Harvesting Natures Energy Harvesting Natures Energy Geothermal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Harvesting Nature’s Energy Harvesting Nature’s Energy Geothermal Power Generation at the Salton Sea

Borrego Energy Day April 11, 2015 Vince Signorotti

EnergySource – Invested in California

EnergySource specializes in the development, construction, and

• peration of geothermal power facilities in the hottest and

most prolific U.S. resource, the Salton Sea.

• Formed 2006. Invested $400M for 49 MW Hudson Ranch I.

Commissioned in 2012; the first new geothermal plant in America’s best field in 22 years.

• Imperial Wells, 85 MW and $660M investment, now in development.
• Created hundreds of jobs in construction, drilling and operations.
• Annual property taxes in excess of $3 million dollars

2

Geothermal Production Worldwide

• 3

Field Formation

4

Part of Major Global Fault System

Within Major Faulting through California Near end of San Andreas Fault Faulting continues into

5

Faulting continues into the Gulf of California

Salton Sea field is in a spreading basin

Spreading caused by lateral movement between faults and extension in the Gulf of Mexico has caused the reservoir to be formed

6

reservoir to be formed Cerro Prieto is part of the line of major spreading basins.

Imperial Valley Resource Capability

Confidential and Proprietary 7

Field is in the Brawley Seismic Zone

Large seismic activity between San Andreas and Cerro Prieto faults Spreading action

8

Spreading action

• f faults causes

seismic effects and permeability in reservoir.

9

9

1855 1855 W.P. BLAKE SETS OUT TO EXPLORE RAILROAD ROUTE FROM THE W.P. BLAKE SETS OUT TO EXPLORE RAILROAD ROUTE FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. HE ENCOUNTERS MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. HE ENCOUNTERS NATIVE AMERICANS AND SPECTACULAR THERMAL SPRINGS AND NATIVE AMERICANS AND SPECTACULAR THERMAL SPRINGS AND GEYSERS IN THE DESERT THAT IS NOW BENEATH THE SALTON GEYSERS IN THE DESERT THAT IS NOW BENEATH THE SALTON SEA. SEA.

1927 1927 PIONEER DEVELOPMENT COMPANY DRILLS THREE WELLS IN SEARCH PIONEER DEVELOPMENT COMPANY DRILLS THREE WELLS IN SEARCH OF GEOTHERMAL STEAM. EFFORTS ABANDONED BY 1929. OF GEOTHERMAL STEAM. EFFORTS ABANDONED BY 1929.

10

10

1932 1932 SALTON SEA CHEMICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION BEGINS SALTON SEA CHEMICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION BEGINS DEVELOPMENT OF SHALLOW ZONE OF CO2 NEAR ORIGINAL DEVELOPMENT OF SHALLOW ZONE OF CO2 NEAR ORIGINAL GEOTHERMAL WELLS GEOTHERMAL WELLS

“NATURAL ENERGY BONANZA” “NATURAL ENERGY BONANZA” The Brawley News, April 17, 1958 The Brawley News, April 17, 1958 “NATURAL ENERGY BONANZA” The Brawley News, April 17, 1958 stated that “The largest store of natural

11

11 “The largest store of natural energy known to man is claimed to have been found near here…A limitless and powerful supply of steam energy can be harnessed from this superheated basin – easily enough energy to provide the whole of Southern California with electric Power.”

SINCLAIR NO. 1 TEST FACILITY

12

12 ABANDONED AFTER TWO MONTHS DUE TO MINERAL DEPOSITION

SALTON SEA FIELD SALTON SEA FIELD IMPERIAL VALLEY, CA IMPERIAL VALLEY, CA

13

13 Severe Scaling from Hot Geothermal Brine Flow Through Pipelines

SEVERE CORROSION FROM HOT GEOTHERMAL BRINE SEVERE CORROSION FROM HOT GEOTHERMAL BRINE FLOW THROUGH CARBON STEEL PIPE FLOW THROUGH CARBON STEEL PIPE

14

14

Salton Sea Geothermal Brine

(Typical Weight %) Chloride 15.40 Sodium 5.27 Calcium 2.65 Potassium 1.65 Carbon Dioxide 0.17

Confidential and Proprietary 15

Carbon Dioxide 0.17 Iron 0.15 Manganese 0.14 Lithium 0.05 Zinc 0.05 Silica 0.05 Strontium 0.03 Total Dissolved Solids & Gases 25.74

Contract Maximum Start-Up _MW MW Technology Unit 1 1982 10.0 10.0 Modified pH-Mod Vulcan 1986 29.5 38.0 pH-Mod/CRC Hoch 1989 34.0 42.0 pH-Mod/CRC Elmore 1989 34.0 42.0 CRC

Plant Development Chronology

Confidential and Proprietary 16

Elmore 1989 34.0 42.0 CRC Unit 3 1989 47.5 50.0

Modified pH-Mod

Unit 2 1990 15.0 18.0

Modified pH-Mod

Leathers 1990 34.0 42.0 CRC Unit 4 1996 34.0 42.0

Modified pH-Mod

Unit 5 2000

• 46.0

Modified pH-Mod

Turboexpander 2000

• 10.0

pH-Mod/CRC Featherstone 2012 49.9 55.0 Total 287.9 395.0

Crystallizer/Clarifier Process Flow SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC OF CRYSTALLIZER REACTOR CLARIFIER PROCESS TECHNOLOGY SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC OF CRYSTALLIZER REACTOR CLARIFIER PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

17

17

John L. Featherstone Plant

The first stand-alone Salton Sea field geothermal plant built in 20 years, the Featherstone Plant is a 49 MW triple flash facility

Featherstone Plant Economic Benefits

200+ Construction Jobs; 33 permanent operations jobs.

Precision Drilling for Mega-Permeability

If the location of the fracture is known with very high precision, then it can be targeted precisely, allowing the possibility of the wellbore to be drilled down the

• fracture. This is a new technique

that has been developed and only used at the Salton Sea.

Confidential and Proprietary 20

used at the Salton Sea. All existing wells cannot be re- drilled down fractures. New wells, however, can be sited to take advantage of precision targeting if fault information is known before drilling.

Drilling - Lithology and Structure

• The information

available for wellfield drilling in 2004 and 2005 provided sufficient information to execute a successful precision drilling program on each well drilled.

Confidential and Proprietary 21

This picture shows that with detailed information, the well can be drilled not only down the fault, but ideally down the fracture inside the high production sand body for mega-permeability. well drilled.

• Precision targeting for

future wellfield drilling has generally less available information and would be greatly enhanced by 3-D seismic.

SONNY BONO SALTON SEA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Confidential and Proprietary 22

GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT CO-EXISTS

Confidential and Proprietary 23

WITH AGRICULTURE

New Geothermal Development Opportunities in California

Total Est. Future Potential: Total Est. Future Potential: 2,965 2,965 MW MW

Imperial County contains the largest known Imperial County contains the largest known undeveloped geothermal resource in California and undeveloped geothermal resource in California and possibly the world possibly the world. .

60 MW 60 MW 185 MW 185 MW 200 MW 200 MW 220 MW 220 MW 500 MW 500 MW 1800 1800 MW MW

Source: Industry estimates Source: Industry estimates