How are MPAs effectively managed and monitored? ferdinando boero - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How are MPAs effectively managed and monitored?

ferdinando boero University of Salento, CNR-ISMAR

MPAs protect beauty

• MPAs are designated where

iconic habitats or species

• ccur
• Choices are based on

patterns of biodiversity distribution

• The processes that allow for

the persistence of biodiversity hot spots are not considered… they should!

Hence: from single MPAs to MPA networks CONNECTIVITY REPRESENTATIVITY ADEQUACY MANAGEMENT

The world Ocean is highly connected, but it can be divided into volumes that are more connected within their boundaries than they are with neighboring ones From physics to ecology: the Cells of Ecosystem Functioning

The protection of MPAs is effective if they comprise both patterns (biodiversity) and processes (ecosystem functioning)

MPA networks must be nested into Cells of Ecosystem Functioning

The MSFD prescribes that GES is achieved by 2020 in all EU waters: GES is measured with biodiversity and ecosystem functioning!

biodiversity

GES is the objective of MPA networks. What else? MPAs are the sensors of GES. Their networks are the tools to obtain GES through proper management, uniting ICZM, MSP… you name it!

aliens fish networks eutrophic bottom hydrology contaminants litter energy

Upgrade current observing systems

• Physics chemistry and

biogeochemistry are important but not enough.

• BEF variables must be

added to current

• bserving systems
• MPAs are the ideal

nodes of these

• bserving systems

THE HORRENDOGRAM OF BUREAUCRATIC MEASURES

NATURE DOES NOT CARE OF THIS STUFF

MPAs: what are we talking about?

• For the EU MPAs are the Sites of Community Importance

designated by the application of the Habitats Directive (by the way, the HD covers only the benthos), making up the Natura 2000 network

• For the single states, MPAs are usually nationally designated Marine

Protected Areas, and they do not necessarily coincide with SCIs

• If I am in the Italian Ministry of the Environment MPAs are nationally

designated ones

• If I am in DG Environment, MPAs are Natura 2000 Sites!
• MPAs are managed by the state, SCI are managed by the regions!

CONSISTENCY

• We cannot adopt several ways of protecting, managing and

exploiting the same marine volumes (ICZM, MSP, MPAs, MPA networks, SCI Networks, Other Effective Conservation Measures) the MSFD is adopted in different fashions by EU states

• CEFs are the spatial units of management and conservation, and

must be managed consistently

• MPAs have a great role to play in the MSFD and GES
• The expertise to analyze BEF is missing, and also automated

systems

• Can you name a single MPA where a complete biodiversity

inventory has been made?

• Lots of space for innovation

holistic and integrated…