How ICT is used in On- -line Education School of China line - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How ICT is used in On How ICT is used in On-

• line Education School of China

line Education School of China University: University: Results of the Surveys about China Higher Education Results of the Surveys about China Higher Education

• Dr. Guodong Zhao
• Dr. Guodong Zhao

Department of Educational Technology, Peking University, Department of Educational Technology, Peking University, Beijing Beijing Tel: 86 Tel: 86-

• 10

10-

• 62755991,

62755991, gdzhao@gse.pku.edu.cn gdzhao@gse.pku.edu.cn http://www.gse.pku.edu.cn http://www.gse.pku.edu.cn

Contents Contents

• 1. Background of ICT in China Higher
• 1. Background of ICT in China Higher

Education Education

• 2. Prototype of ICT use in China
• 2. Prototype of ICT use in China

University: On University: On-

• line Education School

line Education School (OES) (OES)

• 3. Some Problems of ICT Use in OES
• 3. Some Problems of ICT Use in OES

• 1. Background of ICT in China
• 1. Background of ICT in China

Higher Education Higher Education

• The ICT implement in China higher education

The ICT implement in China higher education started from 1994. started from 1994. China Education & China Education & Research network Research network (CERNET) (CERNET)

• At the beginning, CERNET developed rather

At the beginning, CERNET developed rather slowly slowly

• I

In 1999, the rapid expanding of China higher n 1999, the rapid expanding of China higher education: policy of from Elite Higher education: policy of from Elite Higher Education to Mass Higher Education, the Education to Mass Higher Education, the increase of new students. increase of new students.

• It directly results to the development of ICT use

It directly results to the development of ICT use in universities and colleges around the China. in universities and colleges around the China.

The Development of CERNET The Development of CERNET

Year Total Amount of Higher Institutions that have Campus Network and Connected to CERNET Percentage of China Higher Institutions (%) Total Amount of Users in CERNET （Ten Thousand） 1994 10 0.9 0.2 1995 108 10.2 3 1996 200 18.9 8 1997 344 32.6 20 1998 450 39.1 80 1999 550 53.8 200 2000 800 74.6 500 2001 895 83.5 747 2002 932 92.1 800

ICT Infrastructure of China ICT Infrastructure of China Universities and Colleges (2002) Universities and Colleges (2002)

The Conditions of ICT Facilities in China Higher Institutions (%) All Institutions Ministry University & College Province University & College Community College Percentage of Faculty Offices Connected to Network (%) 81.6 84.9 81.0 81.1 Percentage of Classrooms Connected to Network (%) 41.1 40.9 41.8 39.3 Percentage of Classrooms with Fixed LCD Projector (%) 19.2 20.3 21.0 13.0 Percentage of Student Dormitories Connected to Network (%) 36.0 47.5 35.1 32.4 Percentage of Institutions had Wireless LAN (%) 3.6 4.2 3.0 1.3

The Appearance of On The Appearance of On-

• line

line Education School (OES) Education School (OES)

• In 1999, with the authorization of MOE,

In 1999, with the authorization of MOE, four China universities founded the first four China universities founded the first group of OES and began recruiting group of OES and began recruiting students at the same year. students at the same year.

• I

In the first two years, n the first two years, th the OES can recruit e OES can recruit the students just graduated from high the students just graduated from high schools.

• schools. B

But from 2002, the MOE limited ut from 2002, the MOE limited the enrollment scope of OES in adult the enrollment scope of OES in adult students. students.

The Development of OES from The Development of OES from 1999 to 2002 1999 to 2002

Year The Number China Universities that Founded OES The Total Amount of Enrollment Student in OES （Ten Thousand） 1999 4 0.5 2000 31 4 2001 45 23 2002 67 60

• 2. Prototype of ICT use in China University:
• 2. Prototype of ICT use in China University:

On On-

• line Education School (OES)

line Education School (OES)

• (1) Introduction to the OES

(1) Introduction to the OES

• (2) How does the OES use ICT in

(2) How does the OES use ICT in instruction process? instruction process?

Introduction to Introduction to OES OES

• The On

The On-

• line Education School (OES), is a

line Education School (OES), is a special separate organization in some China special separate organization in some China universities: universities:

• It is responsible for instruction activities of all

It is responsible for instruction activities of all subjects of the university by use of ICT means, subjects of the university by use of ICT means,

• The OES students need not come to campus for

The OES students need not come to campus for study, they can study at home or at local learning study, they can study at home or at local learning center scattered in various cities. center scattered in various cities.

• Most of the OSE have the right to recruit students

Most of the OSE have the right to recruit students and issue special diploma. and issue special diploma.

Learning Center Outsides Campus Learning Center Outsides Campus (LCOC) (LCOC)

• On

On-

• line education means to transmit teaching by

line education means to transmit teaching by network to the OES students around various regions. network to the OES students around various regions. However, the Internet in most of China regions is not However, the Internet in most of China regions is not good enough to support the on good enough to support the on-

• line learning, the cost of

line learning, the cost of linked to Internet is high, some students even have not linked to Internet is high, some students even have not their own computers. their own computers.

• To solve those problems, the OESs have to set up

To solve those problems, the OESs have to set up Learning Center Outsides Campus (LCOC). Learning Center Outsides Campus (LCOC).

• The responsibility of LCOC:

The responsibility of LCOC:

• Enroll new students for the OES in local area,

Enroll new students for the OES in local area,

• manage students and organize test

manage students and organize test

• Provide network and computer classroom for local OES

Provide network and computer classroom for local OES students students

The LCOC Number of Different OESs The LCOC Number of Different OESs

The Percentage of OESs (%) The Number of LCOCs Founded by OESs in Different Regions 14.2 1-20 16.1 21-50 23.7 51-80 31.8 81-100 14.2 Above 100

(2) How does the OES use ICT (2) How does the OES use ICT in instruction process? in instruction process?

ICT Use in OES ICT Use in OES

• The whole instructional process of On

The whole instructional process of On-

• line

line Education School consists of two parts: ICT Education School consists of two parts: ICT mode and traditional mode. mode and traditional mode.

• (1) ICT mode includes:

(1) ICT mode includes:

• Internet

Internet-

• related tools (such as CMS, e

related tools (such as CMS, e-

• mail)

mail)

• Satellite

Satellite-

• related tools (TV, IP broadcast)

related tools (TV, IP broadcast)

• (2) traditional mode includes:

(2) traditional mode includes:

• Face

Face-

• to

to-

• face instruction

face instruction

• Concentrated exam

Concentrated exam

The Whole Instruction Process of OES The Whole Instruction Process of OES

(Example of OES in Peking University) (Example of OES in Peking University)

Courseware Used in OES Courseware Used in OES

The Instruction methods used in OES The Instruction methods used in OES

Teaching Tools Used in OES of China Universities Percentage of OES using the Teaching Tool (%) Curriculum Management System 100 One-way Video Conference System 89.8 Two-way Video Conference System 84.2 Text-only Courseware 100 Stream Media Courseware 92.5 E-mail 100 Chat Room 96.2 BBS 100 Two-way Satellite TV Communication 5.3 One-way Satellite TV Communication 8.1 CD-ROM (Courseware) 94.3 Telephone, Fax 100 Face-to-face Instruction 100 Concentrated Exam 100 Traditional methods LCOC Others Satellite TV Communication Web Courseware Video Conference System Internet ICT Tools

Use Frequency of ICT Mode in OES Use Frequency of ICT Mode in OES

• The ICT mode occupies more teaching time than

The ICT mode occupies more teaching time than traditional methods in the majority of OESs. But among traditional methods in the majority of OESs. But among Internet Internet-

• based ICT tools, their use frequency is

based ICT tools, their use frequency is different greatly each other: different greatly each other:

• the courseware, E

the courseware, E-

• mail, and CD

mail, and CD-

• ROM belong to the tools that

ROM belong to the tools that used most frequently in instruction process used most frequently in instruction process

• Next is Curriculum Management System (CMS), BBS, and

Next is Curriculum Management System (CMS), BBS, and chat room chat room

• video conference system (VCS) is the tool that use least in on

video conference system (VCS) is the tool that use least in on-

• line instruction process

line instruction process

• percentage of OESs that using satellite

percentage of OESs that using satellite-

• related ICT tools is

related ICT tools is very low very low

Use Frequency of Traditional Methods in OES Use Frequency of Traditional Methods in OES

• The time and frequency of such

The time and frequency of such traditional teaching methods as face traditional teaching methods as face-

• to

to-

• face instruction and concentrated exam is

face instruction and concentrated exam is very less than that of ICT: very less than that of ICT:

• the face

the face-

• to

to-

• face instruction is used only one

face instruction is used only one time a semester time a semester

• LCOCs will be responsible for the

LCOCs will be responsible for the implement of exams once a semester implement of exams once a semester

• 3. Some Problems in ICT Use in OES
• 3. Some Problems in ICT Use in OES

(1) Teachers` Attitude to ICT Use in OES (1) Teachers` Attitude to ICT Use in OES

• The survey shows, some university teachers do not like

The survey shows, some university teachers do not like to use ICT facilities in their teaching, whatever in to use ICT facilities in their teaching, whatever in traditional classroom or in OES. traditional classroom or in OES.

• “

“It takes me much more time to prepare the lesson than before It takes me much more time to prepare the lesson than before” ”

• “

“Though I take more efforts in OES teaching than ordinary Though I take more efforts in OES teaching than ordinary students on campus, I do not know if they can learn as good as students on campus, I do not know if they can learn as good as the latter. the latter.” ”

• The size of OES class:

The size of OES class:

• The amount in one class even comes to two hundred or three

The amount in one class even comes to two hundred or three hundred students hundred students

• the teacher actually can not provide effective supervision for

the teacher actually can not provide effective supervision for all students all students

(2) The Criterion of CMS and Digital Resources (2) The Criterion of CMS and Digital Resources

• There is no a uniform technical criterion in the

There is no a uniform technical criterion in the CMS and courseware in many OESs CMS and courseware in many OESs

• The courseware developed by various OESs is

The courseware developed by various OESs is different each other in data standard different each other in data standard

• The courseware produced by one OES based on

The courseware produced by one OES based on its CMS can not be used in another OES CMS, its CMS can not be used in another OES CMS, which results in enormous waste of time and which results in enormous waste of time and money money

Thank you for your time Thank you for your time

Guodong Zhao Guodong Zhao gdzhao@gse.pku.edu.cn gdzhao@gse.pku.edu.cn