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Human Infectious Diseases Audrey Waits February 8, 2019 NASA GISS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Human Infectious Diseases Audrey Waits February 8, 2019 NASA GISS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
One Arctic One Health: Human Infectious Diseases Audrey Waits February 8, 2019 NASA GISS https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/arctic-meteorology/climate_change.html 1 2 3 1. Richard Reid, Nat Geo Image Collection
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NASA GISS https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/arctic-meteorology/climate_change.html
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- 1. Richard Reid, Nat Geo Image Collection
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/03/winter-arctic-sea-ice-second-lowest-record-spd/
- 2. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/08/news-arctic-permafrost-may-thaw-faster-than-expected/
- 3. Audrey Waits, Oulu Finland
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CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN- CAUSED CHANGE
CONTAMINANTS AS ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS
ENVIRONMENT/ HABITAT CHANGES
ZOONOTIC AND VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
FOOD- AND WATERBORNE DISEASES
POLLUTION CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD
PREVENTION & SURVEILLANCE
- EDUCATION
- VACCINATION
- DATA COLLECTION
EXPANSION OF BOREAL TREE LINE MILDER WINTERS, WARMER SUMMERS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BETTER SURVIVAL FOR VECTORS EXPSOSURE TO NEW POPULATIONS PEOPLE SPENDING MORE TIME OUTSIDE DISRUPTION IN SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE CHANGES IN TRADITIONAL FOOD
STORAGE PERMAFROST MELTING
ONE HEALTH ENVIRONMENT- WILDLIFE- HUMAN INTERACTION
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Systematic Review
- To compile recent studies in this field and
compare them to a previous review (Hedlund
- et. al 2014)
- English searches conducted in PubMed,
ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PLOS One
- Russian searches conducted in the Scientific
Electronic Library “eLibrary.ru”
- Searches conducted in March 2018
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Articles selected for full text review (n=14) Articles included in review (n=1) Initial search results (n=156) PubMed ScienceDirect Scopus Articles selected for full text review (n=6) Articles included in review (n=0) Initial search results (n=27) Articles selected for full text review (n=73) Articles included in review (n=20) Initial search results (n=674) PLOS One eLibrary.ru Articles selected for full text review (n=2) Articles included in review (n=1) Initial search results (n=58) Articles selected for full text review (number of articles not recorded) Articles included in review (n=21) Initial search results (n=2377)
Total search results: (n= 3292) Articles included in review: (n= 43)
Waits et al. (2018) Human infectious diseases and the changing climate in the Arctic. Envir Int 121 703-713
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Results
- Zoonotic/ vector-borne diseases (n= 29, 67%)
– Tick-borne diseases (n= 10) – Tularemia (n= 9) – Anthrax (n= 6)
- Food- and waterborne diseases (n= 6, 14%)
– Vibriosis (n=4)
- Airborne diseases (n= 2, 5%)
1 https://www.thelocal.ch/20190204/swiss-government-extends-vaccination-area-for-tick-borne-encephalitis-as-cases-increase 2 https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/active-finland-travellers-guide-9614065.html 3 https://www.thesinusdoctor.com/what-does-it-mean-when-you-cant-stop-sneezing/ 1 2 3
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Airborne diseases
- Influenza A and human rhinovirus were
investigated in relation to temperature and humidity
- Abundance of co-factors
- Low publication numbers
- Difficult to establish an association
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Food- and waterborne diseases
- Lack of sanitation/ water infrastructure
- Increased temperature and precipitation
- Disruption of waste and sanitation
infrastructure
- Increased use of public bathing areas
- Vibriosis
– Associated with increases in sea surface temperature
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Vector-borne diseases and zoonoses
Tick-borne diseases
- Tick borne encephalitis
(TBE)
- Tick borne borreliosis (TBB)
- Warmer temperatures
affect habitat and life cycle Tularemia
- Climatic and ecological
factors play important role in determining vector range and population
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Anthrax
- Permafrost thaw exposes buried carcasses of
infected animals
- Primary method of exposure is contact with
infected animals
- Low or absent vaccination
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Waits et al. (2018) Human infectious diseases and the changing climate in the Arctic. Envir Int 121 703-713
- Main focus of the 72 articles included in this review (n=43) and a previous review (n=29)
(Hedlund et al. 2014) divided by country
- All articles published between 1970-2017
- “Other” includes articles covering more than 1 country
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Climate and health research by geographic region
- PubMed search only
- Used UN designated regions
- Made category for Arctic
htps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Nations_geographical_subregions.png
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Northern Africa 2 %Eastern Africa 4 % Middle Africa 3 % Southern Africa 3 % Western Africa 6 % Caribbean 1 % Central America 2 % South America 6 % North America 13 % Central Asia 1 % Eastern Asia 9 % South-eastern Asia 3 % Southern Asia 6 % Western Asia 8 % Eastern Europe 4 % Northern Europe 7 % Southern Europe 1 % Western Europe 10 % Australia and New Zealand 4 % Pacific Islands 1% Arctic 8 %
Total of 58, 563 search results
Waits et al. (2018) Human infectious diseases and the changing climate in the Arctic. Envir Int 121 703-713
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Conclusion
- Increasing amount of research in the field published
after 2010
- Tick-borne diseases, tularemia, anthrax, and vibriosis
were the most researched infections likely to be impacted by climatic factors in the Arctic
- Increased temperature and precipitation are predicted
to be the most influential climatic factors
- Surveillance, continued research, education, and