DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPIES TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS AND - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPIES TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS AND - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 28, 2023 15 likes •166 views

DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPIES TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE Bernadette Saunders University of Technology Sydney science.uts.edu.au RESEARCH FOCUS Macrophage (White Blood Cell) Function Response to

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DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPIES TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

Bernadette Saunders University of Technology Sydney

science.uts.edu.au

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RESEARCH FOCUS

  • Macrophage (White Blood Cell) Function
  • Response to bacteria like tuberculosis (TB)
  • Role in regulating host response to disease
  • Inflammation and Disease progression
  • Biomarkers of Tuberculosis Infection
  • Testing new blood based markers as a means to diagnose active TB

disease and predict response to treatment

  • Testing New Drugs against TB infection
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MACROPHAGE FUNCTION

science.uts.edu.au

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MACROPHAGE FUNCTION

science.uts.edu.au

Macrophages- White blood Cells that eat pathogens like TB Our Group studies how these cells Kill TB and regulate inflammation Expertise in growing and analysing human and murine macrophages, Testing new molecules to see if these increase the killing function of macrophages

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DEVELOPING NEW BIOMARKERS OF TUBERCULOSIS

science.uts.edu.au

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TB- BIOMARKERS

‘Biomarkers are characteristic biological features that can be objectively

measured and indicate either normal or diseased processes in the body’. What makes a good biomarker Easy to measure Stable Accurate, reliable Indicative of disease, or disease status Predictive of outcome Options blood, saliva, sputum, urine.

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TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE

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TUBERCULOSIS: NOW AND THEN

In 1850’s it is estimated that 1 in 4 deaths in Europe were due to TB. Today there is a vaccine against TB We have antibiotics that can cure TB We also have 2 billion individuals globally who are infected with TB 9 million new cases of active TB in 2014 and 1.5 million deaths

Australia TB cases in 2013: 1267, Multi-Drug Resistant TB 22

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TB CHALLENGES

We Need A Better VACCINE- We Need New ANTIBIOTICS to treat and cure TB We Need New DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

  • To predict those at high risk of reactivation
  • To predict treatment outcomes
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BIOMARKER STUDY

Sample Collection

  • Collecting 5mls blood from 100 TB patients at 4 time points
  • At diagnosis, 1 , 2 and 6 months (completion of

standard treatment) 100 matched healthy controls Questionnaire and Chest X-ray at time 0 and 6 mths, smear and bacterial culture for TB bacteria

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Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China (red) Infectious Disease Hospital ~3000 new TB patients/year

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MIRNA EXPRESSION IS MODULATED DURING TB INFECTION

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TESTING NEW DRUGS AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS

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NEED FOR NEW ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS

No new drugs listed for the treatment of primary drug-sensitive tuberculosis in over 50 year Current therapy is 4 antibiotics given for 6 months Problems with compliance are a major issue- has led to increased drug resistance We are working with colleagues in Australia and India to test potential anti- tuberculosis drugs Level 3 biohazard containment facilities Human studies and mouse models of infection Macrophage function expertise

science.uts.edu.au

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SAUNDERS RESEARCH TEAM CONTACTS:

Dr Bernadette Saunders Bernadette.saunders@uts.edu.au Dr Nilesh Bokil Nilesh.Bokil@UTS.edu.au

science.uts.edu.au