  • Maximum Speed

Portland Aerial Tram Source: http://leitner-poma.com//

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SLIDE 9

Technology Components

  • Cabins are attached to cable via a

grip (1-3 cables)

  • Towers support the cables between

stations

Source: http://leitner-poma.com//

Fixed Grip

Source: https://www.doppelmayr.com/

Detachable Grip

Portland Aerial Tram Tower Source: http://leitner-poma.com//

Portland Aerial Tram Tower One cable is always used for propulsion 2nd and 3rd ropes can be added for additional stability & weight

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SLIDE 10

CPT Infrastructure

  • Requires minimum of two stations.
  • Drive Station houses major system components including

electric motor for propulsion of the cable

  • Return Station is where the cable circulates around the

bullwheel in order to return to the Drive Station

  • Depending on system type there can also be Angle Stations

and Intermediate Stations

Emirates Air Line Gondola Station London, UK Source: Shutterstock

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SLIDE 11

CPT Amenities

  • Lighting
  • WI-FI
  • Air Conditioning
  • Glass Floors
  • Accessible Cabins
  • Privacy (Smart Glass)
  • Cabin Recovery Systems
  • Electrical Grounding Systems
  • Real Time Passenger Information Screens
  • Camera and Intercom Systems

Koblenz Cable Car Interior Source: https://www.seilbahn-koblenz.de/

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SLIDE 12

Generalized Characteristics

Monocable Gondola Bicable Gondola Tricable Gondola Aerial Tram

Maximum Speed (mph) 14 16 17 28 Maximum Capacity (pphpd) Up to 4,000 Up to 4,000 Above 6,000 Up to 2,000 Maximum Wind Speed Operation (mph) Up to 45 Up to 45 62+ 50+ Capital Cost (Compared to

  • ther CPTs)

Low Low-Medium High Medium High Grip Type Detachable Detachable Detachable Fixed

Aerial Tram Source: https://www.biketownpdx.com/ Tricable Source: https://www. Koblenz-toursim.com/ Bicable Source: https://www.leitner-ropeways.com/ Monocable Source: https://www.cbs58.com/
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SLIDE 13

Gondola Operations and Discussions

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SLIDE 14

Air Taxis and Urban Air Mobility (UAM)

Photo Source: EmbraerX eVTOL concept

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SLIDE 15

Old Concept, New Technology

“Prediction 1957: Flying Fan Vehicle”

  • Popular Mechanics

“Prediction 1965: Vertical Takeoff and Landing Planes”

  • Popular Mechanics

UBER Elevate: Aerial Ridesharing eVTOL BLADE Helicopter VTOL

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SLIDE 16

Urban Air Mobility and Air Taxis

  • Emerging market becoming

possible due to developing capabilities:

  • Electric Vertical Takeoff and

Landing Technology (eVTOL)

  • Lower noise profile
  • Reduced emissions
  • Longer lasting batteries
  • Mobility as a Service/Mobility
  • n Demand

Photo Source: Lilium Jet

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SLIDE 17

Urban Air Mobility Technology

  • 100-170 new electric

aircrafts under development

  • Vertical takeoff and

landing (VTOL) vehicles:

  • Multirotor
  • Lift + Cruise
  • Vectored Thrust

Photo Source: Briceno, Simon (author). Georgia Institute of Technology, 2019

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SLIDE 18

Multirotor

  • Circulator actuator for

steady hovering

  • No wings (not ideal for

cruising)

  • Examples: (both in

certification phase)

  • E-Hang 184
  • Volocopter 2X

Cruise Speeds: 50-80 mph Typical Range: 10-25 miles 1-4 passengers

Volocopter, Source: “Pioneering the Urban Air Taxi Revolution 1.0” Volocopter, Source: “Pioneering the Urban Air Taxi Revolution 1.0”

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SLIDE 19

Lift and Cruise

  • Different propulsion

systems used for hovering vs cruising

  • Examples:
  • Kitty Hawk Cora (now

Wisk)

  • Aurora Flight Sciences

Jaunt Air Mobility, Rosa. Source: https://www.jauntairmobility.com/

Aurora Flight Sciences, Source: https://www.aurora.aero/pav-evtol-passenger-air-vehicle/

Wisk Cora, Source: https://wisk.aero/about/

Cruise Speeds: 110-180 mph Typical Range: 50-60 miles 1-4 passengers

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SLIDE 20
  • Fixed or tilt wing with
  • ne propulsion system

for both hovering and cruising

  • Examples:
  • Lilium
  • Joby S2
  • Bell Nexus

Lilium https://lilium.com/the-jet Bell Nexus: https://www.bellflight.com/products/bell-nexus

Cruise Speeds: 110-180 mph Typical Range: 50-60 miles 1-4 passengers

Vectored Thrust

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SLIDE 21

Urban Area Mobility Markets

  • NASA commissioned two, contractor led

market studies that resulted in prioritized market areas

Last-Mile Delivery Air Metro Air Taxi

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SLIDE 22

Urban Area Mobility Markets

  • Last-Mile Delivery
  • Up to 10-mile trips
  • Small package deliveries (up

to 5 pounds)

  • Infrastructure:
  • Distribution hubs
  • Receiving vessels
  • Charging and docking

stations

  • Urban traffic management

(UTM)

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/uam-market-study-executive-summary-v2.pdf

Competing Technology: Autonomous/Human Driver Delivery Service, Couriers, and Droids

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SLIDE 23

Urban Area Mobility Markets

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/uam-market-study-executive-summary-v2.pdf

  • Air Metro
  • 10-70 miles per trip
  • Pre-determined/scheduled

routes

  • Defined stops
  • Vehicles hold 2-5 passengers,

average 3 passenger ride

  • Infrastructure Requirements:
  • Vertiports throughout downtowns

(100-300 per MSA) in high traffic areas

  • Charging and service station
  • Urban Area Mobility Traffic

Management (UTM)

Competing Technology: Subway, Bus, Bike, Rideshare, Driverless Cars

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SLIDE 24

Urban Area Mobility Markets

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/uam-market-study-executive-summary-v2.pdf

  • Air Taxi
  • 10-70 miles per trip
  • On-demand, point to point air

ridesharing platform

  • eVTOL technology for strategic

takeoff/ landing

  • Vehicles hold 2-5 passengers,

average 1 passenger rides

  • Greater investment

needed in vertiports/ vertistops

  • High investment costs may limit

service to major metropolitan areas

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/uam-market-study-executive-summary-v2.pdf

Competing Technology: Human Driven Cars, Driverless Cars, Commuter Rail, Subway, Bus

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SLIDE 25

Infrastructure

  • Vertiports, Vertistops and

Vertipads

  • Service Centers
  • Refueling/Electric Charging
  • Docking stations
  • Air Traffic Management

Urban Elevate Vertiport Concept, “Fast-Forward to a Future of On-Demand Air Transportation”, October 27, 2016

  • Operating certification
  • Costs: corporate and energy
  • Insurance
  • Digital Services
  • Fleet Size/Vehicle Life
  • Fare Collection/ Payment

System

Operations

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SLIDE 26

Implementation Status

  • U.S. DOT has acknowledged UAM and the need to

define requirements for operations

  • Air Traffic Management Systems
  • Infrastructure
  • Trajectory Based Operations
  • Public trust and acceptance – safety, security, noise and

privacy

  • FAA Executive Director of FAA UAS Integration Office

indicated there are “at least six aircraft well along in their type certification”, citing various challenges that must be overcome.

  • For example, elevators don’t typically travel to the rooftop
  • f buildings (currently considered potential landing pads).
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SLIDE 27

Hyperloop

Virgin Hyperloop One DevLoop Test Track

Photo Source: https://hyperloop-one.com/blog/first-look-devloop-worlds-only-full-scale-hyperloop-test-track

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SLIDE 28
  • 17th Century pneumatic vacuum

technology

  • Robert Goddard, American

Rocketry Pioneer

  • Hyperloop Alpha, Elon Musk

2015 reinvigorated concept

  • Identified concept, potential

costs, and benefits

Hyperloop

Source: Hyperloop Alpha, Elon Musk Concept Sketches

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SLIDE 29

Hyperloop Technology

  • High-speed transport for

passengers and freight

  • Grade-separated vacuum

tube system

  • Underground, at-grade or

elevated

  • Autonomous Service
  • Capsules for passengers/

freight

  • Approximately 30 meters
  • Anticipated speeds estimated

around 760 mph

  • Testing has reached 265 mph

Photo Source: Hyperloop TT

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SLIDE 30
  • Linear electric motor

propels capsules forward

  • Levitation
  • Air-bearing suspension –

Uses compressed air to levitate capsules within tube

  • Passive magnetic levitation –

Levitates capsule off guideway to reduce or eliminate friction

Photo Source: Virgin Hyperloop One Photo Source: Virgin Hyperloop One

Hyperloop Propulsion

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SLIDE 31

Hyperloop Infrastructure

Corridor/Right-of-Way (ROW)

  • Existing state or federal ROW
  • Narrow width of vacuum tube

requires less ROW

Corridor Profiles

  • Requires very straight alignment
  • Speed constrains vertical and

horizontal curves

Designing for resiliency and emergencies

  • Single pods can be removed
  • Emergency exit ports

Photo Source: HyperloopTT

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SLIDE 32

Hyperloop Service

  • Target market: intercity
  • Business and commuter trips
  • Shares market with regional air travel and high speed rail
  • Some feasibility studies indicate value of connecting

cities that are 200-500 miles apart – which is less profitable for aviation

  • Approximately 28+ passengers per capsule
  • 2-3 minute headways per capsule
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SLIDE 33

Hyperloop Status

  • Technology still in

development

  • Hyperloop Developers
  • Virgin Hyperloop One
  • Hyperloop TT
  • Transpod
  • Implementation limited to

Test Tracks

  • DevLoop in Nevada, Virgin

Hyperloop One

  • Toulouse, France, Hyperloop TT
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SLIDE 34

Hyperloop Status

Feasibility studies, case studies, challenges and discussions occurring around the U.S. and globally

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SLIDE 35

Hyperloop Status

  • Studies ongoing around the

world

  • Mumbai to Pune
  • Maharashta
  • Dubai to Abu Dhabi, United

Arab Emirates (study/test facility/project)

  • Helsinki to Stockholm: Case

Study

  • Toulouse France: Test Facility
  • Various agreements with

governments to evaluate hyperloop

Photo Source: Virgin Hyperloop One

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SLIDE 36

Next Steps

  • Literature and Technology Research
  • Industry Expert Interviews
  • Regulatory and Governance Review
  • Corridor Connections/Market Areas Analysis
  • Final Report