Horticulture supply chain workshop Presented by Mark Mitchell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Horticulture supply chain workshop

Presented by Mark Mitchell Brisbane 5th September 2019

Introduction

This presentation will provide an overview of the current state of food cold chain in Australia, and an introduction to some of the guiding principles and requirements necessary for its improvement. The content and conclusions are presented from the results of the work we are doing at my own SuperCool, and from the policies and objectives currently Under focus by the Australian Food Cold Chain Council (AFCCC).

Introduction

Compliance to worlds best practices is now on the Australian agenda due to the global food loss and wastage (FLW) crisis and its triple bottom line. Commercial, consumer, logistics and contractual arrangements should no longer ignore food safety and the opportunity for FLW reduction. New technology and systems are always at the forefront of the refrigeration industry and the cold chain, however proper implementation of existing first level technology is required.

When food is stored and transported at its correct temperature, losses are reduced and shelf life is honored

The process - simplified

Cold chain type – end to end

Multiple ownership of temperature makes temperature abuse more common, and avoidance of responsibility easier

Cold chain type – closed loop

Single ownership of temperature, clear responsibility

Cold chain transport and storage is a chain of events separated into Control Points (CP) and Critical Control Points (CCP)

The process - simplified

A compliant cold chain proves its product temperature between all stakeholders

The process - simplified

Compliant temperatures require collaboration between key stakeholders

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CONTAINER & VEHICLE BODY BUILDER PROCESS

The process - simplified

Storage at DC Load IMC Road Journey rail point IMC transfer to rail wagon Rail journey IMC transfer road Road journey Unload IMC Storage at DC

Long haul example Road and rail cold chain

Storage at DC Load IMC Road Journey IMC transfer to rail Rail journey IMC transfer to road Road journey Unload IMC Storage at DC

Monitoring and data points

Storage Load IMC

Temperature, packaging and packing Time temperature to IMC at dock Time temperature, stacking in IMC at dock Time temperature at journey start Time temperature

• n loading

dock Time temperature to loading dock

The critical control points are CRITICAL

Unload IMC Storage

Temperature at journey end Time temperatur e in IMC at dock Time temperature unloading to dock Time temperature

• n loading

dock Time temperatur e to storage Temperatur e in storage

The critical control points are CRITICAL

When things go wrong Responsibility is unclear

Boxes touch the wall Entire pallet touches the wall Different problems, same result

Boxes touch the wall Entire pallet touches the wall Pallets are too close

When things go wrong Responsibility is unclear

Equipment is important

HACCP compliant process in place Record of journey and events Alerts issued when exception occurs Monitored temperatures Monitored door openings Locked and secure Correct temperature Refrigerated to ISO standards

• When a temperature rule is broken during a journey or upon arrival at a destination, the

common practice in a non-compliant cold chain is to finger point to someone else to take responsibility, or to not disclose the rule has been broken.

• Any activity with shared responsibility between stakeholders, by nature attracts the typical

‘its not me’ mentality.

• Therefore stakeholders must commit to implementing cold chain decision making based
• n facts and data.
• A prime example of this is when airflow causing lack of refrigerating effect on a product is

deemed to be the cause of an event.

When things go wrong Finger pointing starts

Example finger point | Airflow

Product arrives out of temperature Product temp at departure

• Ok. DC not

responsible Product temperature during journey not available Air temp in fridge Ok. Transporter not responsible Transporter blames loading point temp QC blame refrigeration system, insufficient capacity QC at destination determine issue is at rear of IMC Arrival point blames loading point after review of fridge temp Transporter shows fridge system service certificate, all Ok QC engage refrigeration manufacturer who confirms airflow Photos show stock moved and high in places Loading point blames transporter Transporter says not responsible for stock moving Loading point blames transporter for stock moving Packaging company not responsible, blames refrigeration Product

• wner

considers blame on all parties Finger pointing continues…

Example finger point | Airflow The facts

• Good flow produces heat

convection

• It is crucial for maintaining

product temperature in transport

• Moving air is forced

convection

• Still air is free convection

• Sufficient forced air convection
• ccurs in IMC and trailer

applications velocities > 0.5 m/s

• Inadequate forced air and free

air convection can occur at the rear of an IMC/Trailer, or at velocities of 0.0 to 0.1 m/s

Example finger point | Airflow The facts

• Packaging, packing, stacking and wrapping play

a role in product temperature compliance

• They are four different things
• Either can block airflow sufficiently to negate

convection and introduce conduction

• Can eliminate the efficiency of good refrigeration

Example finger point | Airflow The facts

The reality of responsibility in this typical example is the opposite to current behaviour and thinking. Loading point - is a primary responsible party due to;

• Inability to prove product temperature from the loading dock to the IMC
• Pallets stacked too high blocking airflow to rear of IMC
• Lack of co-operation with transporter to validate fit for purpose packing and wrapping for the journey
• Insufficient load restraints installed for journey (plywood not good enough)

Transporter - is a primary responsible party due to;

• Inability to prove product temperature from the loading dock to the IMC
• Pallets stacked too high blocking airflow to rear of IMC
• Lack of co-operation with loading point to validate fit for purpose packing and wrapping for the journey
• Inability to prove product temperature during journey, and absence of adequate air temperature monitoring
• No thermal certification of equipment
• Insufficient load restraints installed prior to journey (plywood not good enough)

Refrigeration system installer - is a secondary responsible party due to;

• Lack of advice regarding use of air ducts and secondary evaporators at the point of installation to make the IMC more fit for purpose.

IMC manufacturer - is a secondary responsible party due to;

• Making incorrect fit for purpose claims
• Providing no ISO/ATP/AHRI/ASNZ thermal certifications for the IMC

Example finger point | Airflow The facts

Capacity - is the unit or system large enough or sufficient in achieving heat removal to meet the heat load requirement Performance – is the unit working properly according to the manufacturers specifications without faults or modifications Efficiency – is the unit in combination with

• ther equipment in the application

sufficient to achieve the correct temperature result.

Equipment CPE factor

Euroscan hardware

Product temperature monitoring must be continuous….. end point only not good enough. Automatic systems are best

Journey temperature mapping is second best to probing. Must be continuous and automatic.

Smart product probe technology is here

Cold Chain View – main page

Customer

Cold Chain View – main page

Customer

Cold Chain View – data report

The pudding is in the proof

ColdFoodCode will provide guidance to different sectors of cold chain industry and stakeholders

The planet currently produces food for 10 billion people. The world population is seven billion, yet the food gets to only six billion people.

COST OF FOOD

LOSS AND WASTE

$2.6 TRILLION

In both hunger and climate impact, food loss and waste is the world’s third largest country

If food waste was a country

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

In the APEC Nations 74% of food is lost during production and consumption

The top four commodity by stage

This presentation will focus on the FSC prior to the consumption stage to

• bserve the food losses condition of

production and marketing systems.

• In the top four food losses commodity group, the

loss percentage prior to consumption stage is respectively as 36.16% (production), 16.45% (handling & storage), 29.20% (processing & packaging) and 28.37% (distribution)

• In the Fruits and Vegetables group, the loss

percentage is higher in the stage of production and process & packaging

• In the Fish & Seafood and Meat group, the loss

percentage is higher in the stage of distribution

Just 1.3% of the water on the planet is fresh water that can be accessed, and 70% of that is used for agriculture

The connection between food waste, climate change and hunger is missing

Food waste has a devastating impact on the environment. The water used to grow just the food we discard is greater than the water used by any single nation in the world. The embodied carbon dioxide CO2 emissions in food waste alone represent 3.3 billion metric tons. That’s all the energy that goes to produce the food we never eat – the fuel, the electricity, processing, packaging, transport…..

20.4

LITRES OF

WATER

Single head

• f broccoli

Hunger and under-nutrition reduce the global GDP by up to 3 per cent,

• r some $2 trillion annually

A report prepared by the International Food Policy Research Institute shows that for every dollar that any government around the globe invests in nutrition to reduce hunger and stunting, it sees an average return of 16 times, and in some countries much higher. If food loss and waste can be reduced and the leaking of nutritious calories out of the food supply chain can be stopped, the entire economies of countries around the world can be raised.

Bank of America Merrill Lynch study

Refrigeration is the key

It is a lot cheaper and efficient to devote resources to maintaining the condition, quality and wholesomeness of product that is already harvested, rather than try to compensate for post harvest losses by producing more and more.

Is there an environmental benefit in developing cold chains in emerging economies?

A study was conducted to establish the consequence of developing cold chains in emerging economies relationship between and specifically the balanced between:

Reduction of food losses, and associated carbon footprint Additional emissions from increased energy use, refrigerants and greater transport distances

Refrigeration is the key

Decrease of FLW carbon footprint from cold chain expansion

• utbalances

additional emissions by a factor of 10. FLW and cold chains Current carbon footprint and effect of the development of cold chains

Transport refrigeration alone could avoid a quarter of food waste in developing countries

Nothing keeps perishable products safe, maintains their physical and nutritional qualities and prolongs their shelf life like cold air. Drive fresh fish or fresh green vegetables to market in an open truck in the hot sun and they can be ruined before they get there. This makes the modern cold chain an indispensable tool of global trade and increasingly a field of high technology – marine container refrigeration, truck and trailer refrigeration, warehouse and food retail refrigeration and home refrigerators.

More than 50% of the food categories wasted are the food types that can be extended by the cold chain.

The challenge in this room

We can and must expand best practice refrigeration in world. We can and must improve the efficiency of the food cold chain This is an imperative to feeding people properly in both developed and developing nations. We must do it urgently with the lowest impact on our global environment.

Thanks for listening