Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent Typology, Interactions, and Implications Robin Banerji Haverford College April 18, 2015 Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions 1 Defining the problem What we know Modelling tone-stress interactions 2 Looking at Huichol Preliminaries Data 3 Conclusions Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions What we know Stress languages We know how languages like English and Bengali work: (1) a. (´ σ ) (P` aw)(t´ ucket) b. (´ σσ ) (M` ıssis)(s´ ıppi) c. ((´ σσ ) σ ) ((Ch´ ero)(kee)) (Selkirk 1980) (2) r´ ajar ch´ obir j´ onno t´ aka king. gen picture. gen for money ‘money for the king’s pictures’ (Truckenbrodt 2002) Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions What we know Tone languages We know how languages like Y` or´ ub` a work: (3) a. d´ ı (4) a. aw´ o ‘to block’ ‘guinea fowl’ b. di b. awo ‘to become’ ‘secret’ c. d` ı c. aw` o ‘to tie’ ‘eyeglasses’ d. ` awo ‘plate’ (Courtenay 1971) Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions What we know . . . Other languages But what about a language like Japanese, with both tone and stress ? (5) a. m´ akura ga ‘pillow. nom ’ b. kok´ oro ga ‘heart. nom ’ c. atam´ a ga ‘head. nom ’ d. sakana ga ‘fish. nom ’ (Hyman 2009) Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Modelling tone-stress interactions Three models Currently, three major theoretical frameworks are prevalent in the study of prosody: Isolation of tone and stress as independent phenomena (Inkelas and Zec 1988, among others). This approach is also taken in the pioneering work of Grimes (1959) in Huichol phonology. The “property-driven” approach (Hyman 2006; 2009; 2014), highly descriptive and considering each language’s stress and tone systems as self-contained, with a list of definable properties. The “accentual” approach , which posits an underlying mark of prominence on certain syllables (Abercrombie 1976; van der Hulst 2014). Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Modelling tone-stress interactions The accentual approach Bears out the possibility of different phonetic and phonological effects of “prominence” in different languages. Tokyo Japanese accented syllables are realized with a HL contour docking to a single unpredictable, lexically underlying syllable in each word as seen in (5) Also accounts for English and Bengali observations Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Preliminaries Contextual background Uto-Aztecan, about 44,788 speakers (INEGI 2010) Most recent previous work in Huichol tone, prosody, and intonation: Grimes (1959) Posits 4 level tones 4-way tonal contrast is only realized in the nucleus of the Figure 1: Location of the Huichol phonological phrase; 2 homeland in Mexico can be realized on non-nuclear syllables Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Preliminaries Methodology 7 days of fieldwork with Huichol-speaking consultants in Mexico City Words elicited in isolation by lexical category Data recorded as high-quality audio recordings Figure 2: Elicitation with Estrella, a Huichol speaker living in Mexico City Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Data Data Huichol words have noticeable higher pitch on one syllable per elicited word 3 minimal pairs in the data: (8) a. n` ak´ a (6) a. t` am´ e (7) a. n` eP´ en` a ear tooth hear.1 sg ‘ear’ ‘tooth’ ‘I hear’ b. b. t´ am` e b. n` eP` en´ a n´ ak` a 1 pl hear.1 sg . fut (vulgar) ‘we’ ‘I will hear’ (Carrillo and Banerji 2014) Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Data Paring apart (8) ar` (9) w` ak´ 1 cf. Spanish / "Baka / vaca ‘cow’ (10) k` ap´ ur` a cf. Spanish / "kabRa / cabra ‘goat’ (Carrillo and Banerji 2014) Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Summary of main findings Huichol is a word-accent language, where the correlate of accent is H tone Accent in Huichol is obligatory and culminative The mora is Huichol’s minimal prosodic domain and the tone-bearing unit Like in English (Selkirk 1980), there are two classes of affixes in Huichol: Type I preserves the accentual structure of the root word, deletes accent on affix Type II preserves the accentual structure of the affix, deletes accent on root word Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions Thank you! Thanks also to: My language teachers Haverford College The Center for Peace and Global Citizenship The Hurford Humanities Center Dr. Brook Danielle Lillehaugen The Tri-College Department of Linguistics Universidad Nacional Aut´ onoma de M´ exico Dr. Francisco Arellanes Arellanes Dr. Lili´ an Guerrero Cornell University Danielle Burgess and the UnderLings Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
Defining the problem Looking at Huichol Conclusions References Abercrombie, David. 1976. Stress and some other terms. Work in Progress 9: 51–53. Carrillo Robles, Diego, and Robindra Nath Banerji. 2014. Audio recordings of spoken Huichol. Courtenay, Karen. 1971. Yoruba: A ‘terraced-level’ language with three tonemes. Studies in African Linguistics 2 (3): 239. Grimes, Joseph E. 1959. Huichol tone and intonation. International Journal of American Linguistics , 221–232. Hulst, Harry G. van der. 2014. The study of word accent and stress: Past, present, and future. Word Stress: Theoretical and typological issues : 3–55. Cambridge University Press. Hyman, Larry M. 2006. Word-prosodic typology. Phonology , 23 (02): 225–257. Hyman, Larry M. 2009. How (not) to do phonological typology: the case of pitch accent. Language Sciences , 31 (2): 213–238. Hyman, Larry M. 2014. Do all languages have word accent?. Word Stress: Theoretical and typological issues : 56–82. Cambridge University Press. 2010. Lenguas ind´ ıgenas en M´ exico y hablantes (de 5 a˜ nos y m´ as) al 2010 . INEGI. [URL] Inkelas, Sharon and Draga Zec. 1988. Serbo-Croatian pitch accent: the interaction of tone, stress, and intonation. Language 64. 227–248. Iturrioz Leza, Jos´ e Luis, Julio Ram´ ırez de la Cruz, and Gabriel Pacheco Salvador. 1999. Gram´ atica did´ actica del huichol: Vol. I. Estructura Fonol´ ogica y Sistema de Escritura. Funci´ on : 19–20. Universidad de Guadalajara. de Lacy, Paul. (1999). Tone and prominence. Rutgers Optimality Archive : 333. Selkirk, Elisabeth O. 1980. The role of prosodic categories in English word stress. Linguistic inquiry : 563–605. Truckenbrodt, Hubert. 2002. Variation in p-phrasing in Bengali. Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2 (1): 259–303. For a complete bibliography, contact the author at rbanerji@haverford.edu Robin Banerji Haverford College Huichol (Wix´ arika) Word Accent
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