[PPT] - Higgs to Fermions @ Jacobo Konigsberg, U. of Florida, June/2/14 PowerPoint Presentation

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Higgs to Fermions @

Jacobo Konigsberg, U. of Florida, June/2/14

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Outline

Intro Higgs and Fermions Processes studied at CMS Analysis overview Results Conclusions and perspective

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Higgs & Fermions

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To generate particle masses in an SU(2)×U(1) gauge invariant way: introduce a doublet of scalar fields Φ=(Φ+

Φ0 ) with 0|Φ0|0 ̸= 0

LS =DµΦ†DµΦ−µ2Φ†Φ−λ(Φ†Φ)2 v = (−µ2/λ)1/2 = 246 GeV ⇒ three d.o.f. for MW± and MZ

For fermion masses, use same Φ:

LYuk=−fe(¯ e, ¯ ν)LΦeR + ...

The residual degree corresponds to the spin–zero Higgs particle, H.

The Higgs boson: JPC = 0++ quantum numbers.
Masses and self–couplings from V : M2

H =2λv2, gH3 = 3 M2

H

v , ...

Higgs couplings ∝ particle masses: gHff = mf

v , gHVV = 2 M2

V

v

Since v is known, the only free parameter in the SM is MH (or λ).

Padova 4/05/2011 The Higgs: status and perspectives – A. Djouadi – p.2/27

We know a lot about the new H boson From its decays into ữ’s, Z’s & W’s Couples to mass as expected from SM Higgs Spin/parity checks consistent with JP = 0+ Same particle mass in decays to ữ’s and Z’s

> An important open question is whether the [same] new particle also couples to fermions, and in particular to down-type fermions, since the current measurements mainly constrain the couplings to the up-type top quark. > The determination of the couplings to down-type fermions requires direct measurement of the corresponding Higgs boson decays.

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H production and decay

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LHC

Production

t t t H

q q V H V

W q H q _ , Z q t _ t q _ H

Gluon fusion 87% Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) 7% Associated VH 6% ttH 0.6%

Decay

BR(h--> mu mu) =2.2 × 10−4

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H production and decay

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LHC

Production

t t t H

q q V H V

W q H q _ , Z q t _ t q _ H

Gluon fusion 87% Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) 7% Associated VH 6% ttH 0.6%

Decay

Fermion couplings Boson couplings

BR(h--> mu mu) =2.2 × 10−4

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H production and decay

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LHC

Production

t t t H

q q V H V

W q H q _ , Z q t _ t q _ H

Gluon fusion 87% Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) 7% Associated VH 6% ttH 0.6%

Decay

Substantial BR to bb &

ττ

Fermion couplings Boson couplings

BR(h--> mu mu) =2.2 × 10−4

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Indirect H-fermions evidence

The observation of H=> at SM rate is already strong evidence for Higgs playing the right role vis-a-vis [some] fermions

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γγ

Higgs-top couplings in production and decay loops

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Direct Higgs-fermion processes studied

6 https:/ /twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMSPublic/PhysicsResultsHIG

decay

untagged / ggH VH ttH VBF BSM

bb

ττ

μμ ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎

i.e. with public results at:

✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎

testing t-H coupling

✔︎

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+VBF-tag

Many sub-channels

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Example Summer 2013 - more added over time

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Challenges for Fermion Channels

8 Object reconstruction b-jets and hadronic tau ID Signal vs. background small S => no channel left behind large backgrounds to understand well derived from data if possible use of standard candles Analysis toolbox to optimize sensitivity different tags, sub-channels, split phase-space, MVA’s Mff reconstruction precise calibrations, MVA

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Challenges for Fermion Channels

8 Object reconstruction b-jets and hadronic tau ID Signal vs. background small S => no channel left behind large backgrounds to understand well derived from data if possible use of standard candles Analysis toolbox to optimize sensitivity different tags, sub-channels, split phase-space, MVA’s Mff reconstruction precise calibrations, MVA

SM Higgs Analyses

Sensitivity Detector Resolution WW ! ! ! bb

1% 10% 20%

Thr γγ

ττ

Mass resolution vs sensitivity

μμ

J. Olsen+

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H => bb

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μ μ b b BR ~ 58%

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H => bb

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μ μ b b BR ~ 58%

BUT QCD bb production is >107 bigger than Higgs production so ggH(bb) is out !

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VH(bb)

10 PRD 89 (2014) 012033 Most sensitive signature

ZH/WH with Z(ll,νν)/W(lν)

Advantages

Largest Higgs BR Direct coupling to down quark sector

Challenge

Poor S/B

Key in analysis

Sensitivity through boosted H/V B-tagging Improve bb mass resolution (~10%) Measure VZ(bb) ! Multi-variate analysis

Backgrounds

top, V+jets, V+HF, dibosons, QCD

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VH(bb)

10 PRD 89 (2014) 012033 Most sensitive signature

ZH/WH with Z(ll,νν)/W(lν)

Advantages

Largest Higgs BR Direct coupling to down quark sector

Challenge

Poor S/B

Key in analysis

Sensitivity through boosted H/V B-tagging Improve bb mass resolution (~10%) Measure VZ(bb) ! Multi-variate analysis

Backgrounds

top, V+jets, V+HF, dibosons, QCD

VZ(bb) cross-section measured as SM w/ 6-sigma significance

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11

VH(bb)

expected and obs. significance = 2.1 σ

μ = 1.0 +- 0.5

MVA Most sensitive signature

ZH/WH with Z(ll,νν)/W(lν)

Advantages

Largest Higgs BR Direct coupling to down quark sector

Challenge

Poor S/B

Key in analysis

Sensitivity through boosted H/V B-tagging Improve bb mass resolution (~10%) Measure VZ(bb) ! Multi-variate analysis

Backgrounds

top, V+jets, V+HF, dibosons, QCD

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Less sensitive Hbb search

12

33"

VBF$H$$bb$

Fully$hadronic$final$stat$(b$jets),$dominated$ by$QCD$background.$ $ Increase$signal$sensiBvity$spliEng$the$ sample$in$4$categories$(NN).$ $ Use$mbb$distribuBon$to$discriminate$signal$ from$background.$

Observed$limit$3.6$SM$ (expected$3$SM)$at$125$GeV$

Pablo ¡García-‑Abia, ¡LHCP ¡2013 ¡

HIG-13-011

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H => ττ

13 VBF candidate with H=>τ(h)τ(μ)

τμ τh

jet jet

NEW: Evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons: arXiv:1401.5041 arXiv:1401.5041, accepted by JHEP

BR ~ 6%

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H => ττ

Channels

H=>ττ (with τh and leptonic decays) All tags: ggF, VBF, VH, ttH

Advantages

Test down-type f couplings w/ H=>bb A direct H=>leptons probe

Challenge

Small S Control τh ID Reconstruct ττ mass (use MVA)

Key in analysis

Can calibrate with Z=>ττ Split by Nj, pT(j) and VBF

Backgrounds

Z=>ττ, QCD

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µτ, eτ, eµ, µµ, ee, ττ

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H => ττ

Channels

H=>ττ (with τh and leptonic decays) All tags: ggF, VBF, VH, ttH

Advantages

Test down-type f couplings w/ H=>bb A direct H=>leptons probe

Challenge

Small S Control τh ID Reconstruct ττ mass (use MVA)

Key in analysis

Can calibrate with Z=>ττ Split by Nj, pT(j) and VBF

Backgrounds

Z=>ττ, QCD

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µτ, eτ, eµ, µµ, ee, ττ

mττ mττ

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H => ττ

Channels

H=>ττ (with τh and leptonic decays) All tags: ggF, VBF, VH, ttH

Advantages

Test down-type f couplings w/ H=>bb A direct H=>leptons probe

Challenge

Small S Control τh ID Reconstruct ττ mass (use MVA)

Key in analysis

Can calibrate with Z=>ττ Split by Nj, pT(j) and VBF

Backgrounds

Z=>ττ, QCD

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µτ, eτ, eµ, µµ, ee, ττ

bserved (expected) signif. = 3.2 (3.7) σ

μ = 0.78 +- 0.27

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Evidence for H=>fermions [ττ & bb]

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CMS-HIG-13-033, accepted by Nature

In this paper we report the combination of these two channels which results, for the first time, in strong evidence for the direct coupling of the 125-GeV Higgs boson to down-type fermions, with an observed significance of 3.8 standard deviations, when 4.4 are expected.

“Evidence for the direct decay of the 125-GeV Higgs boson to fermions”

μ = 0.83 +- 0.24

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ttH production: including bb & ττ

17 Advantages Test Higgs couplings to real top quarks Challenge Small prod x-sect Small S Very busy events Key in analysis Include many H decay modes Semileptonic & dilepton ttbar decays Split in Njets and Nb-jets Sort out association of objects to processes MVA discriminants Backgrounds ttbar, ttbar+X

coupling

Higgs nnels )

W, Z q t _ t q _ H

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ttH Results

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CMS-HIG-13-015 CMS-HIG-13-019 CMS-HIG-13-020

Observed limit: 4.3 Expected limit: 2.9 slight hint of direct H-top coupling

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H => ee, μμ ? BR(μμ) ~ 2x10-4

Main signatures lepton pairs with opposite sign #jets => GF/VBF Advantages Test second generation H-f couplngs Test new physics as SM is smaaaaall BR(H=>ee) ~2x10-5xBR(H=>mm) Challenge S/B impossibly small Good lepton ID Key in analysis Good mass reconstruction Split by tags (#jets), mass res., eta(l) Backgrounds DY, QCD fakes 19

... just limits =>H flavor non-universality vs taus

H → ee

H → µµ CMS-HIG-13-007

H?

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H => ee, μμ ? BR(μμ) ~ 2x10-4

Main signatures lepton pairs with opposite sign #jets => GF/VBF Advantages Test second generation H-f couplngs Test new physics as SM is smaaaaall BR(H=>ee) ~2x10-5xBR(H=>mm) Challenge S/B impossibly small Good lepton ID Key in analysis Good mass reconstruction Split by tags (#jets), mass res., eta(l) Backgrounds DY, QCD fakes 19

... just limits =>H flavor non-universality vs taus

H → ee

H → µµ CMS-HIG-13-007

H?

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H => ee, μμ ? BR(μμ) ~ 2x10-4

Main signatures lepton pairs with opposite sign #jets => GF/VBF Advantages Test second generation H-f couplngs Test new physics as SM is smaaaaall BR(H=>ee) ~2x10-5xBR(H=>mm) Challenge S/B impossibly small Good lepton ID Key in analysis Good mass reconstruction Split by tags (#jets), mass res., eta(l) Backgrounds DY, QCD fakes 19

... just limits =>H flavor non-universality vs taus

H → ee

H → µµ CMS-HIG-13-007

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Higgs mass w/ fermions

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Is it the same particle decaying to bosons and fermions?

[GeV]

H

m 110 115 120 125 130 135 ( -ln L ) Δ 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

σ 1 σ 2

Observed Expected H(125)

VHbb mBDT combination

CMS Preliminary

1

= 7 TeV, L = 5.0 fb s

1

= 8 TeV, L = 19.0 fb s

Consistent ¡w/ ¡125 ¡GeV

VH(bb)

mX ¡= ¡122+-‑7 ¡ ¡GeV

H=>ττ

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H=>ff in overal combination

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κV vs. κf couplings

qq vs gg prod.

from Summer 2013 combination

just for illustration -

(H=>tau,tau)

arXiv:1401.5041

κV vs.κf

H=> fermions contribute to the combined consistency checks of the SM couplings

See parallel session Higgs 3

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Some quick examples

f BSM Higgs

Searches with Fermions

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See Higgs parallel session #2

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MSSM Neutral Higgs

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H => bb

large exclusion Regions of MA / Tanβ

H =>ττ ττ

eµ, eτh, µτh, τhτh, µµ

HIG-13-021

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Extended Higgs Sector

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H => hh

A => Zh

h=> WW & tau,tau Z=> ll,qq,nu,nu & h=>WW,ZZ,bb,gg

Two Higgs doublet models

HIG-13-025

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NEW: Resonant Di-Higgs production

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pp => X => H(125)H(125) => γγbb

CMS-HIG-13-031

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Conclusions

26 > The CMS searches for a Higgs boson decaying into bottom quarks and τ leptons are consistent with the standard model prediction of a Yukawa structure, where the fermionic couplings are proportional to the fermion masses. > CMS presented strong evidence for the direct coupling of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to down-type fermions, with an observed (expected) significance of 3.8 (4.4) standard deviations. > This is the start of what ought to be an exciting program at the LHC - with new challenges to overcome in order to measure the Higgs fermionic couplings as precisely as possible [5-8% or so @ 3000 fb-1] - room for surprises

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Conclusions

26 > The CMS searches for a Higgs boson decaying into bottom quarks and τ leptons are consistent with the standard model prediction of a Yukawa structure, where the fermionic couplings are proportional to the fermion masses. > CMS presented strong evidence for the direct coupling of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to down-type fermions, with an observed (expected) significance of 3.8 (4.4) standard deviations. > This is the start of what ought to be an exciting program at the LHC - with new challenges to overcome in order to measure the Higgs fermionic couplings as precisely as possible [5-8% or so @ 3000 fb-1] - room for surprises

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Backup

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LHC performance

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pp collisions 2011: ~6 fb-1 @ 7 TeV 2012: ~23 fb-1 @ 8 TeV Peak instantaneous lum 7.7 x1033 cm-2 s-1 CMS Integrated luminosity recorded @ 8 TeV = 21.8 fb-1 “pileup”

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LHC performance

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pp collisions 2011: ~6 fb-1 @ 7 TeV 2012: ~23 fb-1 @ 8 TeV

Approx. 250 Higgs evts/hr

Peak instantaneous lum 7.7 x1033 cm-2 s-1 CMS Integrated luminosity recorded @ 8 TeV = 21.8 fb-1 “pileup”

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CMS

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Key: understand SM well

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W (+jets) Z (+jets)

Single Top

V! VV’! Higgs! Higgs

Amazing results over 6 orders of magnitude

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Signal strength (μ)

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μ = 0.8 ±0.14

Summer 2013 - last combination Consistency across decay modes, within uncertainties

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Signal strength (μ)

31

μ = 0.8 ±0.14

Summer 2013 - last combination Consistency across decay modes, within uncertainties

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Signal strength (μ)

31

μ = 0.8 ±0.14

Summer 2013 - last combination Consistency across decay modes, within uncertainties

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Signal strength (μ)

31

μ = 0.8 ±0.14

Summer 2013 - last combination Consistency across decay modes, within uncertainties

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Signal strength projections

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Prospects of the Higgs Sector at HL-LHC - Paolo Giacomelli TIFR, 08/01/2014

Higgs signal strength with 300 fb-1

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With 300 fb-1 the precision on the signal strength, µ = σ/σ SM, is expected to be 10-15% per channel

10 fb-1, 7 and 8 TeV (Scenario 1) 300 fb-1 , 14TeV (Scenario 1)

Extrapolation by two orders of magnitude to higher luminosity

– is subject to large uncertainties – scenarios 1 and 2 provide likely upper and lower bounds

Experience at LEP and Tevatron indicates that scaling with 1/√L is not unrealistic

Prospects of the Higgs Sector at HL-LHC - Paolo Giacomelli TIFR, 08/01/2014

Higgs signal strength with 3000 fb-1

25

With 3000 fb-1 the precision on µ is expected to be 4-8% per channel

L (fb-1)

!

H→γγ

!

H→WW

!

H→ZZ

!

H→bb

!

H→ττ

!

H→Zγ

!

H→µµ

!

H→inv.

!

300

!

[6,12]

!

[6,11]

!

[7,11]

!

[11,14]

!

[8,14]

!

[62,62]

!

[40,42]

!

[17,28]

!

3000

!

[4,8]

!

[4,7]

!

[4,7]

!

[5,7]

!

[5,8]

!

[20,24]

!

[20,24]

!

[6,17]

!

µ = σ/σ SM

10-15% uncertainty with 300 fb-1 4-8% uncertainty with 3000 fb-1

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LHC in 2015

33

Potential performance

!"#$%&'()' $"*+,%-' .$' /01' 2345%556' 1(778#9:(&'

+%*9&8('

;#8:' /01'<=>=?' 4"#6' >%9@'/"#8' 4+#AB-A56' C>87%A"D' .*:E'/"#8' 4FA56'

!"#$%# !&'(# )*)"# +)# ,*"#-!*./# 0*!1,,# !)# !2# !"#$%# 345#1678# !,!(# )*)"# +2# )*0#-)*2/# )*'1,2# 2,# 2!# "(#$%## ),.(# )*'# +)# !*,#-)*&/# )*&1,2# 31913# (*01,2# &'# 31913# 2(## :2";# "(#$%# 345#1678# )!'(# )*'# +2# )*'#-)*!/# !*!1,2# )(.# <#

'*"#=1>#
)*)#$%#?@$AB#31$C8B#
)"(#DEF%#GH484$#GBF%7A%I#JK#L#(*!#
&(#6?#97%7?31#AH4%%M%1AN4$#
;#D7O1H1$8#4G1HEN4$E3#64D13#P#AE91E8#M#@$GH491$#

!""#$%&'()*#+,,)-./&+0(#

LHCP 2013 Sergio Bertolucci CERN

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

b-tagging & b-jet energy calibration

Combined Secondary Vertex discriminator (track impact parameters and secondary vertices within jets information used) Tagging efficiency working points used b-tag: 50-75 % c-quark: 5-25% Light quark & gluons: 0.15-3% Measured in ttbar & multi-jet events

BDT regression trained on VH signal

using jet and soft-lepton variables

Improves mass resolution by 15%

and sensitivity by 10-20%

Validated in data control regions

(bbZ→ll, ttbar, single top, …) ±3%

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→ττ: mass reconstruction

Visible mass Full reconstructed mass better Z & Higgs separation Di-tau mass estimation uses visible decay products & missing ET in a maximum likelihood fit The mass resolution is ~ 10-20% depending on channel/category

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→ττ: di-τ final state reconstruction

The τh mass distribution used to control the tau energy-scale within 3% & reconstruction of decay modes

π+ π+ π+ π− π0 τ→a1 τ→r τ→p+

All di-tau final states are studied now New! τh identification: efficiency ~ 60% fake rate ~ 1% Tau reconstruction: hadron+strip Particle-flow based algorithm to reconstruct different hadronic tau decay modes

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→bb associated production

Z(→mm)H(→bb), low pT(Z) Z(→νν)H(→bb), high pT(Z)

A fit to the BDT shape gives 20% improvement over cut-and-count

Inputs include kinematics, b-tag information, angles
Categorize in different pT(V) and b-tag categories
BDT is studied in background control regions

arXiv:1310.3687

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VH(bb) Bcknd specifc BDT’s

38

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→bb associated production:

Signal strength and couplings consistent with SM expectations

arXiv:1310.3687

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→ττ: signal strength

Events split by category Events split by channel

µ = σ/σSM = 0.87 ± 0.29

HIG-13-004

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→ττ: 95% CL Upper Limits

Large excess! Compatible with a Standard Model Higgs boson signal @ 125 GeV

H→WW@125 is treated as background, motivated by the bosonic discovery H→WW is always considered at 125 GeV even at other mH HIG-13-004

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

ttH: multi-lepton search

Target ttH production in leptonic (e, µ) final states from H→tt, ZZ*,WW*

2 same-sign leptons (ee, eµ, µµ) + b-jets 3 leptons + b-jets (no resonant Z→ll) 4 leptons + b-jets (other than H→ZZ→4l, no resonant Z→ll)

Excess mainly comes from SS di-muon channel

expected: 2.4 (in absence of ttH signal) 3.5 (with SM ttH production)

bserved: 6.6

HIG-13-020 95% CL limit on µ at mH= 125 GeV

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Higgs Boson Fermionic Properties at CMS: M. Vazquez Acosta CERN-LHC Seminar, 03/12,/2013 -

H→µµ search: projections @14 TeV

Looking ahead … 5 σ discovery with ~ 1200 fb-1 @ 14 TeV Measure muon coupling with 8% precision with ~3 ab-1 @14 TeV

HIG-13-007

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NMSSM Higgs

44

NMSSM Higgs: h => 2a => 4 (CMS)

Low-mass (2"↓$ <"↓& <2"↓' ) Higgs particles decaying to highly collimated muons, dark sector particles, etc…

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Test of SM couplings

Production x decay: Can be described by 8 independent parameters

45

!(xx ! H)"BR(H ! yy) # $ xx "$ yy $TOT

Define scale factors κ as the ratio with respect to SM couplings:

(κZ)2 =

e.g.

– ΓWW) – ΓZZ) – Γbb) – Γττ) – Γγγ#(loop#induced)# – Γgg#(loop#induced)# – Γ=) – ΓTOT##(including#H##”invisible”)#

– Zγ#and#μμ#s2ll#have#too#li;le#sensi2vity#to#affect#anything#in#the#combina2on#

untagged) VBFGtag) VHGtag) =HGtag) WW) ✔# ✔# ✔# ZZ) ✔# ✔# bb) ✔# ✔# ττ) ✔# ✔# ✔# γγ) ✔# ✔# ✔#

!(xx ! H)"BR(H ! yy) # $TOT

modes contributing to coupling tests

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Framework

LHC HXSWG interim recommendations to explore the coupling structure of a Higgs-like particle: arXiv:1209.0040

46

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Summary of coupling tests

47 CMS-PAS-HIG-13-005

It couples to bosons, couples to fermions, couples the same to W &Z,

to up & down families, to leptons and quarks, no [much] new physics in loops, and no large invisible decays all as expected - within the measured uncertainties -

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Couplings vs mass ?

48 λf = κf (mf/vev) (gV/2vev)1/2 = κV1/2 (mV/vev)

Scale SM couplings by measured K plot reformulated couplings vs mass

8"independent"parameters"to#describe#all#currently# relevant#decays#and#produc2on#mechanisms:#

– ΓWW " # # # # #!"κW# – ΓZZ

" " " " " "!"κZ#

– Γ1 # # # # # #!"κt" – Γbb # # # # # #!"κb# – Γττ " " " " " "!"κτ" – Γγγ#(loop#is#resolved)# #!"κW,"κt# – Γgg"(loop#is#resolved)# #!"κt,"κb# – assume#BR(BSM)=0" – Assume#couplings#to#the#1st,#2nd,#3rd#genera2ons#are#modified# the#same#way#

=> ¡C5 ¡model ¡

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Couplings vs mass ?

48 λf = κf (mf/vev) (gV/2vev)1/2 = κV1/2 (mV/vev)

Scale SM couplings by measured K plot reformulated couplings vs mass

8"independent"parameters"to#describe#all#currently# relevant#decays#and#produc2on#mechanisms:#

– ΓWW " # # # # #!"κW# – ΓZZ

" " " " " "!"κZ#

– Γ1 # # # # # #!"κt" – Γbb # # # # # #!"κb# – Γττ " " " " " "!"κτ" – Γγγ#(loop#is#resolved)# #!"κW,"κt# – Γgg"(loop#is#resolved)# #!"κt,"κb# – assume#BR(BSM)=0" – Assume#couplings#to#the#1st,#2nd,#3rd#genera2ons#are#modified# the#same#way#

=> ¡C5 ¡model ¡

Quite a Higgs-like statement...

It ¡would ¡be ¡a ¡true ¡conspiracy ¡for ¡some ¡other ¡non-‑Higgs ¡par=cle ¡to ¡have ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡such ¡a ¡Higgs-‑like ¡rela=onship ¡between ¡masses ¡and ¡couplings