Himawari-8 current applications and future development Hiroshi - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

WSN16@CUHK Himawari-8 current applications and future development Hiroshi SUZUE and Yasuhiko SUMIDA Meteorological Satellite Center Japan Meteorological Agency

MSC/ JMA Outline  Overview of Himawari-8/ 9 AHI and its products  Improved Resolutions  Advantages of High Observation Frequency  Operational Products developed at MSC/JMA  Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area (RDCA)  Algorithm  Case Studies  Future Plans  Summary 27 July 2016 2

MSC/ JMA Outline  Overview of Himawari-8/ 9 and their products  Improved Resolutions  Advantages of High Observation Frequency  Operational Products developed at MSC/JMA  Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area  Algorithm  Case Studies  Future Plans  Summary 27 July 2016 3

Himawari-8 began operation at 02:00 UTC on 7 th July 2015. 4 27 July 2016

MSC/ JMA Outline of Himawari-8/9 Geostationary Around 140.7 ° E position Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) communication antennas Attitude control 3-axis attitude-controlled geostationary satellite 1) Raw observation data transmission Ka-band, 18.1 - 18.4 GHz (downlink) 2) DCS International channel 402.0 - 402.1 MHz (uplink) Domestic channel Communication 402.1 - 402.4 MHz (uplink) Transmission to ground segments Ka-band, 18.1 - 18.4 GHz (downlink) 3) Telemetry and command solar panel Ku-band, 12.2 - 12.75 GHz (downlink) 13.75 - 14.5 GHz (uplink) Himawari-8 began operation on 7 July 2015, replacing the previous MTSAT-2 operational satellite 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 operation standby MTSAT-1R MTSAT-2 standby operation standby manufacture launch operation standby Himaw mawari-8 a package manufacture launch operation standby Himaw mawari-9 standby purchase 27 July 2016 5

MSC/ JMA Improved Resolutions Spatial Spectral 1 band 3 bands At sub-satellite point VIS VIS VIS 1 km VIS 0.5/1 km IR 4 km IR 2 km MTSAT-1 R/ 2 Him aw ari-8 / 9 R G B Tem poral 3 bands NIR Observation Frequency 4 bands 10 bands IR IR full-disk obs. 16 bands 5 bands MTSAT-1 R/ 2 Him aw ari-8 / 9 MTSAT-1 R/ 2 Him aw ari-8 / 9 27 July 2016 6

MSC/ JMA Spectral Bands Him aw ari-8 / 9 I m ager ( AHI ) cf. Spatial Central Band Physical Properties MTSAT-2 Resolution W avelength Bands 0.47 μ m 1 vegetation, aerosol 1 km 0.51 μ m 3 Visible Bands 2 Visible vegetation, aerosol VIS 0.64 μ m 3 0.5 km low cloud, fog 0.68 μ m 0.86 μ m 4 1 km vegetation, aerosol Addition of NIR Near 1.6 μ m 5 cloud phase Infrared Bands 2 km 2.3 μ m 6 particle size IR4 3.9 μ m 7 low cloud, fog, forest fire 3.7 μ m 6.2 μ m 8 mid- and upper-level moisture IR3 Increase of WV 6.9 μ m 9 mid-level moisture 6.8 μ m Bands 7.3 μ m 1 0 mid- and lower-level moisture 8.6 μ m 1 1 cloud phase, SO2 Infrared 2 km 9.6 μ m 1 2 ozone content IR1 10.4 μ m 1 3 cloud imagery, information of cloud top Increase of TIR 10.8 μ m Bands 11.2 μ m 1 4 cloud imagery, sea surface temperature IR2 12.4 μ m 1 5 cloud imagery, sea surface temperature 12.0 μ m 13.3 μ m 1 6 cloud top height 27 July 2016 7

MSC/ JMA More Flexible Regional Observation  Several types of regional observations can be performed during 10 minutes of full-disk observation. Full-disk observation (10 min.) Full-disk Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4,5 Observation (NE Japan) (SW Japan) (Target) (Landmark) Interval 10 min. 2.5 min. 2.5 min. 2.5 min. 0.5 min. 27 July 2016 8

MSC/ JMA Observation modes and intervals Visible band July 9-10, 2015 True Color RGB Targeted Area obs. 2.5 min. Japan & Vicinity Obs . 2.5 min. Full Disk Obs. 10 min. 27 July 2016 9 Visible band

MSC/ JMA Himawari-8 Level-2/3 Products 27 July 2016 10

MSC/ JMA Fundamental Cloud Product  Basically referring to the NWC-SAF’s ATBDs for MSG/ SEVIRI  Adapted to AHI by JMA (in-house codes at JMA)  For other AHI Level-2/ 3 products developed at MSC/ JMA Cloud Mask, Cloud Phase/Type, Derived parameters Cloud Top Height (Including Top Press. and Top Temp.) Projection Normalized Geostationary Projection (same as HSD) Spatial resolution 2km@SSP (same as HSD for infrared bands) Temporal resolution Hourly Cloud Mask Cloud Phase Cloud Type Cloud Top Height Ice Water Mixed Opaque Fractional Semi- 0 25,400 [m] transparent 27 July 2016

MSC/ JMA High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information(HCAI)  Produced from FCP via projection conversion  Reproduced Cloud Type for cloud monitoring  Provided to foreign NMHSs as well as domestic users Derived parameters Cloud Mask, Cloud Type, Cloud Top Height, Snow Ice Mask Projection Lon/Lat grid Spatial resolution 0.02 degree x 0.02 degree Temporal resolution Hourly Cloud Type Cloud Top Height Snow Ice Mask Cloud Mask 12

MSC/ JMA Clear Sky Radiances (CSRs)  Area averaged clear sky radiance and brightness temperature  Provided to NWP users  Specifications: All IR bands (3.9, 6.2, 6.9, 7.3, 8.6, 9.6, 10.4, 11.2, 12.4, 13.3 μm ) • • Full disk, Hourly produced • Spatial resolution (size of area for averaging): 16 x 16 pixel (IR) (32 x 32 km @SSP) Band #9 (6.9 um) Band #10 (7.3 um) Band #8 (6.2 um) [K] 0300 UTC 20 April 2015 27 July 2016 13

MSC/ JMA Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs)  A new algorithm was developed for AMVs detection based on an optimal estimation method  Provided to NWP users MTSAT-2 AMVs (QI > 60) Himawari-8 AMVs (QI > 60) Resolution Resolution 2km/10min. 4km/30min. Resolution 4km/60min. Colder color : upper level wind 1700 UTC 14 Jan. 2015 Warmer color : lower level wind 27 July 2016 14

Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area MSC/ JMA Himaw awari ari-8 I Ima mage gery JM JMA’s W Wea eather R Rad adar S Syste tem Co Conv nvective Clo Cloud Inform format ation JM JMA’s L Lightn tning D Dete etecti tion N Netw etwork （ LIDEN EN ） Cb Cb Cloud uds 2014 HIMAWARI-8 Rapi pidl dly ▲ :Cloud d - Clo Cloud Devel De velop oped ed × :Cloud d - Ground Unknown own 2016 HIMAWARI-9

MSC/ JMA Outline  Overview of Himawari-8/ 9 and their products  Improved Resolutions  Advantages of High Observation Frequency  Operational Products developed at MSC/JMA  Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area  Algorithm  Case Studies  Future Plans  Summary 27 July 2016 16

MSC/ JMA Developing Cumulus and Radar Echo 積乱雲の発達 ( 模式図 ) Developing of Cumulus (model) height ← heavy rain area 高度 気象レーダー 10km of Met. Radar 探知可能強雨域 5km 20 分 10 分 15 分 0 分 25 分 30 分 15 min 20 min 25 min 30 min 時間 ( 分 ) 0 min 10 min time Chisholm, A. J. and Renick, J. H. (1972) [traced and added] 3min 3min If we can detect cumulus that is growing rapidly, Prepare for we get to know thunderstorm coming earlier thunderstorm! than the radar ! 27 July 2016 17

MSC/ JMA RDCA Product Convective Cloud Information Cumulonimbus Rapidly Developing Cumulus Mid/Low cloud unknown 27 July 2016 18

MSC/ JMA RDCA Product Cumulonimbus Rapidly Developing Area Mid/Low cloud Cumulus Area unknown Area  Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area (RDCA)  Developing cumulous  Current/Future disturbance is expected  Cumulonimbus Area ？  A round top, except for anvil cirrus  Strong upward flow is expected  Mid/Low Cloud Unknown Area  Anvil cirrus  Anvil cirrus hides clouds below 27 July 2016 19

MSC/ JMA Concept of RDCA Detection Cloud Height After 5 min. Cloud top adjacent Developing cumulus → • Cloud top is higher Brightness temperature is getting low. • Roughness of cloud top increases Contrast between light and dark is getting clear. e.g. Difference of reflective intensity is increasing in visible image. • Cloud microphysical parameters change Ice particles are produced near cloud top 27 July 2016 20

MSC/ JMA RDCA : Decision Process Logistic Regression Model 1 = p     ∑ + −  +    1 exp a a i x 0 i     i Probability ility Detec ection on Three c ee cla lass p parameters; （ forec orecast ） paramet eter ers ○ :<25 250K 0K, ○ :250~2 250~273 73.15 15K, ○ :>273 >273.15 15K (13. Jul. 2011 ) lightning obs. [num/area ] The correlation between lightning and regression Actual Probability Coefficients a i are determined by the “p” logi gist stic regr gress ession on m model when lightning occurs within 60 minutes after observed variable x i . develop lopin ing Predicted Probability p => High “P” area is decided as RDCA 27 July 2016 21

MSC/ JMA  RDCA detection parameters Detection Parameter Main Objective Only B03(0.64 μ m):Max-Ave.* 2 day time B03:Standad Deviation* 2 Cloud Top Roughness Detection B13(10.4 μ m):Min.-Ave. B13:Standard Deviation One Scene B16(13.3 μ m)-B13 Parameters B08(6.2 μ m)-B13 Ice Cloud Detection B15(12.4 μ m)-B13 New B11(8.6μm) -B13 Water Vapor Detection above B10(7.3μm) -B08 Cloud Top Only Temporal Variation of day time B03 Average Value* 2 Developing Cloud Detection Temporal Variation of Time Change B13 Average Value Parameters Temporal Variation of B11-B13 Average Value Developing Ice Particle New Temporal Variation of Detection B15-B13 Average Value 27 July 2016 22