Health & Built Environment Data: Furthering Ac8ve Design Goals - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ac#ve Design Guidelines Overview

Health & Built Environment Data: Furthering Ac8ve Design Goals

CPPW Built Environment Partnership Call | August 11, 2011

I. Why health & built environment data is important

• II. Using data
• III. Obtaining data
• IV. Health & BE indicators
• V. Using data to further ac8ve

design in policy & programs

Presenta#on Outline

Why use health & built environment data? Why use data?

‐‐Frame and document problems ‐‐Make the case for ac#on to decision makers & the public ‐‐Help priori#ze limited resources ‐‐Aid in the determina#on of policy, program & other solu#ons

Challenges:

‐‐Lack of good data ‐‐Funding & staffing for data collec#on & analysis ‐‐Reconciling different data formats & scales across agencies/sources ‐‐Convincing agencies to use data in decision making

Using health & built environment data

• I. Surveillance: tracking trends over 8me, iden8fying dispari8es

 Examples: ‐‐Chicago & Philadelphia: Food access reports ‐‐Multnomah County: Health Atlas maps ‐‐San Diego: Health & built environment maps ‐‐ BRFSS (in every state), YRBS, NYC CHS

• II. Framing the problem in reports, plans, and other documents

 Example: ‐‐NYC Ac$ve Design Guidelines

• III. SePng & measuring performance targets

 Example: ‐‐NYC DOT Strategic plan

• IV. Assessing the poten8al impact of projects or policy

decisions  Examples: ‐‐Nashville: Health Impact Assessments ‐‐Louisville: Healthy Development checklist

• V. Evalua8ng the actual impacts of policies & programs

 Example: ‐‐NYC PlayStreets & Stair Prompt evalua#ons

• VI. Determining decision making in policies and programs

 Examples: ‐‐NYC FRESH Program ‐‐Philadelphia: Data‐driven process to select bike lane pilots ‐‐NYC ADG Con#nuing educa#on AIA trainings

• VII. Loca8ng possible sites for land uses

 Examples: ‐‐Mapping city‐owned vacant property parcels for poten#al community garden sites ‐‐NYC FRESH Program

Using health & built environment data

• Community Health Survey: Annual survey

hYp://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/survey/ survey.shtml

• Fitnessgram

hYp://schools.nyc.gov/Academics/FitnessandHealth/ NycFitnessgram

• Youth Risk Behavior Survey

hYp://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/episrv/episrv‐ youthriskbehavior.shtml

• Physical Ac8vity & Transit Survey: 2011 (CPPW)

Obtaining Data: NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene Survey Work

Obtaining Local Obesity Data: New Methods

• BMI tracking capabili8es for childhood obesity in

immuniza8on tracking systems (Example: Michigan Care Improvement Registry)

• Oversampling in State Behavioral Risk Factor

Surveillance System (BRFSS)

• Electronic medical records?
• Others to consider??

Health & built environment indicators: Ini#al ideas

Health Data Sources Obesity & overweight rates County or City Health Depts Physical ac#vity levels Asthma rates Ac#vity & nutri#on levels for schoolchildren City Educa#on Depts Exposure to traffic pollu#on State DOTs Air pollu#on hazard index EPA Natl Air Toxics Assessment Ac8ve Transporta8on Usage & Safety Percentage of trips by walking & biking American Community Survey, Percentage of trips by transit State DOTs, City Transporta#on Depts, MPOs Miles of bike & ped infrastructure City Transporta#on Depts, MPOs Number and rate of bike & pedestrian crashes Density of neighborhoods (housing/popula#on) City/County Planning Depts Popula#on within ¼ & ½ mile of transit sta#ons

Health & built environment indicators: Ini#al ideas

Access to Healthy Food Percentage of popula#on within ½ mile of State Employment agencies, grocery store (farmers’ mkts, etc) US Census: Bureau Business PaYerns, Grocery stores per capita State agriculture Depts Fruit & vegetable consump#on Health Depts Health Equity Percentage of popula#on below poverty line US Census Median per‐capita income levels Percentage households with public assistance Percentage of subsidized housing County/City Housing Depts Transporta#on infrastructure that is ADA‐compliant MPOs, Transporta#on Depts Percentage of the popula#on without a vehicle US Census Access to/Quality of Parks & Recrea8on Sources Percentage of pop within ¼ and ½ mile of park City/County Parks Depts Recrea#on/park facili#es or acreage per capita Percentage of recrea#on/parks scoring high on maintenance/cleanliness report cards

• V. Comprehensive Data Usage

San Francisco Healthy Development Measurement Tool

• Community Health Indicator System ‐ Over 100 indicators
• f social, environmental and economic condi#ons that can

be used to evaluate baseline condi#ons in a neighborhood, planning area or city, and to monitor those condi#ons prospec#vely. h"p://www.thehdmt.org/master_list.php

• Healthy Development Checklist ‐ A downloadable

checklist of development targets (associated with each indicator) that can be used to assess whether urban plans and projects help achieve community health objec#ves.

• Indicator areas – Environmental Stewardship, Sustainable

and Safe Transporta#on, Public Infrastructure, Social Cohesion, Adequate and Healthy Housing and Healthy Economy h"p://www.thehdmt.org

Health & built environment indicators

Health & built environment indicators: Sonoma, CA

h"p:// www.healthysonoma.org/

Health & built environment indicators: Indexes

See also Sea"le/King County’s walkability index work at: h"p://www.b‐sustainable.org/built‐environment/walkability‐index and HPE Walkability index (10 factors): h"p://www.hpe‐inc.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileNcket=40tH6vnOe%2Bk %3D&tabid=754

Using data to further ac#ve design in policy & programs

• I. Health & Equity Data

Sea]le, WA’s DOT Pedestrian Project Priori8za8on

Health & Equity data used: ‐‐Low income popula#on ‐‐Automobile ownership ‐‐Diabetes popula#on ‐‐Obesity rates ‐‐Physical ac#vity rates

hYp://www.seaYle.gov/ transporta#on/ pedestrian_masterplan/

• II. Transporta8on Planning & Projects:

Opportuni#es for Using Health & Built Environment data

Source: ICF presenta#on, AMPO annual conference 2010

• II. Bike, Pedestrian, and other Transporta8on Data:

Sefng & monitoring performance targets

NYC DOT’s Strategic Plan: Performance measures in Safety | Mobility | World Class

Streets | Infrastructure | Greening | Global Leadership | Customer Service

• II. Bike, Pedestrian, and other Transporta8on Data:

Sefng & monitoring performance targets

NYC DOT’s Sustainable Streets Index

 Evaluates progress made towards performance measures in Strategic Plan

Charlo]esville, Virginia (MPO): Jefferson Area Eastern Planning Ini8a8ve

 Evalua#ng the impact of regional transporta#on & land use scenarios on bike and ped rates

• II. Bike, Pedestrian, and other Transporta8on Data: :

Evalua#ng growth/transport scenarios

• II. Bike & pedestrian data: Evalua#ng service

Mul8modal Level of Service (A‐F)

Data used: (*select list)

• Traffic volume
• Vehicle speeds
• Percentage heavy vehicles
• Width of lanes, shoulder, sidewalk & striping
• Presence of bike lane/sidewalk
• Pavement condi#ons
• Crossing distances

NOTE, does not include land use factors or factors that enhance the pedestrian experience, like presence of street trees, etc. h1p://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/ nchrp_rpt_616.pdf See also the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual: Mul#modal LOS Methodology

• II. Bike & pedestrian data: Priori#zing street redesigns

NYC: Making streets safer for walking & biking

 Used State DMV crash report and State Health Dept data to idenNfy locaNons of the highest number & most dangerous crashes involving bicyclists and pedestrians  Data and mapping being used by NYC DOT to prioriNze intersecNons and corridors for bike & pedestrian safety intervenNons

• II. Bike, Pedestrian, and other Transporta8on Data:

Transporta#on project priori#za#on

Aus8n Strategic Mobility Plan: Project Priori8za8on

– Efficiency – 15 points maximum – Regional Coordina#on – 15 points – Mobility Choices – 18 points – Sustainable Growth – 15 points [Includes density levels] – Investment and Economic Growth – 11 points [Supports sustainable development] – Safety – 8 points – Environmental Stewardship – 13 points [Includes access to parks/rec] – Neighborhood Connec#vity – 8 points h"p://www.ausNnstrategicmobility.com/resources/ asmp‐ppp

See also NJTPA Project Priori8za8on Criteria: h1p://www.njtpa.org/Plan/Need/ Priority/default.aspx

• II. Bike, Pedestrian, and other Transporta8on Data:

Transporta#on project priori#za#on

Portland Metro 2010‐13 Transporta8on Plan: Regional Flexible Fund Alloca8ons

Factors (*parNal list)

• Addresses service gaps on a mobility corridor, including bike & pedestrian

gaps

• Implements the Livable Streets design guidelines
• Provides access to transporta#on op#ons for underserved community
• Improves transporta#on safety
• Project is located in a priority 2040 land use area
• Popula#on and employment densi#es surrounding the project
• Reduces or minimizes energy consump#on and pollu#on
• Project adds bike & pedestrian facili#es where none exist

• II. Bike, Pedestrian, and other Transporta8on Data:

Transporta#on project priori#za#on

Broward County, FL 2035 Transporta8on Plan

• III. Food access data

NYC: FRESH Program

Data compiled Demographic (Census) Zoning (NYC City Planning Dept) Supermarket access (State Dept

• f Agriculture & Markets)

Obesity & diabetes data (NYC Health Dept)

• III. Food access data

NYC FRESH Program: Zoning and tax incen8ves for providing fresh food op8ons in the city’s underserved areas

• IV. Recrea8on access data

Underserved park areas priori8zed for:

 Schoolyards to Playgrounds Program  NYCDOT Plaza Program  Grow to Learn NYC: School Garden Program

• V. Comprehensive Data Usage:

Development Scorecards, Health Impact Assessments

Aus8n, Texas Planning Dept Smart Growth Criteria Matrix

 High‐scoring projects qualify for waiver of development fees and other benefits  Criteria includes: Loca#on of development Density level Degree of mixed use Building façade treatment Public outdoor space Transit proximity Streetscape treatment for pedestrian friendliness Bike & ped access Parking Affordable housing

• V. Comprehensive Data Usage:

Development Scorecards, Health Impact Assessments

San Francisco HDMT Development Checklist

 Linked to HDMT Indicators & Objec#ves  Voluntary process

Health & Built Environment Data: Public Informa#on Models

Provides NYC goals, data & char8ng over 8me on Health & Built environment indicators: h1ps://gis.nyc.gov/doh/track/

Health & Built Environment Data: Public Informa#on Models Health & Built Environment Data: Public Informa#on Models Health & Built Environment Data: Public Informa#on Models

Healthy City CA: h1p://www.healthycity.org

Epi Info (CDC) hYp://wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/ Public domain sopware that allows people to develop ques#onnaires and forms, customize the data entry process, and enter and analyze data. EpiSurveyor / Open Data Kit hYp://www.episurveyor.org / hYp://opendatakit.org/ Free (for basic level), open source tool enabling anyone to create a survey/data form, collect data on a mobile device, and then transfer the data back to a desktop or laptop for analysis. Measuring Walking and Cycling Using the PABS (Pedestrian and Bicycling Survey) Approach: A Low‐Cost Survey Method for Local Communi8es Low‐budget survey method and related sampling strategy for communi#es to document the amount of local walking and cycling happening among their residents. hYp://transweb.sjsu.edu/project/2907.html

Health & Built Environment Data: Tools

Health & Built Environment Data: Other Resources

ADG Urban Design and Building Design Checklists hYp://www.nyc.gov/adg County Health Rankings hYp://www.countyhealthrankings.org/ranking‐methods LEED Design for Health through Increased Physical Ac8vity Innova8on Credit matrix NCHRP Report: A Guidebook for Performance‐Based Transporta8on Planning hYp://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id=675635 VTPI Report: Indicators for a Healthy Built Environment in BC www.phsa.ca/NR/.../0/IndicatorsforaHealthyBuiltEnvironmen#nBC.pdf

Outstanding Data Needs?

• Standardized built environment indicators that ci#es/

communi#es track

• Model for incorpora8ng health & health equity performance

measures into transporta8on project priori8za8on

• Models for performance measures and evalua8on for CPPW &

CTG efforts

• What else?