How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical Laboratory Acknowledgement: Chirag, Omkar, NCL Academy

Contents � Giant molecules and their applications � Unusual flow behaviour � Solids, liquids and…. � Wiggling motions

Giant molecules H H H H Polymers OR n C C C C Macromolecules n H H X X

Giant molecules Molecular size ( Å) Molecule Molecular weight (g/mol) H 2 2 1.5 O 2 32 3.0 CO 2 44 3.3 Ethylene 28 1.7 Benzene 78 2.8 Fullerene C 60 720 10 Polyethylene 50,000 – 5,000,000 100 Silk 400,000 100 DNA >10 6 7300

Long chains? � Proposed the concept of polymers in 1920. � Colloidal chemists rejected the idea. Hermann Staudinger 1881-1965 Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1953. � � Rightfully called the father of polymer chemistry.

Can we live without them ?

Why are they so popular? � Excellent properties � Easy to shape into products � Cheap � Reusable � Good service life � ….. We consumed 7 million tons in 2008 !! (Mutha et al, 2006)

How are they shaped? heating flowing Plastics Melt Shaping

How are they shaped?

Flow behaviour demos… � Rod climbing � Extrudate swell � Melt fracture � Filament stretching � Dilatency and yield stress

Is this solid or liquid?

Solids (Elastic) � Recovery (memory) � Energy storage = − F k x � Hooke’s law Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Homework: Can you render water elastic?

Molecular origin of elasticity Bond stretching Bond rotation Enthalpic Entropic

Molecular origin of elasticity 0.4 probability distribution R 0.3 N steps 3 k T 0.2 = b B F R 2 Nb 0.1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 R

Liquids (Viscous) � Zero recovery (no memory) � Energy dissipation dv = − η F A � Newton’s law dy Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727

Viscoelasticity James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879 � Fading memory � Short time elastic, long time viscous λ = � “Mountains flow before the Lord” De t p

Wiggling in solutions Robert Brown 1773-1858

Wiggling in solutions Rouse, P.E. Jr., 1953 ζ 2 b λ ≈ 2 N k T B Plucked string of a guitar

Wiggling in melts Pierre de Gennes 1932-2007 2 k T L = λ = 3 B D ~ N ζ c N D bead c

Why are wiggling motions important? � Choosing the right polymer for an application. � Choosing the right equipment for a polymer. � Influence on solidification processes. � Biological processes.

THANK YOU!

Rod climbing

Extrudate swell

Melt fracture

Filament stretching

How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical Laboratory Acknowledgement: Chirag, Omkar, NCL Academy Contents Giant molecules and their applications Unusual flow behaviour Solids, liquids and. Wiggling motions

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