Impact of Form Factors and Input Condi2ons on Absolute - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Impact of Form Factors and Input Condi2ons on Absolute - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Impact of Form Factors and Input Condi2ons on Absolute Indirect-Touch Poin2ng Tasks Jrmie Gilliot, Gry Casiez & Nicolas Roussel LIFL & INRIA Lille University of

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SLIDE 1

LIFL ¡& ¡INRIA ¡Lille University ¡of ¡Lille, ¡FRANCE

Impact ¡of ¡Form ¡Factors ¡and ¡Input ¡ Condi2ons ¡on ¡Absolute
 Indirect-­‑Touch ¡Poin2ng ¡Tasks ¡

Jérémie Gilliot, Géry Casiez & Nicolas Roussel

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SLIDE 2

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

2

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SLIDE 3

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

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SLIDE 4

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

+ directness + multitouch

  • precision
  • fatigue

2

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SLIDE 5

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

+ directness + multitouch

  • precision
  • fatigue

2

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SLIDE 6

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

+ directness + multitouch

  • precision
  • fatigue

+ precision + fatigue

  • multitouch

2

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SLIDE 7

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

+ directness + multitouch

  • precision
  • fatigue

+ precision + fatigue

  • multitouch

2

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SLIDE 8

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

+ directness + multitouch

  • precision
  • fatigue

+ precision + fatigue

  • multitouch

+ fatigue + multitouch

  • precision

2

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SLIDE 9

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Absolute Relative Direct Indirect

+ directness + multitouch

  • precision
  • fatigue

+ precision + fatigue

  • multitouch

+ fatigue + multitouch

  • precision

2

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SLIDE 10

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

(a) (b)

Malik et al. UIST’05 Schmidt et al. Interact’09 McCallum et al. UIST’09

Figure 1: This user operates his mobile phone in his “clock”

Gustafson et al. UIST’11

quire something completely different?

Benko et al. GI’10 Moscovich et al. GI’06

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SLIDE 11

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Screen

4

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SLIDE 12

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Screen

4

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SLIDE 13

Absolute ¡indirect ¡poin=ng

Screen

4

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SLIDE 14

Form ¡Factors ¡and ¡Input ¡Condi=ons

5

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SLIDE 15
  • input form factors (size and aspect ratio)

Form ¡Factors ¡and ¡Input ¡Condi=ons

5

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SLIDE 16
  • input form factors (size and aspect ratio)
  • input conditions (ability to look at the

device, ability to use both hands)

Form ¡Factors ¡and ¡Input ¡Condi=ons

5

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SLIDE 17
  • input form factors (size and aspect ratio)
  • input conditions (ability to look at the

device, ability to use both hands)

  • display form factors (device size and aspect

ratio, target size)

Form ¡Factors ¡and ¡Input ¡Condi=ons

5

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SLIDE 18

EXPERIMENT ¡1: ¡device ¡size ¡and ¡input ¡condi=ons

6

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SLIDE 19

EXPERIMENT ¡1: ¡device ¡size ¡and ¡input ¡condi=ons

Hypothesis:

6

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SLIDE 20

EXPERIMENT ¡1: ¡device ¡size ¡and ¡input ¡condi=ons

Hypothesis: 


  • 1. Despite the lack of feedback, looking at the input surface

would help position the index finger


6

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SLIDE 21

EXPERIMENT ¡1: ¡device ¡size ¡and ¡input ¡condi=ons

Hypothesis: 


  • 1. Despite the lack of feedback, looking at the input surface

would help position the index finger


  • 2. The non-dominant hand could act as a reference frame to

position the finger if users were unable to look at the device

6

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SLIDE 22

Task

7

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SLIDE 23

Task

7

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SLIDE 24

Task

7

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SLIDE 25

Task

7

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SLIDE 26

Task

7

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SLIDE 27

Task

7

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SLIDE 28

Design

8

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SLIDE 29

Design

12 participants

8

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SLIDE 30

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders)

8

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SLIDE 31

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders)

8

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SLIDE 32

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders)

8

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SLIDE 33

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders)

8

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SLIDE 34

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders) x 2 device size (iPod, iPad)

8

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SLIDE 35

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders) x 2 device size (iPod, iPad) x 3 blocks

8

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SLIDE 36

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders) x 2 device size (iPod, iPad) x 3 blocks x 3 target size (10, 20, 40 mm)

8

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SLIDE 37

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders) x 2 device size (iPod, iPad) x 3 blocks x 3 target size (10, 20, 40 mm) x 9 target position

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

8

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SLIDE 38

Design

12 participants x 3 input conditions (1 hand, 1hand-blinders, 2handsBlinders) x 2 device size (iPod, iPad) x 3 blocks x 3 target size (10, 20, 40 mm) x 9 target position x 3 repetitions = 17,496 total trials

8

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SLIDE 39

Success ¡rate ¡and ¡number ¡of ¡failed ¡aKempts

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%# 80%# 90%# 100%#

1HANDBLINDERS# 2HANDSBLINDERS# 1HAND# SMALL# LARGE# WS# WM# WL# 1# 3# 9# 10# 11# 13# 19# 22# 25#

INPUT&CONDITION&&&DEVICE&SIZE&&&&&&&TARGET&SIZE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&TARGET&POSITION&

Number&of& failed&a<empts&

5# 4# 3# 2# 1# 0#

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

10, 20, 40 mm

  • sig. diff.

9

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SLIDE 40

Success ¡rate ¡and ¡number ¡of ¡failed ¡aKempts

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%# 80%# 90%# 100%#

1HANDBLINDERS# 2HANDSBLINDERS# 1HAND# SMALL# LARGE# WS# WM# WL# 1# 3# 9# 10# 11# 13# 19# 22# 25#

INPUT&CONDITION&&&DEVICE&SIZE&&&&&&&TARGET&SIZE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&TARGET&POSITION&

Number&of& failed&a<empts&

5# 4# 3# 2# 1# 0#

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

10, 20, 40 mm

  • sig. diff.

9

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SLIDE 41

Success ¡rate ¡and ¡number ¡of ¡failed ¡aKempts

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%# 80%# 90%# 100%#

1HANDBLINDERS# 2HANDSBLINDERS# 1HAND# SMALL# LARGE# WS# WM# WL# 1# 3# 9# 10# 11# 13# 19# 22# 25#

INPUT&CONDITION&&&DEVICE&SIZE&&&&&&&TARGET&SIZE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&TARGET&POSITION&

Number&of& failed&a<empts&

5# 4# 3# 2# 1# 0#

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

10, 20, 40 mm

  • sig. diff.

9

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SLIDE 42

Success ¡rate ¡and ¡number ¡of ¡failed ¡aKempts

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%# 80%# 90%# 100%#

1HANDBLINDERS# 2HANDSBLINDERS# 1HAND# SMALL# LARGE# WS# WM# WL# 1# 3# 9# 10# 11# 13# 19# 22# 25#

INPUT&CONDITION&&&DEVICE&SIZE&&&&&&&TARGET&SIZE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&TARGET&POSITION&

Number&of& failed&a<empts&

5# 4# 3# 2# 1# 0#

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

10, 20, 40 mm

  • sig. diff.

9

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SLIDE 43

Success ¡rate ¡and ¡number ¡of ¡failed ¡aKempts

0%# 10%# 20%# 30%# 40%# 50%# 60%# 70%# 80%# 90%# 100%#

1HANDBLINDERS# 2HANDSBLINDERS# 1HAND# SMALL# LARGE# WS# WM# WL# 1# 3# 9# 10# 11# 13# 19# 22# 25#

INPUT&CONDITION&&&DEVICE&SIZE&&&&&&&TARGET&SIZE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&TARGET&POSITION&

Number&of& failed&a<empts&

5# 4# 3# 2# 1# 0#

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

10, 20, 40 mm

  • sig. diff.

9

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Targe=ng ¡error

10

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SLIDE 45

Targe=ng ¡error

10

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Targe=ng ¡error

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1HANDBLINDERS" 2HANDSBLINDERS" 1HAND" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( INPUT(CONDITION(

SMALL" LARGE"

11

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Targe=ng ¡error

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1HANDBLINDERS" 2HANDSBLINDERS" 1HAND" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( INPUT(CONDITION(

SMALL" LARGE"

11

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Targe=ng ¡error

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1HANDBLINDERS" 2HANDSBLINDERS" 1HAND" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( INPUT(CONDITION(

SMALL" LARGE"

11

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Targe=ng ¡error

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1HANDBLINDERS" 2HANDSBLINDERS" 1HAND" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( INPUT(CONDITION(

SMALL" LARGE"

11

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SLIDE 50

Targe=ng ¡error

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1HANDBLINDERS" 2HANDSBLINDERS" 1HAND" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( INPUT(CONDITION(

SMALL" LARGE"

11

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SLIDE 51

0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 1" 3" 9" 10" 11" 13" 19" 22" 25" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( TARGET(POSITION(

1 3 13 11 9 10 19 25 22

Targe=ng ¡error

12

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SLIDE 52

0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 1" 3" 9" 10" 11" 13" 19" 22" 25" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()( TARGET(POSITION(

1 3 13 11 9 10 19 25 22

Targe=ng ¡error

12

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SLIDE 53

Minimum ¡target ¡size ¡in ¡motor ¡space

Minimal target size in motor space participants can select on first attempt with a 95% probability

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Minimum ¡target ¡size ¡in ¡motor ¡space

Minimal target size in motor space participants can select on first attempt with a 95% probability

INPUT CONDITION 1HAND 2HAND 1HAND BLINDERS BLINDERS DEVICE SIZE SMALL 22.3 23.2 16.8 LARGE 45.2 41.3 27.8 Table 1: Minimum target size (in mm) to acquire a target on first attempt

13

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SLIDE 55

Minimum ¡target ¡size ¡in ¡motor ¡space

Minimal target size in motor space participants can select on first attempt with a 95% probability

INPUT CONDITION 1HAND 2HAND 1HAND BLINDERS BLINDERS DEVICE SIZE SMALL 22.3 23.2 16.8 LARGE 45.2 41.3 27.8 Table 1: Minimum target size (in mm) to acquire a target on first attempt

13

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EXPERIMENT ¡2: ¡scale ¡effect ¡and ¡aspect ¡ra=o

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EXPERIMENT ¡2: ¡scale ¡effect ¡and ¡aspect ¡ra=o

Hypothesis:

14

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EXPERIMENT ¡2: ¡scale ¡effect ¡and ¡aspect ¡ra=o

Hypothesis: 1.The size of targets relative to that of the display would have no impact on performance

14

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SLIDE 59

EXPERIMENT ¡2: ¡scale ¡effect ¡and ¡aspect ¡ra=o

Hypothesis: 1.The size of targets relative to that of the display would have no impact on performance 2.Similar input and output aspect ratios would lead to better performance

14

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Task

15

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Design

16

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SLIDE 62

Design

12 participants

16

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SLIDE 63

Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm)

16

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Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm) x 3 aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9, 32:10)

4:3 x 0,5 32:10 x 1 x 2 16:9

16

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Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm) x 3 aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9, 32:10) x 3 blocks

16

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SLIDE 66

Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm) x 3 aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9, 32:10) x 3 blocks x 2 target size (20 and 40 mm)

16

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Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm) x 3 aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9, 32:10) x 3 blocks x 2 target size (20 and 40 mm) x 4 target position

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

16

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Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm) x 3 aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9, 32:10) x 3 blocks x 2 target size (20 and 40 mm) x 4 target position x 3 repetitions

16

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Design

12 participants x 3 workspace height (74, 147, 294 mm) x 3 aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9, 32:10) x 3 blocks x 2 target size (20 and 40 mm) x 4 target position x 3 repetitions = 7,776 total trials

16

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SLIDE 70

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1" 13" 19" 22" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()(

TARGET(POSITION( RM" RL" RXL"

Targe=ng ¡error ¡and ¡aspect ¡ra=o

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

17

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SLIDE 71

0" 2" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 1" 13" 19" 22" TARGETING(ERROR(((((((()(

TARGET(POSITION( RM" RL" RXL"

Targe=ng ¡error ¡and ¡aspect ¡ra=o

1 3 9 10 13 11 19 22 25

17

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SLIDE 72

Targe=ng ¡error ¡and ¡scale

WM WORKSPACE HEIGHT HS HM HL ASPECT RATIO RM 20×20 10×10 5×5 RL 15×20 17.5×10 3.7×5 RXL 8.3×20 4.2×10 2.1×5 WL WORKSPACE HEIGHT HS HM HL ASPECT RATIO RM 40×40 20×20 10×10 RL 30×40 15×20 7.5×10 RXL 16.7×40 8.3×20 4.2×10 Table 3: Target size in motor space (in mm) corresponding to the dis-

18

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SLIDE 73

Targe=ng ¡error ¡and ¡scale

WM WORKSPACE HEIGHT HS HM HL ASPECT RATIO RM 20×20 10×10 5×5 RL 15×20 17.5×10 3.7×5 RXL 8.3×20 4.2×10 2.1×5 WL WORKSPACE HEIGHT HS HM HL ASPECT RATIO RM 40×40 20×20 10×10 RL 30×40 15×20 7.5×10 RXL 16.7×40 8.3×20 4.2×10 Table 3: Target size in motor space (in mm) corresponding to the dis-

29.9 mm 31.2 mm

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Example ¡applica=ons

15” monitor touchpad

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Example ¡applica=ons

15” monitor touchpad

21 mm 62 mm

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SLIDE 76

Example ¡applica=ons

15” monitor touchpad

21 mm 62 mm

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SLIDE 77

touchpad

Example ¡applica=ons

Wall display

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touchpad

Example ¡applica=ons

Wall display

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SLIDE 79

touchpad

Example ¡applica=ons

Wall display

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touchpad

Example ¡applica=ons

Wall display

20

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Example ¡applica=ons

30x30 mm screen 70x70 mm touchpad

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SLIDE 82

Example ¡applica=ons

30x30 mm screen 70x70 mm touchpad

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SLIDE 83

Conclusion

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Conclusion

  • 1. Looking at the input surface, 


even if nothing is displayed on it helps
 => the boundaries of the surface should be clearly distinguishable

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SLIDE 85

Conclusion

  • 1. Looking at the input surface, 


even if nothing is displayed on it helps
 => the boundaries of the surface should be clearly distinguishable

  • 2. Designers should take the handedness of the users into

account for all absolute indirect-touch pointing tasks.

22

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SLIDE 86

Conclusion

  • 1. Looking at the input surface, 


even if nothing is displayed on it helps
 => the boundaries of the surface should be clearly distinguishable

  • 2. Designers should take the handedness of the users into

account for all absolute indirect-touch pointing tasks.

  • 3. The display scale does not matter, but input and output

aspect ratios do.

22

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SLIDE 87

Conclusion

  • 1. Looking at the input surface, 


even if nothing is displayed on it helps
 => the boundaries of the surface should be clearly distinguishable

  • 2. Designers should take the handedness of the users into

account for all absolute indirect-touch pointing tasks.

  • 3. The display scale does not matter, but input and output

aspect ratios do.

  • 4. Pay attention to the minimum target size in motor space

and use it to check whether the on-screen interactors can be reliably acquired.

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