IN-SEASON PISTACHIO NUTRITION MANAGEMENT BEN THOMAS Ben Thomas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
IN-SEASON PISTACHIO NUTRITION MANAGEMENT BEN THOMAS Ben Thomas Consulting SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES Macronutrients and micronutrients How do plants take up nutrients? Active roots. Roots need water and air to function. Water
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– Active roots. Roots need water and air to function. – Water is needed for nutrient uptake from soil – Nutrient mobility in soil – Foliar nutrient sprays
– Nutrient storage – Deficiency symptoms – Application method
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– Applying the Right rate of the Right product at the Right time in the Right place.
– Vigour and leaf colour – Deficiency or toxicity symptoms
– Indicates the amount of nutrient available to a plant in the soil
– Measures the actual nutrient status of a tree at a particular point in time
– Predicting nutrient requirements based on crop estimates
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– Vigour and nitrogen nutrition – Apical dominance and pistachio shoot development – Deficiency or toxicity symptoms
– Indicates the amount of nutrient available to a plant in the soil
– Measures the actual nutrient status of a tree at a particular point in time
– Predicting nutrient requirements based on crop estimates
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http://cekern.ucanr.edu/newsletters/May_200935209.pdf
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2 year old wood 1 year old wood – neoformed growth Terminal compound bud Terminal compound bud Flower buds Vegetative buds 1 year old wood – preformed growth
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nutrient content of pistachio fruit and nutrient recovery
and kernel)
vigour being achieved
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– Applying the Right rate of the Right product at the Right time in the Right place.
should be used
– EDDHA-chelated iron in calcareous soils
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– Late dormant boron foliar nutrient sprays – Zinc and copper foliar nutrient sprays – Nutrient uptake patterns
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Adapted from Rosecrance et al. 1996 Tree Physiology 16, 949-956
– Targeted application to roots – Nutrients rapidly available
– Targeted and timing specific application
– Does not require irrigation – Aiming to boost soil reserves – Requires rain to wash into soil
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based on target yields and nutrient uptake patterns
season and adjust fertiliser budgets accordingly
sprays at appropriate times
sodicity and salinity
status of the trees
actual yields, review the fertiliser program with retrospective nutrient budgets
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nitrogen and phosphorus.
– Photosynthesis – Protein synthesis – Ionic balance
– Forms – Movement
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– Potassium dissolved in soil water – Readily available to plants
– Potassium loosely held on surface of clay particles and organic matter – Available to plants. Moves into solution as solution potassium is used.
– Trapped in soil clay layers – Slowly available to plants
– Component of soil minerals. Slowly released as soil minerals are weathered over many years. – Unavailable to plants
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Price, 2006
potassium needs to be at the surface of roots.
– Root interception
– Mass flow
– Diffusion
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– Uptake of potassium from soil solution exceeds replenishment. So deficiency may occur even if there are ‘good’ reserves of exchangeable potassium in soil. – Applying potassium fertiliser at specific times (i.e. nut fill) aims to ensure there are good supplies of potassium in soil solution when required.
– Potassium chloride – often cheap but avoid if possible due to chloride concerns. – Potassium nitrate – more expensive but provides some nitrogen – Potassium sulfate – less soluble than other forms – Potassium carbonate – less common but starting to be used due to high potassium content and cost – Potassium thiosulfate – uncommon.
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