HELCOM workshop on migratory waterbirds Helsinki, 20-22 November 2018 Aims: Produce maps with migration routes of waterbird species (e.g. seabirds, ducks, waders) • covering the entire Baltic Sea Region. Provide background for the HELCOM Recommendation 34E/1 ‘Safeguarding important bird • habitats and migration routes in the Baltic Sea from negative effects of wind and wave energy production at sea’ . Use expertise of members of ICES/OSPAR/HELCOM Joint Working Group on Seabirds • (JWGBIRD) and other experts.
HELCOM workshop on migratory waterbirds Helsinki, 20-22 November 2018 Introduction: Bird Migration in the Baltic • Data sources • Aggregation of data • Outline of working programme •
Introduction: Bird migration in the Baltic HELCOM workshop on migratory waterbirds Species groups considered in the workshop: no. of species Anatidae (swans, geese, ducks) 31 (9) • Gaviidae (divers) 3 (2) • Podicipedidae (grebes) 4 (2) • Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants) 1 • Rallidae (rails) 1 • Gruidae (cranes) 1 • Haematopodidae (ostercatchers) 1 • Recurvirostridae (avocets) 1 • 160 cm 18 cm Charadriidae (plovers) 6 (5) • 15,000 g 40 g Scolopacidae (sandpipers etc.) 25 • Stercorariidae (skuas) 4 • Laridae (gulls, terns) 15 (5) • Alcidae (auks) 3 (1) • total ~ 96 species (24 on HELCOM Red List)
Introduction: Bird migration in the Baltic Waterbird migration across the Baltic Sea
Introduction: Bird migration in the Baltic Knowledge about migration routes comes from: Visual observation of birds breeding / stopping over / staging / wintering • Visual observation of active migration • Bird ringing • Radar tracking of active migration • Tracking of individual birds (remote sensing) • What kind of data do we get and how can we use them? van Gils et al. 2016, Science 352: 819-821
Introduction: Bird migration in the Baltic offshore wind farm fully commissioned /under construction pre-construction / consent authorised consent application submitted concept / early planning decommissioned www.4coffshore.com, 6 November 2018
Data sources: Visual observation of birds breeding / stopping over / staging / wintering Greater Scaup www.ornitho.de Task for the workshop: (citizen science) aggregate information on sites used by waterbirds (indicating areas touched by migration) Great Black-backed Gull Herring Gull Gedeon et al. 2014, German Breeding Bird Atlas HELCOM indicator abundance of wintering waterbirds Skov et al. 2011, SOWBAS
Data sources: Visual observation of active migration 10 Proportion of time migrating over sea (%) 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 Time of day (CEST) Curlew migratory flight activity (P. Schwemmer (Univ. Kiel) pers. comm. spring migration autumn migration Task for the workshop: covers only diurnal migration along coastlines , i.e. aggregate information on sites unknown proportions migrate at night, passed by migrating waterbirds often only parts of a population migrate across Baltic (indicating areas touched by migration)
Data sources: Visual observation of active migration Söderskär Hanko Põõsaspea Virtsu Ristna Kabli Sorve Kolka Pape Revsudden Ottenby Kåseberga Falsterbo Rozewie Cap Hyllekrog Geltinger Birk More from www.trektellen.nl ?
Data sources: Bird ringing Bairlein et al. 2014 Valkama et al. 2014 Millions of ring recoveries, but route taken between first capture and recovery usually unknown Task for the workshop: consider, where bird ringing data can be useful addition
Data sources: Radar tracking of active migration Common Eider Red Knot supply details on sections of migratory routes [diurnal and nocturnal migration] Gudmundsson 1994, J. Avian Biol. 25: 15-26 Task for the workshop: check, where radar studies can supplement other information, especially adding to tracking of individuals Masden et al. 2009, ICES J. Mar. Sci. 66: 746-753
Data sources: Tracking of individual birds (telemetry) www.blessgans.de Pütz et al. 2007, Vogelwelt 128: 141-148. Task for the workshop: supply the migration route aggregate tracks to migration roughly (satellite transmitters) or routes precisely (GPS data loggers) [diurnal and nocturnal migration] Univ. of Kiel unpubl.
Data sources: Tracking of individual birds (telemetry) - from tracks to routes tracks from 2 projects taken from summarising tracks (fitted by eye) smoothing in ArcGIS www.movebank.org (downloaded or re- drawn)
Data sources: Tracking of individual birds (telemetry) - from tracks to routes spring autumn Problems and pitfalls: Whooper Swan x x not available for many waterbird species • Bewick‘s Swan x x spatial bias: deployment of birds unevenly • Brent Goose x x distributed, some parts of Baltic underrepresented Barnacle Goose x x spatial resolution not always good (better in GPS • Greater White-fronted Goose x x devices) Lesser White-fronted Goose x x seasonal bias: not always both migration periods • Greylag Goose x x covered Wigeon x Common Eider x Long-tailed Duck x Common Scoter x x Velvet Scoter x Red-throated Diver x x Common Crane x x Grey Plover x x Bar-tailed Godwit x Curlew x x Great Snipe x x Lesser Bleck-backed Gull x
Data sources: Overview method showing diurnal/nocturnal coverage of application in migration route ? migration ? waterbird species workshop observation at some indication (diurnal/nocturnal) very good yes breeding/staging site observation of active good (only coastal) diurnal good yes migration bird ringing some indication (diurnal/nocturnal) good no radar tracking precisely diurnal/nocturnal poor yes tracking of individuals good to precisely diurnal/nocturnal intermediate yes (remote sensing)
Aggregation of data: Long-tailed Duck example (population size: 1,600,000) Data: satellite telemetry: tracks • of 7 birds from 2 projects observation of active • migration from 14 locations (11 spring, 10 autumn) movebank.org spring % spring autumn % autumn Fehmarnbelt (DE, DK) 2484 0.2 % 648 <0.1 % Hiddensee (DE) 9138 0.6 % Swinoujcie (PL) 1 <0.1 % Falsterbo (SE) 150 <0.1 % Kåseberga (SE) 23929 1.5 % 7268 0.5 % Ottenby (SE) 2732 0.2 % 34189 2.1 % Revsudden (SE) 2771 0.2 % 14896 0.9 % Pape (LV) 60714 4.7 % Kabli (EE) 6249 0.4 % Virtsu (EE) 149720 9.4 % Ristna (EE) 196031 12.3 % 33224 2.1 % Põõsaspea (EE) 304411 19.0 % Hanko (FI) 18724 1.2 % 59547 3.7 % Söderskär (FI) 700000 43.8 % 880000 55.0 %
Aggregation of data: Long-tailed Duck example (population size: 1,600,000) Data: satellite telemetry: tracks • of 7 birds from 2 projects observation of active • Skov et al. 2011, SOWBAS migration from 14 locations (11 spring, 10 autumn) movebank.org at-sea count data from • winter (ship-based and aerial surveys) land-based count data • spring % spring autumn % autumn from winter Fehmarnbelt (DE, DK) 2484 0.2 % 648 <0.1 % Hiddensee (DE) 9138 0.6 % Swinoujcie (PL) 1 <0.1 % Falsterbo (SE) 150 <0.1 % Kåseberga (SE) 23929 1.5 % 7268 0.5 % Ottenby (SE) 2732 0.2 % 34189 2.1 % Revsudden (SE) 2771 0.2 % 14896 0.9 % Pape (LV) 60714 4.7 % Kabli (EE) 6249 0.4 % Virtsu (EE) 149720 9.4 % Ristna (EE) 196031 12.3 % 33224 2.1 % Põõsaspea (EE) 304411 19.0 % Hanko (FI) 18724 1.2 % 59547 3.7 % HELCOM indicator Söderskär (FI) 700000 43.8 % 880000 55.0 %
Aggregation of data: good and poor information
General discussion What do we want? What do we have (data)? How shall the product look like? Map design: all information in one map (feasible?) or cluster of maps? Show (all) individual species and/or groups? Spatial resolution
Group work I (20 Nov. p.m.) Review pre-selected data Add information (national expert knowledge, publications etc.) Discuss way of analysis (if necessary) and presentation Groups: A) Stopover and staging sites: identify important coastal bird aggregations B) Stopover and staging sites: identify important offshore bird aggregations C) Migration counts D) Tracking studies E) Radar studies F) Technical: prepare formats [groups A/B and D/E could be combined] Group work II (21 Nov. a.m.) Aggregate information from various sources on species level Groups: according to meaningful combinations of species (e.g. swans/geese, ducks, waders, gulls/terns ...)
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