HETEROGENEOUS MULTICORE PROCESSORS A LEXANDER V ITKALOV ENGRC 350 Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5 1 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS � Frequency � Number of cycles per second. � Higher frequency generally means higher performance. � Power � Amount of work done per second. � Proportional to frequency. � Depends on the number of transistors. � Moore’s Law � Performance of processors doubles every 18 months. 2 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS � More on Moore. Moore's Law � Some time in the next 1000000 several years we get to 100000 some finite limits” – Gordon Moore, 1997 10000 � Theoretical limit to be 1000 reached by 2017. 100 � Current Options 10 � 65nm > Increased costs 1 � Utilize parallelism � Hyperthreading 0.1 � Dual Core Processors 0.01 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 3 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
INTRODUCTION: ADVANCED CONCEPTS � Future Options � Multicore � Heterogeneous � Programmable � System on Chip 4 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON � Dual Core is roughly 30% Overall Performance faster than single core. 25000 � Operates at a lower 20000 frequency. � Much lower power 15000 consumption per core. 10000 5000 0 Intel Intel AMD Athlon AMD Athlon Intel Pentium Pentium D FX-57 X2 Pentium M 5 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
PERFORMANCE PER WATT COMPARISON � Performance advantages Performance per Watt of high end are marginal 400 � Dual Core outperforms 350 Single Core 300 � Mobile architectures are 250 still more efficient 200 150 100 50 0 Intel Intel AMD Athlon AMD Athlon Intel Pentium Pentium D FX-57 X2 Pentium M 6 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
7 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY � Heterogeneous cores can provide different levels of compatibility between the processors. � More efficient designs at no expense in backward compatibility. � Slower cores backward compatible cores can be combined with faster ones. � Cores with different instruction sets can be combined through programmable layer that translates one into another. 8 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: COMPATIBILITY � RISC - � Reduced Instruction Set Computer � Micro Instruction Set – � Breaks RISC Instructions further into smaller pieces for faster processing � Translation Layer – � Translates One Instruction Set into another. 9 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: EFFICIENCY � Decreased Power Performance per Watt Consumption 250 � Low power processors are usually more efficient. 200 � Heterogeneous cores can provide balance between 150 performance and power consumption. 100 � Application Specific Instruction Sets 50 � Higher efficiency � Higher performance 0 Single Core Dual Core Quad Core 10 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
ADVANTAGES OF MULTICORE: FUNCTIONALITY � Application Specific Instruction Sets � High performance cores � Specialized Instruction Set for each core. � Tailored for a specific application. � High flexibility through software programmability. � High performance at low power consumption. � Multi-Media Applications. � Core Synthesis � Combination of high performance and energy efficient cores. � Select cores work for a specific application. � Need a sophisticated communications bus. 11 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
FEASIBILITY � 90nm � Current manufacturing process � Good enough for dual core applications � 65nm � Takes over 90nm in 2006 � High initial costs � Lower cost per chip � 50% Smaller area � More cores can be fit together on a die. 12 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
WHY MULTICORE? � Performance Advantages � 10X Faster � Can be tailored for specific application � Truly parallel execution � High performance mobile solutions 13 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
WHY MULTICORE? � Power Advantages � 10X lower power consumption � Enables thinner faster and lighter laptops � Handtops – power of a computer on your palm � 24 hour battery life � Lower heat dissipation through decreased frequency. 14 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
REFERENCES � Intel Corporation: www.intel.com � AMD Corporation: www.amd.com � Tom’s Hardware Guide: www.tomshardware.com � Computer Magazine: www.computer.org � Specific References Available if Requested 15 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
QUESTIONS? A LEXANDER V ITKALOV ENGRC 350 Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5 16 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
THANK YOU. A LEXANDER V ITKALOV ENGRC 350 Novem ber 2 1 ,2 0 0 5 17 Vitkalov | H eterogeneous Multicore Processors
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