Incarceration rates are elevated Lousiana 1341 Texas 1063 US 716 Connecticut 561 Massachusetts 377 United Kingdom 2.5 x MA 148 2.5 x MA Spain 147 3 x MA Canada 118 5 x MA Germany 79 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Incarceration rate per 100,000 people in 2010 Source: Prison Policy Initiative
Communities of color are disparately impacted African-American in MA 1502 6x white Lousiana 1341 Texas 1063 Latino in MA 928 4x white US 716 Connecticut 561 Massachusetts 377 United Kingdom 148 Spain 147 Canada 118 Germany 79 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Incarceration rate per 100,000 people in 2010 Source: Prison Policy Initiative
Repeat offending is a major public safety concern FY 2013 No Prior Commitments to Incarcerations State and County 4,761 Prisons 33% Prior Incarcerations 9,589 67% Source: MassINC’s analysis of Massachusetts Sentencing Commission Data
A comprehensive solution is required Pretrial & Diversion Sentencing & Conditions of Confinement Reentry
Sentencing practices limit parole eligibility and incentive to earn parole Share of Sentences by difference between 70% minimum & maximum, 1 day difference More than 1 day but less than 20 percent FY02 - FY13 60% 19% 19% 21% 19% 20% 18% 19% 17% 50% 18% 19% 21% 20% 40% 30% 47% 44% 43% 43% 43% 42% 42% 41% 41% 20% 40% 39% 39% 10% 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: MassINC’s analysis of Massachusetts Sentencing Commission Data
Release to parole supervision remains near historic low 80% Share of State Prison Inmates Released to 60% Parole, 1980-2014 40% 20% 0% 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 Source: MassINC’s analysis of Massachusetts Sentencing Commission Data
Massachusetts allocates supervision resources inefficiently 50% High-Risk to Recidivate 40% Low-Risk to Recidivate 40% 37% 33% 30% 25% Share of State Prison Releases by Risk 20% Level and Supervision Status, 2014 10% 0% No Supervision Parole Supervision Source: Massachusetts Department of Correction
Other states are improving supervision 100% Share of Offenders with 86% Before Supervised Release, 80% After Before and After Reform Legislation 60% 55% 52% 52% 50% 50% 43% 38% 37% 40% 20% 0% 0% North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma South Carolina Kentucky Source: MassINC review of agency reports
Statewide reentry initiatives have successfully reduced recidivism Minnesota Comprehensive Offender Reentry Plan (2008) • Reentry planning and casework • Reduced parole caseloads • Increased community-based employment • Higher employment, lower homelessness, more program participation • Re-arrest, re-conviction, and re-incarceration down 25% Michigan Prisoner Reentry Initiative (2005) • Reentry planning and casework • Increased programming and treatment • Pre-release transfer to facility closest to community • Release to parole supervision • Return to prison fell 38 percent between 2005 & 2011
Only a handful of states are reinvesting in reentry • Established Best Practices fund with $2.4 million in supervision fees and $4.3 million general appropriation • Improved supervision, increased access to treatment, transitional housing Arkansas • $8 million reinvestment of projected savings in 2014 • Improved supervision, increased funding for transitional housing, invested in training for parole officers South Dakota
States are replicating our pay-for- success funding model • Recidivism Reduction Fund in 2013 • $5 million RFP for pay-for-success recidivism contracts California • $13.5 million pay-for-success recidivism contract • Serving 2,000 ex-offenders through the Center for Employment Opportunities New York • Passed pay-for-success legislation in 2014 • Issued RFP for reentry programs last August Oklahoma
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