How the body How the body responds to responds to infection - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 17, 2024 •201 likes •438 views

How the body How the body responds to responds to infection infection Primary lymphoid organs Infectious agents Infectious agents Viruses Viruses Bacteria Bacteria Fungi Fungi Protozoa Protozoa Worms Worms Neutrophils

How the body How the body responds to responds to infection infection
Primary lymphoid organs
Infectious agents Infectious agents • Viruses Viruses • Bacteria Bacteria • Fungi Fungi • Protozoa Protozoa • Worms Worms
Neutrophils Eosinophils PMN/ Basophils Granulocytes Mast cells Myeloid Monocytes/ Macrophages Dendritic cells Mononuclear cells NK cells Lymphoid CD8 + Tc lymphocytes CD4 + Th lymphocytes B lymphocytes
Anti-microbial • Antibodies / immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) • Pentraxins (eg. C-reactive protein) • Collectins (eg. mannan-binding lectin) • Complement proteins • Defensins • Lytic enzymes • Interferons • Cytotoxins (perforins, granzymes) Regulatory / inflammatory • Cytokines (eg. interleukins, interferons, tumour necrosis factors) • Chemokines • Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc. (products of arachidonic acid) • Histamine
Neutrophils Eosinophils PMN/ Basophils Granulocytes Mast cells Myeloid Innate Monocytes/ Macrophages Dendritic cells Mononuclear cells NK cells Lymphoid CD8 + Tc lymphocytes CD4 + Th lymphocytes Adaptive B lymphocytes
eg. eg. macrophages macrophages PRR PRR PAMP PAMP
eg. eg. Antigen Antigen B lymphocytes B lymphocytes receptor receptor Antigen Antigen
Stages of a primary immune response. 1) Epithelial barrier. 2) Immediate local response (innate): complement proteins macrophages 3) Early induced response (innate/ inflammatory): inflammatory mediators from complement, macrophages, mast cells - attract leucocytes and serum proteins (more complement)
4) Later adaptive response: antigen carriage by dendritic cells to lymphoid tissue activation of specific T and B lymphocytes and Ab production recirculation to site of infection Following primary infection: - Memory T and B cells give faster and bigger responses on second exposure to the same infection (in stage 4 above).
Allergic rhinitis - Allergic rhinitis - eg eg. . hayfever hayfever
Contact dermatitis - Contact dermatitis - eg eg. nickel allergy . nickel allergy
Autoimmune Autoimmune thyroiditis thyroiditis
Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

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