Implications for Management of Aquatic Invasive Species Using - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Implications for Management of Aquatic Invasive Species Using - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Dye Movement in the Tahoe Keys: Implications for Management of Aquatic Invasive Species Using Integrated Methods Lars Anderson (USDA-ARS Retired) Acknowledgements: Tom McNabb and Tom Moorhouse (Clean Lakes) Ben Bradford & Vanessa Guzman

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SLIDE 1

Dye Movement in the Tahoe Keys: Implications for Management of Aquatic Invasive Species Using Integrated Methods

Lars Anderson (USDA-ARS Retired) Acknowledgements: Tom McNabb and Tom Moorhouse (Clean Lakes) Ben Bradford & Vanessa Guzman (USDA- ARS), Tahoe Keys Property Owners Association, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, Tahoe Resource Conservation District

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SLIDE 2

Topics:

  • Aquatic Plant Management Context at Tahoe
  • Need to expand the current management tool kit
  • Rhodamine WT as herbicide “surrogate” approach
  • Results and Implications
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SLIDE 3

“Wicked Environmental Problems”

Managing Uncertainty and Conflict*

  • “...a high degree of scientific uncertainty

and a profound lack of agreement on values, combined with the absence of a perfect solution…”

  • Solution: “Learning Networks”
  • Consilience in Beliefs>Actions>Solutions

(L. Anderson…2012)

*Peter J. Balint, Ronald E. Stewart, Anand Desai, Lawrence C Walters 2011, Island Press. 253 p.

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SLIDE 4

1880 1900 1940 1920 1960 1995 1980 2008 2003 2007 2006 2011 1970

brown, rainbow, brook, lake trout Establishment of lake trout

crayfish kokanee Mysis

Lake Tahoe Exotic Aquatic Species Introduction (Detection) Timeline

bass spp.

Asian clam

extirpation of cutthroat trout & Daphnia spp.

R E S P O N S E S

USDA-ARS:Whole Lake Plant Surveys

ARS-TRCD

  • Org. AIS

Workshop

AIS Working Group AIS Coordinating Committee; TRPA &

USFWS Coordinators

AIS Plan Approved 2009, TRPA and USFWS appoint AIS coordinator

Tahoe Keys Project Started Eurasian watermilfoil Curlyleaf pondweed

?

1st Zebra mussel Interdiction on boat- prevented from launching After Sudeep Chandra (Univ.Nev-Reno); modified and updated by Lars Anderson (USDA-ARS-Davis, CA)

?

Asian clam Removal begun

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SLIDE 5

Adaptive Integrated AIS Management

Maximize efficacy through an optimal

choice and timing of control methods

Minimize adverse impacts Coordinate actions to facilitate

management of all AIS taxa

 Document and assess impacts of

management actions

Adjust future management actions

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SLIDE 6

West Basin Entrance East Basin Entrance

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SLIDE 7

Non-native and nuisance plants in the Tahoe Keys:

  • Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
  • Curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus)
  • Native Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum)
  • M. spicatum
  • P. crispus
  • P. crispus turions:

Produced in early summer; Sprout in fall

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SLIDE 8

Eurasian watermilfoil- Lake Tahoe December-2008

“Andian milfoil” (native) Myriophyllum quitense

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SLIDE 9

Current Prevention Measures

 Vessel Inspections: No inspector = No

launch

 Mandatory inspection (TRPA)

 Extensive Inspection & Decontamination

(Major Highway Stations)

 CDFG Code 2301  $5000 fine for decontamination refusal  Signage, fliers, workshops  Other public outreach Examples of Signage:

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SLIDE 10

Current AIS Management Tools

 Harvesting  Hand-pulling  Benthic barriers  Diver-assisted  Electro-shocking (warmwater

fish removal)

 No Herbicides or

Molluscicides permitted at this time

Photo: Lars Anderson

Photo: Brant Allen 2008 Photo: Lars Anderson

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SLIDE 11

New Tools for IPM at Tahoe ? Potential for Use of Aquatic Pesticides- Proposed Basin Plan Amendment

Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control

Board Approved Basin Plan Changes (2011)

 State Water Resources Board Approved 2012 Federal EPA review- Summer 2012?  Rhodamine WT Study: 2011-2012

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SLIDE 12

Specific Objectives of Tahoe Keys Project

  • Compare/ Assess Efficacy and Impacts of Bottom Barriers vs.

Standard Cutting/Harvest/Remova

  • Determine Movement and Dissipation of

Rhodamine WT (dye) as a Surrogate for Aquatic Herbicides.

  • Obtain Baseline Data on Benthic Invertebrates (sediment sampling).
  • Determine Feasibility of Using Mechanical Removal Methods to

Manage Non-Native Warmwater Fish

Develop BMPs for AIS Management at Tahoe Keys (and Lake Tahoe) Provide Basis for Any Future Applications for Using Aquatic Herbicides Provide Background Data for Subsequent Programmatic EIR/EIS

Outcome

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SLIDE 13

Tahoe Keys

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SLIDE 14

USDA -ARS Tahoe Keys Survey: May 21, 22, 2009 315 Samples Taken (includes 266 samples in the West Basin)

Each flag is a GPS- referenced sample

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 Tahoe Keys sampled 5/21 and 5/22/09

Number Codes for Each Area Sampled (See bar graphs below)

Coontail (Native) Eurasian watermilfoil Curlyleaf pondweed Elodea canadensis (Native)

Number Codes for Each Area Sampled Number Codes for Each Area Sampled

Presence/absence Summary

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SLIDE 15
  • M. spicatum
  • C. demersum

Algae

  • P. foliosus

April 27, 2011

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SLIDE 16

Dye Demo Summer

  • nly

Tahoe Keys Rhodamine WT Dye Studies July 2011 and October 2011 Injection Sites

Legend Bottom Barriers (synthetic or jute) Rhodamine WT Dye Only Untreated Control Areas Normal Plant Harvest Operations Fixed Dye Sample Station

5 7 6 2 1a 3a 3b 4 Site IV Site II Site I 1b

Temp Logger #2 Temp Logger #1 Temp Logger #3 Temp Logger #4

Site V

New Site- Added to Fall 2011 injection

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SLIDE 17

Measuring Fluorescence of Rhodamine WT

Flow-through fluorometer: Continuous measurement of dye fluorescence calibrated to concentration (detects to ca. 50 pp trillion) Water is pumped from pre- determined depth to bottom

  • f flow-through cuvette
  • Detection level in parts per trillion (0.050 parts per

billion)

  • Instantaneous monitoring (real-time)
  • Target level: 5 to 10 ppb (parts per billion) after mixing
  • Surrogate for movement and dilution
  • But NOT for half-life of herbicide active ingredient
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SLIDE 18

Bottom Water Temperatures- Tahoe Keys June 9 to Aug. 18 2011

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30 7/7 7/14 7/21 7/28 8/4 8/11 8/18 8/25 Temperature C

Tahoe keys water temperature

June 9 - Aug. 18, 2011

24 per. Mov. Avg. (A) East Channel) 24 per. Mov. Avg. (B) West Channel) 24 per. Mov. Avg. (C) Northeast Lagoon in Keys) 24 per. Mov. Avg. (D) South Center Lagoon in Keys)

RWT Injections (Sites 1-3)

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SLIDE 19

Bottom Water Temperature in West Basin Channel

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30 7/7 7/14 7/21 7/28 8/4 8/11 8/18 8/25 Temperature C

Rhodamine WT Injecitons Declining temperature preceding RWT injection

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SLIDE 20

Comparison of Rhodamine Dissipation in Sites 1,2,3 1 2 3 4 5 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 1 July 18 - Sept 1, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 2 July 19 - Aug. 9, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

Dead-End Site Open Site

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SLIDE 21

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 2 @ NW buoy July 19 - Aug. 9, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 2 @ SW buoy July 19 - Aug. 9, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

Adjacent to Open Site: NW Adjacent to Open Site: SW Adjacent to Open Site

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SLIDE 22

1 2 3 4 5 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 3, Tahoe Keys July 20 - Sept 1, 2011

Surface sample Deep sample

Dead-End Site

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SLIDE 23

Site 1: Effect of Diurnal Temperature on RWT Mixing

9:30 AM 9:30 PM 9:30 AM 9:30 PM 9:30 AM 9:30 PM 9:30 AM 9:30 PM 9:30 AM 9:30 PM 9:30 AM 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 24 48 72 96 120 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Water temperature *C

Hours after dye injection; Time of day

Rhodamine WT concentration (ppb)

RWT (Surface) Surface Water Temperature

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SLIDE 24

Rhodamine WT Dye Dispersion (Sites 1-3)-Summer (July 17,18 Injections)

DEAD END DEAD END OPEN

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SLIDE 25

> 5 ppb 5 > x > 1 1 > x > 0.25 0.25 > x > 0.05 0.05 > x > 0

1.3 hours

Rhodamine WT Fall 2011 Injections

Site 1

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SLIDE 26

4.1 hours

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SLIDE 27

22.4 hours

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SLIDE 28

28.7 hours

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SLIDE 29

48 hours

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SLIDE 30

5 Days

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SLIDE 31

8 Days

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SLIDE 32

14 Days

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SLIDE 33

20 Days

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SLIDE 34

34 Days

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SLIDE 35

> 5 ppb 5 > x > 1 1 > x > 0.25 0.25 > x > 0.05 0.05 > x > 0

3 hours

Site 5

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SLIDE 36

22 hours

Site 2

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SLIDE 37

26 hours

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SLIDE 38

48 hours

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SLIDE 39

5 Days

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SLIDE 40

8 Days

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SLIDE 41

14 Days

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SLIDE 42

20 Days

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SLIDE 43

34 Days

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SLIDE 44

Summary: Fall Rhodamine WT (2011)

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SLIDE 45

Rhodamine WT Dye Dispersion (Sites 1-3)-Summer (July 17, 18 Injections)

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SLIDE 46

1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 1

Oct 13 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

Dead- End Site

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SLIDE 47

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 7 14 21 28 35 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 1 @ South buoy Oct 13 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 7 14 21 28 35 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 1 @ West buoy July 18 - Sept 1, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

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SLIDE 48

1 2 3 4 5 7 14 21 28 35 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 3

Oct 14 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys Surface sample Deep sample

Dead- End Site

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SLIDE 49

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 7 14 21 28 35 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 3 @ West buoy

Oct 13 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

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SLIDE 50

1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 2

Oct 14 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

Open Site

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SLIDE 51

1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration inside Site 5

Oct 13 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

Open Site

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SLIDE 52

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.00 7.00 14.00 21.00 28.00 35.00 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 5 @ South buoy #1

Oct 13 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 7 14 21 28 35 Rhodamine concentration (ppb) Days after dye injection

Rhodamine WT concentration outside Site 5 @ South buoy #2

Oct 13 - Nov 16, 2011, Tahoe Keys

Surface sample Deep sample

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SLIDE 53

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Water temperature *C

Days after dye application

Rhodamine WT concentration (ppb)

Site 3: Diurnal Temperature and RWT Concentrations (Fall Application)

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SLIDE 54

Temperature Loggers :Tahoe West Basin (Summer 2011 -Spring 2012)

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SLIDE 55
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SLIDE 56

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30 7/7 7/14 7/21 7/28 8/4 8/11 8/18 8/25 9/1 9/8 9/15 9/22 9/29 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 Temperature C

Tahoe keys water temperature

June 9 - Nov 3, 2011

24 per. Mov. Avg. (A) East Channel) 24 per. Mov. Avg. (B) West Channel) 24 per. Mov. Avg. (D) South Center Lagoon in Keys)

Air Temperature: July RWT Application Air Temperature: October RWT Application

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SLIDE 57

Wind Velocity: July RWT Application Wind Direction: July RWT Application

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SLIDE 58

Wind Direction: October RWT Application Wind Speed: October RWT Application

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SLIDE 59
  • P. Crispus and M. spicatum Phenology

Biomass with Turions Turions dispersed and drop to bottom Sprouted Turions Increasing Biomass Turion formation Biomass with autofragments Beginning Senescence Senescing and dormant plants Increasing Biomass Maximum Biomass and some flowering

  • P. crispus
  • M. spicatum

Fall-Winter Fall-Winter Summer Summer Late Summer Late Summer Spring Spring

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SLIDE 60
  • P. Crispus and M. spicatum Phenology

Biomass with Turions Turions dispersed and drop to bottom Sprouted Turions Increasing Biomass Turion formation Biomass with autofragments Beginning Senescence Senescing and dormant plants Increasing Biomass Maximum Biomass and some flowering

  • P. crispus
  • M. spicatum

Fall-Winter Fall- Winter Summer Summer Late Summer Late Summer Spring Spring

Early Fall: Lake Level low, warm, clear water

Early Summer: Lake Level high, cold water

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SLIDE 61

Summary: Summer Rhodamine WT Applications

  • Dead-end sites had long residence time:

>30 days

  • Dead-end sites had diurnal vertical mixing
  • Open site have very short residence time:

Few hours

  • Cold water influx from lake probably generated a

southern and western flow

  • Multiple dead-end sites could be used to

compare efficacy of herbicides if approved for

  • use. These sites comprise ca. 70% of open

water.

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SLIDE 62

Summary: Fall Application

  • Dead-end sites had long residence time:

>30 days- Similar to summer characteristics

  • Dead-end sites had diurnal vertical mixing-but more

rapidly mixed than summer

  • Open sites had much longer residence time than in

the summer (less water movement) Residence time: weeks, not a few hours

  • Water appears to exiting the Keys very slowly- the
  • pposite of summer conditions
  • Results suggest that fall is best time to sustain

herbicide concentrations in “open sites” (ca. 30% of the Keys).

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SLIDE 63

Any Wicked Questions?

Native Elodea canadensis- December 2011 Tahoe Keys- December 2011