HOW TO STEAL FROM NATURE Julian Vincent Centre for Biomimetic and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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HOW TO STEAL FROM NATURE Julian Vincent Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the

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HOW TO STEAL FROM NATURE

Julian Vincent Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath

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Report Documentation Page

Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
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How To Steal From Nature

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Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath

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See also ADM001689, EOARD-CSP-03-5073 Micro Air Vehicle Workshop., The original document contains color images.

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
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Start from here . . .

  • The abilities of ‘living machines’ can

exceed those of man-made ones

  • Nature’s solutions survive
  • Physics rules, so we can copy and adapt

HOW CAN WE TRANSFER THE TECHNOLOGY?

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Solutions from biology ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

  • Competition selects and optimises - but for what?
  • Optimisations are local - organisms are

multifunctional, have to work while they grow, and are derived from earlier designs

  • Optimisation means ‘good enough’
  • Nature may be solving different problems -

minimum energy or maximum competitiveness?

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Biology | Technology

Wet, flexible Heterogeneous Anisotropic Curved Non-metallic Factory <<< product Multifunctional Self-repairing Dry, rigid Homogeneous Isotropic Rectilinear Metallic Factory >>> product Limited functionality Repair or replace

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Sections through the wing of a tipulid (crane fly)

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A bee’s wing

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Framework for a lightweight wing (What’s wrong with it?!)

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Vortices in a wing cycle of a hovering hawk moth Manduca

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The power problem

Continual flight needs continual power Intermittent flight could use low grade energy and store it . . . . . . then release it suddenly.

power amplification

Jump-and-glide

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JUMPING ROBOT

Payload Glide after jump Sensors Light Vibration Computing Networking Robots sense something going past, all jump together to detect what it is and communicate with each

  • ther

Cope with uneven terrain Communicate in bursts Rely on low- level energy input Gas/smell

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∴mgh = 12mv

2

Ek = 12 mv

2

Kinetic energy on leaving the ground:

Ep = mgh

Potential energy at the top of the jump:

h = v 2g

2

Height of the jump:

Height of a jump

The height of the jump depends linearly on the power available

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Computer > > > > > 30 g Spring > > > > > 5 g Energy in > > > > > 40 g Chassis > > > > > 25 g

n.b. - the chassis will store some of the strain energy

100 g JumpBot

jumps to 1 metre

(assumes 10% spring efficiency)

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Femur of jumping leg

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Bennet-Clarke HC (1975). J. Exp. Biol. 63, 53-83

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Locust tendon Mammalian tendon Resilin Steel Strength (MN/m2) 600 100 3 450 - 2700 Stiffness (MN/m2) 20000 2000 2 210000 Elastic strain (%) 3 > 10 > 140 0.45 – 1.3 Energy storage (J/g) 9 > 5 > 2.1 0.125 – 1.4

Mechanical properties of skeletal materials

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Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch

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Mechanical Effects & Technology Electrical & Magnetic Effects & Technology Chemical Effects & Technology Thermo-Dynamics

P roblem S olution

Has your problem already been solved by someone else?

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good bad Parameter A good bad Parameter B

Conventional Design Strategy TRIZ

WIN WIN

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Ideality Time

Increasing Ideality

Make it work Invent the system Increase performance Modify the system to make it better Get the most out of the mature system by decreasing costs and harm Optimise resources

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Space segmentation

With permission from Invention Machine- Trends example from TechOptimizer Software

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Partially Mobile Maximum Mobility Multiple Rigid System Objects of Objects Mobile Objects

Dynamisation

increasing degrees of freedom

Immobile Many Completely Fluid System Joint Joints flexible Field

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Principal TRIZ Tools

TRIZ offers a comprehensive series of creativity and innovation tools, methods and strategies. The main tools include:-

* Contradictions/40 Inventive Principles * Ideal Final Result * Trends of Evolution * Function/Process Analysis * Use of Resources * Scientific Effects/Knowledge * S-Field Analysis/76 Standard Inventive Solutions * Feature Transfer * Subversion Analysis * STC/SLP/System Operators * ARIZ (Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving)

The tools shown in red can use information from nature. Hence TRIZ can drive biomimetics by organising and targeting

  • information. Biomimetics can drive TRIZ with new “patents”.
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Lessons

  • It’s possible to learn from nature
  • Huge changes in context are possible
  • Most of nature’s design can be (carefully!) dumped
  • Biologists are essential to differentiate functions
  • A virtuous circle exists between bio- and tech-
  • Bio-solutions have control built in to the material

and the design

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Successful biomimetics

Biologist required who must be able to . . . . . . identify essential functions . . . recognise evolutionary baggage . . . recognise developmental baggage . . . recognise metabolic baggage . . . talk to non-biologists

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Recommendations

  • True interdisciplinary team needed
  • The biologist must be there at all times
  • Expect unexpected solutions
  • Recognise that many solutions are not used

by nature . . .

  • . . . and that natural solutions may be used

non-optimally

  • Frame problems as FUNCTIONS