In Introduction to Horticulture Liz Woodward Mo Price San Diego - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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In Introduction to Horticulture Liz Woodward Mo Price San Diego - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 22, 2023 141 likes •764 views

In Introduction to Horticulture Liz Woodward Mo Price San Diego County Master Gardeners Class of 2010 Horticulture Defined hortus (garden) + colere (to cultivate) Culture of Gardens vs. Fields of Crops Fruits, Vegetables,

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In Introduction to Horticulture

Liz Woodward Mo Price

San Diego County Master Gardeners Class of 2010

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Horticulture Defined

  • hortus (garden) + colere (to cultivate)
  • Culture of Gardens vs. Fields of Crops
  • Fruits, Vegetables, Ornamentals, Herbs, Specialty Crops
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SLIDE 3

Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 Charles Darwin 1809-1882

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5 Kingdoms of Living Organisms

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What is a Plant?

  • Member of the kingdom Plantae
  • Living, immobile, no conscious
  • Rigid cell walls made of cellulose
  • Can regenerate lost tissues and organs
  • Carry out photosynthesis
  • They are able to make their own food (autotrophs)
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SLIDE 6

Monocots Dicots Angiosperms

The Evolution of Plants

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SLIDE 7
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Bot Botanic Nom

  • menclature

Purpose, Pronunciation & Format

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SLIDE 9

Why use Botanic Names?

  • Botanic names use the same

language worldwide: Latin

  • Botanic names do not have

multiple meanings

  • Many botanic names have

specific meaning

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SLIDE 10

What’s in a Latin name?

alba – white alpestris - alpine bellus – beautiful broccolo – flowering top caerule – dark blue candicans – hairy or wooly cereus - waxy coccineu – scarlet cordata – heart shaped crassu – fleshy, thick dulcis – sweet edulis – edible ferox – very thorny flavens – yellowish glaber – smooth; without hairs heli – sun imbricata – overlapping,like scales ingens – enormous

  • besus – fat

phylla – leaves (pertaining to) repens – crawling, creeping ericeus - silky serpens – creeping, snakelike vulgaris - common

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SLIDE 11
  • Po

Poison Oa Oak

  • Si

Silky Oa Oak

  • Sh

She Oa Oak

They are NOT oaks.

What do these 3 plants have in common?

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SLIDE 12
  • Ca

California Pe Pepper

  • Fa

False Pe Pepper

  • Pe

Peppercorn Tr Tree

They are all the same plant & native to Peru.

What do these 3 plants have in common?

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SLIDE 13

Pronunciation Facts

  • Horticulturists don’t always agree
  • n pronunciation
  • Individual botanists rarely are

completely consistent in pronunciation

  • People tend to pronounce names

the way they first learned them regardless of any subsequently encountered info

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Can you say:

Chrysanthemum

? (kris-AN-the-mum)

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Botanic Name Pronunciation

How do you say: Tomato? Basil? Protea? Alyogyne huegelii? Try this web site: davesgarden.com

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DOMAIN PHYLUM KINGDOM CLASS FAMILY ORDER GENUS SPECIES

Hierarchy of Biological Classification

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Genus species ‘hybrid’ Var, x

  • 1,064,400 species
  • species is lowercase & in italics
  • 17,000 Genera
  • Genus is Capitalized & in Italics

Family

  • 640 Families
  • Suffix of: aceae
  • Countless hybrids,

sub-species, variations, trade names, etc.

Format

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Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree Persea americana Avocado tree Laurus nobilis Bay Laurel tree

Plant Family: Lauraceae

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Family: Lamiaceae

(lay-mee-AY-see-ee)

  • Mint Family
  • Flavorful herbs
  • Many with square stems

Lavandula

  • Lavender

(Genus) (lav-AN-dew-lah)

stoechas

  • Spanish lavender

(species) (STOW-kass)

‘Otto Quast’

  • Name of person who

discovered this hybrid

(‘Hybrid’)

Lavandula stoechas ‘Otto Quast’’

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Common Abbreviations

Lavandula stoechas, Lavandula canariensis, Lavandula dentata

  • r….. Lavandula stoechas, L. canariensis, L. dentata

Lavandula sp. – Used when referring to one unknown species

  • f Lavandula

Lavandula ssp. – Used when referring to many unknown species

  • f Lavandula
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An Another He Helpful Web Si Site Tropicos.org

Search for Botanic Names… all Genera within a Family, all Species within a Genus, etc.

A Web Site of Missouri Botanical Garden

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PLANT STRUCTURE

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MERISTEMS

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Apical Meristems

  • Primary growth
  • Occurs in roots and shoots
  • Increase in length

Lateral Meristems

  • Secondary growth
  • Occur in cambium & similar tissue
  • Common in trees (wood and bark)
  • Increase in girth (width)

Primary vs. Secondary Growth

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ROOTS

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Function of Roots

  • Take up water and nutrients
  • Store excess food
  • Anchor the plant
  • Synthesize essential compounds
  • Reproductive organ
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SLIDE 27

Root Anatomy

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Ty Types of Roots

Taproot –absorbs water deep in the ground (root vegetables, trees) Fibrous roots stay close to the top of the soil (bedding plants, tomato) Adventitious roots help anchor plant or help plant climb (strawberries, ivy, some grasses)

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STEMS

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Structure of a Seed Plant

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Zylem tissue conducts water & dissolved mineral nutrients from the roots upward.

Plant Vascular Tissue

Phloem tissue conducts photo- synthetically produced food & other compounds from the leaves to other plant parts – up & down.

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vascular bundle

phloem xylem epidermis

Monocot

Plant Vascular Tissue – Monocot Cross Section

Lily’s, grasses, palms, etc.

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Plant Vascular Tissue – Dicot Cross Section

Woody

hardwood or pith xylem phloem cambium

Herbaceous

xylem phloem

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Corm Stolon or Runner

Stem Modifications: Vegetative Spread

Bulb Rhizome Tuber

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Stem or Leaf?

Opuntia sp. Acacia aphylla

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LEAVES

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Stipule Stipule

Parts of a Leaf

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Leaf Arrangements

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Leaf Key

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Photosynthesis

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Respiration

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Transpiration

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FLOWERS

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Fl Flower Forms

Lantana Inflorescence

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Wh Why Do Plants Have Flowers?

Platycerium sp. Staghorn fern Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 'Black Stathe‘ Elephant foot yam

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Pistil (Female) Ovary Stigma Style Ovules Anther Filament Stamen (Male)

Pedicle (or Pedicel) Petal Sepal Receptacle

A Perfect flower has the Pistil & Stamen on the same flower.

Pe Perfect Flower

Pollen

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Female - Pistillate Male - Staminate

An Imperfect flower has a Pistil or Stamen, but not on the same flower.

Im Imperfect Flower

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STIGMA STAMEN

Se Sex and the Zucchini

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4 4 Common Situations

Flower Type: Perfect Plant Type: Bisexual/ Hermaphroditic Flower Type: Imperfect Plant Type: Monoecious Flower Type: Imperfect Plant Type: Dioecious Male Plant: Staminate Flower Type: Imperfect Plant Type: Dioecious Female Plant: Pistillate

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SLIDE 50

Fl Flowers s & Th Their Fruit

Macadamia sp. Solanum lycopersicum Tomato Kigelia africana Sausage Tree Musa sp. Banana Pisum sativum Garden Pea

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SEEDS

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Anatomy of a Seed

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Types of Seeds

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Seed Dispersal

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Classification of Plants

  • Growth Habit – annuals, perennials, biennials
  • Structure or Form – woody, herbaceous, vine, shrub, tree
  • Leaf Retention – evergreen, deciduous
  • Climatic Adaptation – tropical, subtropical, temperate
  • Use – ornamental, edible, native
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Wh What’s That Bl Bloomin’ ’ Thing?

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Pu Purpose

  • Learn to identify co

common plants in S. S.D. County

  • Incr

crease your knowledge of Plant Fa Families

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Pr Procedure

  • Yo

You will be given a presentation sc schedule

  • Be

Be prepared at least one week ahead to allo allow tim ime for ad addit itio ional al presentat atio ions

  • Yo

You can swap your plant/date with an another train ainee’s plan lant/dat ate

Ha Have Fun & Keep it Simple!

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SLIDE 59

Pr Procedure

  • Or

Oral presentation will be four mi minutes ma maximu mum. m.

  • Re

Report only the d distinguishing, significant, unusual, an and fas ascin inat atin ing as aspects of your plan lant.

  • Provide a written 1-2 page report to be uploaded

to the Training Website.

Ha Have Fun & Keep it Simple!

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Pr Procedure

  • Yo

You can do the following:

  • Br

Bring plant samples

  • Do

Do a PowerPoint

  • Dr

Draw your flower

Ha Have Fun & Keep it Simple!

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SLIDE 61
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“W “What’s Th That Bl Bloomin’ Thing?” ?” Th The End