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Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors
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HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS
ALEXANDER VITKALOV
ENGRC 350
Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5
Vitkalov | Heterogeneous Multicore Processors
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HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS A LEXANDER V ITKALOV ENGRC 350 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS A LEXANDER V ITKALOV ENGRC 350 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS A LEXANDER V ITKALOV ENGRC 350 Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5 1 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS Frequency Number of cycles per second. Higher frequency generally
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INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS
More on Moore.
Some time in the next several years we get to some finite limits” – Gordon Moore, 1997 Theoretical limit to be reached by 2017.
Current Options
65nm > Increased costs Utilize parallelism Hyperthreading Dual Core Processors
Moore's Law
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
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INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS
Future Options
Multicore Heterogeneous Programmable System on Chip
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PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
Dual Core is roughly 30% faster than single core. Operates at a lower frequency. Much lower power consumption per core.
Overall Performance
5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Intel Pentium Intel Pentium D AMD Athlon FX-57 AMD Athlon X2 Intel Pentium M
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PERFORMANCE PER WATT COMPARISON
Performance advantages
- f high end are marginal
Dual Core outperforms Single Core Mobile architectures are still more efficient
Performance per Watt
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Intel Pentium Intel Pentium D AMD Athlon FX-57 AMD Athlon X2 Intel Pentium M
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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY
Heterogeneous cores can provide different levels of compatibility between the processors. More efficient designs at no expense in backward compatibility. Slower cores backward compatible cores can be combined with faster ones. Cores with different instruction sets can be combined through programmable layer that translates one into another.
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY
RISC -
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Micro Instruction Set –
Breaks RISC Instructions further into smaller pieces for faster processing
Translation Layer –
Translates One Instruction Set into another.
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: EFFICIENCY
Decreased Power Consumption
Low power processors are usually more efficient. Heterogeneous cores can provide balance between performance and power consumption.
Application Specific Instruction Sets
Higher efficiency Higher performance
Performance per Watt
50 100 150 200 250 Single Core Dual Core Quad Core
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ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: FUNCTIONALITY
Application Specific Instruction Sets
High performance cores Specialized Instruction Set for each core. Tailored for a specific application. High flexibility through software programmability. High performance at low power consumption. Multi-Media Applications.
Core Synthesis
Combination of high performance and energy efficient cores. Select cores work for a specific application. Need a sophisticated communications bus.
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FEASIBILITY
90nm
Current manufacturing process Good enough for dual core applications
65nm
Takes over 90nm in 2006 High initial costs Lower cost per chip 50% Smaller area More cores can be fit together on a die.
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WHY MULTICORE?
Performance Advantages
10X Faster Can be tailored for specific application Truly parallel execution High performance mobile solutions
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WHY MULTICORE?
Power Advantages
10X lower power consumption Enables thinner faster and lighter laptops Handtops – power of a computer on your palm 24 hour battery life Lower heat dissipation through decreased frequency.
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REFERENCES
Intel Corporation: www.intel.com AMD Corporation: www.amd.com Tom’s Hardware Guide: www.tomshardware.com Computer Magazine: www.computer.org Specific References Available if Requested
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QUESTIONS?
ALEXANDER VITKALOV
ENGRC 350
Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5
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THANK YOU.
ALEXANDER VITKALOV
ENGRC 350
Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5