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Herding Schrdingers Cats: Some conceptual tools for thinking about Internet governance Don MacLean Independent Consultant Ottawa, Canada donjmac@sympatico.ca The Internet Governance Challenge Herding cats = an impossible task

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SLIDE 1

Herding Schrödinger’s Cats:

Some conceptual tools for thinking about Internet governance Don MacLean

Independent Consultant Ottawa, Canada donjmac@sympatico.ca

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SLIDE 2

The Internet Governance Challenge

  • “Herding cats” = an impossible task
  • “Schrödinger’s cat” = principles that work at the

micro level do not necessarily work at the macro level

  • “Herding Schrödinger’s cats” = achieving

consensus between different players with conflicting views and no global framework is a challenge!

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SLIDE 3

Mandate of UN Secretary-General’s Working Group on Internet Governance

Inter alia,

  • develop a working definition of Internet

governance

  • identify the public policy issues that are relevant

to Internet governance

  • develop a common understanding of the

respective roles and responsibilities of governments, the private sector, civil society, and international organizations

  • prepare a report to WSIS Phase II
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SLIDE 4
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SLIDE 5

Outline of the Paper

  • What are we talking about?

– Internet – Governance – Internet + Governance = ?

  • Internet governance issues and fora

– What’s there? – What’s missing?

  • Internet governance capacity (alia)

– In international organizations – In developing countries and regions

  • Conclusions
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SLIDE 6

Methodology

  • Adapt and apply conceptual tools originally

developed to:

– analyze historical patterns and current trends in governance of global electronic networks – map international ICT issues and decision- making fora – evaluate developing country participation in international ICT decision-making

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SLIDE 7

Internet Governance – A Simple View

Issue n Issue 3 Issue 2 Issue 1

Civil Society Private Sector IGOs, IOs, & other Fora Government

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SLIDE 8

“The international (governance)

  • f the Internet should be:
  • multilateral
  • transparent
  • democratic
  • with the full involvement of

governments, the private sector, civil society, and international organizations”

Goals

  • An equitable distribution
  • f resources
  • Facilitate access for all
  • Ensure a stable and secure

functioning of the Internet, with multilingualism

Roles

  • States: public policy
  • Private sector: technical &

economic development

  • Civil society: community

development

  • Intergovernmental orgs:

facilitating coordination of public policy issues

  • International orgs:

development technical standards and relevant policies

Internet Governance Institutional Framework Internet Governance Policy Framework Information Society Governance Issues

  • Partnership among

all stakeholders

  • Access to infrastructure

and services

  • Access to information

and knowledge

  • Capacity building
  • Confidence and security

in the use of ICTs

  • Enabling environment
  • Social and economic

applications

  • Cultural and linguistic

diversity

  • Freedom of communication

media

  • Ethical dimensions
  • International and

regional cooperation

Internet Governance According to WSIS: Not So Simple

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SLIDE 9

Internet Governance – A Complex Challenge

  • What is the Internet?

– The “nethead” view – The telecoms/broadcasting/media view – The network transformation view

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SLIDE 10

Internet Governance – A Complex Challenge

  • What is the Internet?

– The “nethead” view – The telecoms/broadcasting/media view – The network transformation view

  • What is governance?

– “Steering, not rowing”

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SLIDE 11

Internet Governance – A Complex Challenge

  • What is the Internet?

– The “nethead” view – The telecoms/broadcasting/media view – The network transformation view

  • What is governance?

– “Steering, not rowing” – Only laws, regulations, and standards (“hard” governance)? Or policy coordination and cooperation too (“soft” governance)? – Only sector-specific measures? Or generally applicable measures too?

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SLIDE 12

Internet + Governance = ?

  • Key to the success of the Secretary-

General’s working group

  • Begin with a broad approach to mapping

the terrain

– Network transformation view – Hard and soft governance tools – Full range of issues

  • Identify top priorities and focus efforts
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SLIDE 13

Mapping International Internet Governance

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Legal Instruments Standards Coordination Cooperation

Tools for International Governance Scope of International Governance Arrangements

“Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

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SLIDE 14

Mapping Internet Governance: Some Issues

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Legal Instruments Standards Coordination Cooperation

International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance Arrangements

“Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

  • DNS registries

and registrars

  • Regional root

servers

  • Multilingual

domain names

  • Management
  • f ccTLDs
  • Management
  • f DNS
  • Private vs.

public legal instruments

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SLIDE 15

Mapping Internet Governance: Some Issues

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Legal Instruments Standards Coordination Cooperation

International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance Arrangements

“Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

  • E-commerce
  • Taxation
  • Revenue

sharing

  • IXPs
  • IPRs
  • Cyber-

security

  • Cyber

convention?

  • Internet &

ITRs

  • DNS registries

and registrars

  • Regional root

servers

  • Multilingual

domain names

  • Management
  • f ccTLDs
  • Management
  • f DNS
  • Private vs.

public legal instruments

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SLIDE 16

Mapping Internet Governance: Some Issues

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Legal Instruments Standards Coordination Cooperation

International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance Arrangements

“Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

  • E-commerce
  • Taxation
  • Revenue

sharing

  • IXPs
  • IPRs
  • Cyber-

security

  • Cyber

convention?

  • Internet &

ITRs

  • DNS registries

and registrars

  • Regional root

servers

  • Multilingual

domain names

  • Management
  • f ccTLDs
  • Management
  • f DNS
  • Private vs.

public legal instruments

  • Financing

services and applications

  • National e-

Strategies

  • Network-

based applications

  • Knowledge

repositories

  • Consumer

protection (privacy, fraud, spam)

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SLIDE 17

Mapping Internet Governance: Some Issues

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Legal Instruments Standards Coordination Cooperation

International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance Arrangements

“Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

  • E-commerce
  • Taxation
  • Revenue

sharing

  • IXPs
  • IPRs
  • Cyber-

security

  • Cyber

convention?

  • Internet &

ITRs

  • DNS registries

and registrars

  • Regional root

servers

  • Multilingual

domain names

  • Management
  • f ccTLDs
  • Management
  • f DNS
  • Private vs.

public legal instruments

  • Financing

infrastructure

  • Mobile,

broadband, ubiquitous networks

  • IPv6
  • Migration to

IP-based networks

  • Universal

access

  • Internet

regulation

  • Financing

services and applications

  • National e-

Strategies

  • Network-

based applications

  • Knowledge

repositories

  • Consumer

protection (privacy, fraud, spam)

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SLIDE 18

Mapping Internet Governance: IGOs, IOs, and Other Fora

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Cooperation International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

ITU &UNESCO

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SLIDE 19

Mapping Internet Governance: IGOs, IOs, and Other Fora

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Cooperation International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

WTO

WIPO

ITU &UNESCO

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SLIDE 20

Mapping Internet Governance: IGOs, IOs, and Other Fora

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Cooperation International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

WTO

ICANN

WIPO IETF

ITU &UNESCO

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SLIDE 21

Mapping Internet Governance: IGOs, IOs, and Other Fora

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Cooperation International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

WTO

ICANN

WIPO WORLD BANK IETF

ITU &UNESCO

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SLIDE 22

Mapping Internet Governance: IGOs, IOs, and Other Fora

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Cooperation International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

WTO

ICANN

WIPO WORLD BANK UNDP UNCTAD IETF

ITU &UNESCO

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SLIDE 23

Mapping Internet Governance: Civil Society and the Private Sector

Application

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Development Assistance International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

CIVIL SOCIETY

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SLIDE 24

Mapping Internet Governance: Civil Society and the Private Sector

Application

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Development Assistance International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

DEVELOPMENT NGOs

CIVIL SOCIETY

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SLIDE 25

Mapping Internet Governance: Civil Society and the Private Sector

Application

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Development Assistance International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

PRIVATE SECTOR STANDARDIZATION FORUMS BUSINESS NGOs DEVELOPMENT NGOs

CIVIL SOCIETY

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SLIDE 26

Mapping Internet Governance: Civil Society and the Private Sector

Application

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Laws and Regulations Standards Policy Coordination Development Assistance International Governance Tools Scope of International Governance “Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad REGULATORY PRACTITIONERS

PRIVATE SECTOR STANDARDIZATION FORUMS BUSINESS NGOs DEVELOPMENT NGOs

CIVIL SOCIETY

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SLIDE 27

Internet Governance Holes

Applications

for equitable, sustainable global development

Development

  • f technology,

networks, services in all countries

Use

  • f common

resources

Exchange

  • f services &

products between sovereign nations

Legal Instruments Standards Coordination Cooperation

Tools for International Governance Scope of International Governance Arrangements

“Hard” “Soft” Narrow Broad

Network & Information Security Citizen/ Consumer protection Developing country technical/policy capacity

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SLIDE 28

The International ICT Governance Process

Policy Assessment Policy Research & Analysis Agenda Setting Issue Identification Proposals Policy Coordination Policy Formulation Evaluation Implementation Decisions

INTERNATIONAL DECISION-MAKING NATIONAL AND REGIONAL POLICY FORMULATION DEEP POLICY STRUCTURES

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SLIDE 29

Obstacles to Inclusive Governance

  • International level

– Lack of easy, affordable and timely access to information – Structure, functioning and working methods of international fora – Ineffective use of financial resources available for participation

  • National and regional level

– Lack of awareness among decision-makers – Lack of technical and policy capacity on ICT issues – Weaknesses in national and regional ICT policy processes and institutions

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SLIDE 30

Conclusions

  • The paper presents 9 conclusions. The most

important are:

– In designing governance arrangements, let “form follow function” – It is critically important to fill governance gaps in the areas of information and network security, and protection of citizen rights and consumer interests – Efforts to develop inclusive Internet governance arrangements will be ineffective unless parallel measures are taken to build capacity in developing countries, under “southern” leadership

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SLIDE 31