I. OBSTACLES AND MOTIVATIONS TO PARTICIPATION IN PARENTING PROGRAMS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• II. LINKS BETWEEN PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY AND

PARENTS’ SERVICE NEEDS AND PREFERENCES

Whitney D. Taylor1, Kathy Chan1, Susan B. Stern2, & Catherine M. Lee1 February 15, 2013 Los Angeles, USA

University of Ottawa1 University of Toronto2

• I. OBSTACLES AND MOTIVATIONS TO

PARTICIPATION IN PARENTING PROGRAMS

Kathy Chan1, Whitney D. Taylor1, Susan B. Stern2, & Catherine M. Lee1

Extending Our Reach

 Not all families who need parenting services

receive them

 How do we increase service access amongst

vulnerable families?

Research Question 1

What helps? What gets in the way of accessing services?

Considering Parents’ Confidence

 Confidence in parenting is the perceived capability

to solve parenting problems and appropriately influence children’s development

 Higher confidence is

associated with

 Competent parenting

practices

 Parents’ wellbeing  Children’s wellbeing

 Important for self-regulation framework

Research Question 2

 How does an understanding of parents’ confidence

inform service delivery?

Background and Methods

 Development

 International Parenting Survey – Canada (IPS-C)

 Online survey of caregivers of children aged 2 to 12  Developed by researchers in Australia and Germany

 Worked with partner agencies to recruit participants in

exchange for data reports (N = 1965)

 Measures

 Child, caregiver, and family characteristics  Child behavioural/emotional problems and parents’ confidence

– CAPES (Morawska & Sanders, 2010)

 Use of, satisfaction with, and preferences for parenting services

• I. Results: Obstacles and Motivations

What gets in the way of accessing services? What helps?

Parents Who Need Services (n = 698)

Non- Participants, 199 Participants, 499

Did not participate in a parenting program in the last 12 months Participated in at least 1 parenting program in the last 12 months Indicated being “very”

• r “extremely likely”

to participate in a parenting program in the future Perceived a need to participate

Family Characteristics

 Compared to Participants, Non-Participants:

 Reported more child emotional/behavioural problems *  Were more likely to consult with a professional about

their child’s behaviour *

 Had more depressive symptoms and less happiness in

their parent-child relationship *

 No between-group differences found for:

 Child age, child gender, parent ethnicity, marital status,

parent education, income adequacy

small effect *

Reasons for not Participating (%)1

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 68.8 36.9 28.1 21.2 19.2 18.1 14.1

Wasn't aware of any programs Lack of time Inconvenient timing of services No access to child care Competing work commitments Inconvenient location of services Financial cost

* Respondents could endorse more than one reason * Amongst Non-Participants

Awareness of Parent Training Programs (%)

20 40 60 Non-Participants (1) Participants (2)

36.5 53.9 8.7 18.3 10.5 25.1 6.3 11.4 16.6 34.3 9.4 37.3

Triple P * Incredible Years * COPE * SNAP Nobody's Perfect * Other ** small effect *, medium effect ** * Respondents could endorse more than one program

Satisfaction with Parenting Support (%)

1 2 3 4 5 Information Services 2.76 2.60 3.59 3.47 Non-Participants (1) Participants (2) Extremely Satisfied Not At All Satisfied Somewhat Satisfied

**

medium effect **

**

Influences on Future Program Participation For Non-Participants (%)1

4.30 4.28 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.09 4.06 4.04 3.82 3.54 1 2 3 4 5 Addresses personally relevant issues Convenient location Demonstrated effectiveness In my language Conducted by trained practitioners Free/low cost Professional resources Tailored to individual needs Participants set and achieve own goals Different delivery formats No Influence A Lot of Influence Some Influence

Perceived Usefulness of Service Formats

Extremely Useful Not At All Useful

small effect *, large effect ***

* * * *** *** ***

• II. Results: Parents’ Confidence

How does an understanding of parents’ confidence inform service delivery?

Child Characteristics (n = 1965)

Age (in years) Mean (SD) 5.5 (3.0) Gender (% Male) 52.3 Professional consulted in the last 12 months regarding child’s behaviour (% Yes) 29.1

Caregiver Characteristics (n = 1965)

Age Mean (SD) 36.6 (6.8) Gender (% Female) 91.9 Ethnicity (% White) 89.0 Marital status (% Married / Cohabiting) 85.5 Parents’ Confidence (CAPES) Mean (SD) 1 = Certain I can’t do it 10 = Certain I can do it 8.3 (1.6) Depressive Symptoms (Kessler K10) Mean (SD) 16.0 (5.8) Happiness in Parent-Child Relationship Mean (SD) 1 = extremely unhappy 8 = perfectly happy 6.7 (.99)

Socio-Economic Characteristics (n = 1965)

Education Completed high school or less Completed post-secondary 17.4 82.6 Income adequacy in last 12 months Unable to meet essential expenses Able to meet essential expenses 18.6 81.4

Child Problems and Parent Wellbeing

Parent hopelessness ** Depressive symptoms ** Unhappiness in parent-child relationship ** Child emotional & behavioural problems

small effect *, medium effect **, large effect ***

Child Problems and Parent Confidence

Child emotional & behavioural problems ** Parents’ Confidence Child emotional & behavioural problems *** Parents’ Confidence

Males Females

As severity of child emotional and behavioural problems increases, confidence

• decreases. This relationship is stronger in female caregivers (r = .522) than in male

caregivers (r = .387), z = 2.02, p < .05 small effect *, medium effect **, large effect ***

Service Needs and Preferences

 More parenting challenges  unique service needs

Likelihood of future participation * Preferences for group programs *, individually tailored programs *, home visits * Importance of addressing personally relevant issues *, meeting personal goals *, at low cost *, in convenient location *

Child emotional & behavioural problems

small effect *

Parents’ Confidence and Service Needs

 Parents of children with more severe

behavioural problems have lower parental confidence and prefer more individualized and intensive services

 Higher confidence = Higher satisfaction

with parenting information and services *

 Higher confidence = Improved parental

wellbeing * even when controlling for child problems

small effect *

Barriers to Services

 Although parents with lower

confidence tend to experience more parenting challenges and may be in greater need of services, they were also significantly more likely to report that they would feel uncomfortable accessing a parenting program

 It may be important to normalize

the use of parent training programs to encourage uptake

Practice Implications & Future Directions

What gets in the way of accessing services? How do we overcome it?

 Lack of awareness  Other logistical barriers

 timing  location  resources

What increases participation?

 Reassure parents about the services they are getting  Decrease barriers  Offer a variety of service formats

How does an understanding of parents’ confidence inform service delivery?

 Consider how parents feel about themselves as

caregivers when trying to engage them in services

 Increase comfort level with help seeking

 Decrease blame and stigma  Focus on strengths

 Tailor programs to individual needs and relevant

issues

Practice Implications

 Boosting confidence is important to the self-regulation

framework of parenting programs

Parenting Program Parenting Practices Child Behaviours Confidence in Parenting Comfort Accessing Services

Future Directions

 Using the power of the web

to enhance outcomes

 Understanding ways to

boost parents’ comfort and confidence

Acknowledgements

 Caregivers who

completed the survey

 Developers of the IPS:

 University of Queensland

and University of Bielefeld

 IPS-C investigators  IPS-C partner agencies  Funding agency

 University of Ottawa

Questions? Comments?