How the body How the body responds to responds to infection - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jan 17, 2024 201 likes •445 views

How the body How the body responds to responds to infection infection Primary lymphoid organs Infectious agents Infectious agents Viruses Viruses Bacteria Bacteria Fungi Fungi Protozoa Protozoa Worms Worms Neutrophils

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How the body How the body responds to responds to infection infection

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Primary lymphoid organs

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Viruses

Viruses

Bacteria

Bacteria

Fungi

Fungi

Protozoa

Protozoa

Worms

Worms Infectious agents Infectious agents

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Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Mast cells Monocytes/ Macrophages Dendritic cells NK cells CD8+ Tc lymphocytes CD4+ Th lymphocytes B lymphocytes Myeloid Lymphoid PMN/ Granulocytes Mononuclear cells

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Anti-microbial

Antibodies / immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD)
Pentraxins (eg. C-reactive protein)
Collectins (eg. mannan-binding lectin)
Complement proteins
Defensins
Lytic enzymes
Interferons
Cytotoxins (perforins, granzymes)

Regulatory / inflammatory

Cytokines (eg. interleukins, interferons, tumour necrosis factors)
Chemokines
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc. (products of arachidonic acid)
Histamine

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Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Mast cells Monocytes/ Macrophages Dendritic cells NK cells CD8+ Tc lymphocytes CD4+ Th lymphocytes B lymphocytes Myeloid Lymphoid PMN/ Granulocytes Mononuclear cells Innate Adaptive

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PRR PRR PAMP PAMP eg. eg. macrophages macrophages

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Antigen Antigen receptor receptor Antigen Antigen eg. eg. B lymphocytes B lymphocytes

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Stages of a primary immune response.

1) Epithelial barrier. 2) Immediate local response (innate): complement proteins macrophages 3) Early induced response (innate/ inflammatory): inflammatory mediators from complement, macrophages, mast cells - attract leucocytes and serum proteins (more complement)

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4) Later adaptive response: antigen carriage by dendritic cells to lymphoid tissue activation of specific T and B lymphocytes and Ab production recirculation to site of infection Following primary infection:

Memory T and B cells give faster and bigger responses
n second exposure to the same infection (in stage 4 above).

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Allergic rhinitis - Allergic rhinitis - eg eg. . hayfever hayfever

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Contact dermatitis - Contact dermatitis - eg

eg. nickel allergy

. nickel allergy

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Autoimmune Autoimmune thyroiditis thyroiditis

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Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

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