Glottal Constriction in Gorum elements Glottal Stop - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
glottal constriction in gorum
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Glottal Constriction in Gorum elements Glottal Stop - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 10, 2023 542 likes •761 views

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal Glottal Constriction in Gorum elements Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Felix Rau Summary Previous Accounts (Leiden University) Aze's Analysis

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Glottal Constriction in Gorum

Felix Rau

(Leiden University)

October 26, 2009

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Glottal elements in Gorum

Phenomena

  • glottal stop: ʔ
  • pre-glottalized voiced obstruents: ˀb, ˀd, ˀɟ, ˀg
  • creaky voice: V̰

Problems

  • phonemic status
  • phonological analysis
  • historical situation of creaky voice
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Glottal stop ʔ

Contrastiveness

(1) ɖa ‘do!’ (2) ɖaʔ ‘water’

Phonetics

(3) [gaʔ] ‘eat!’ (4) [gaʔatu] ‘he will eat’ (5) [gaʔaru] ‘he has eaten’ (6) [tiʔitu] ‘he will pull’

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Pre-Glottalized Obstruents

Contrastiveness

  • contrastiveness is problematic

(7) ɖaˀbu ‘to cover’ (8) ɖabu ‘money’

Phonetics

(9) [gaˀd̚] ‘cut!’ (10) [gaˀdⁿtu] ‘he will cut’ (11) [gaˀdⁿru] ‘he has cut’ (12) [seˀbᵐtu] ‘he will chop’ (13) [taˀɟʲtu] ‘he will give’

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Creaky Voice

Contrastiveness

(14) a̰l ‘husking pit’ (15) al ‘thatch!’

Phonetics

(16) [a̰l̰] ‘husking pit’ (17) [sṵr̰] ‘hunting’ (18) [a̰suŋ] ‘house’

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Phonemic status

Minimal Pairs

  • ˀO vs. ʔN

ɖaʔ ‘water’ ɖaˀd ‘for’ kinɖaʔn ‘river-LOC’

  • ˀO vs. V̰N

nḛn ‘COND:MED’ kinmeˀd ‘goat’

  • Vʔ vs. V̰

no good minimal pair! ɖaʔ ‘water’ a̰suŋ ‘house’

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Summary

Phonetic Characteristics

nucleus coda ʔ unaffected glottal stop (echo vowel) ˀO partially affected

  • bstruent

V̰ fully affected affected

Problems

  • How many distinctive phenomena?
  • What level of phonology?
slide-8
SLIDE 8

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis

  • one single prosodic feature (/ʔ/) of the syllable

(or rhyme)

  • no distinction between creaky voice (V̰) and

glottal stop (Vʔ)

  • pre-glottalized obstruents analyzed as

glottalization + nasal ˀO → ʔN and V̰ → Vʔ

  • minimalization of possible syllable structures

(C)V(ʔ) (C)V(ʔ)N

Problem

Aze’s view CVʔ-N kinɖaʔn ‘river-LOC’ kinɖaʔn CVˀO ɖaˀd ‘for’ ɖaʔn

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Previous Accounts

Zide's Analysis

glottalized obstruents are not phonemic

  • glottal stop Vʔ → Vʔ
  • creaky voice V̰ → VH
  • glottalized obstruents ˀO → O

Problems

  • phonological treatment of creaky voice “H”
  • status of glottalized obstruents

(19) ɖaˀbu ‘to cover’ (20) ɖabu ‘money’

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Previous Accounts

Comparison

Aze Zide CV ɖa ‘to do’ CV ɖa CV ɖa CVN ɖan ‘to guard’ CVN ɖan CVN ɖan CVʔ ɖaʔ ‘water’ CVʔ ɖaʔ CVʔ ɖaʔ CVˀO ɖaˀd ‘for’ CVʔN ɖaʔn CVC ɖad V̰ a̰suŋ ‘house’ Vʔ aʔsuŋ VH aHsuŋ CVʔ CVˀO V̰ Aze all one, phonemic Zide phonemic not phonemic phonemic

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure

  • (C)V(C) (two very rare exceptions: ɖrVC, CVŋk)
  • glottal constriction connected to rhyme/coda
  • clear distribution

Possible Syllables

(C)V (C)V̰ (C)Vʔ (C)VˀO (C)VN (C)V̰N (C)V(j/r/l) (C)V̰N/r/l)

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Phonological Stem

Constraint on Glottal elements

σMσM kanmun ‘pig’ σMσG kusoˀd ‘dog’ σGσM a̰suŋ ‘house’ *σGσG

Reduplication

(21) zum → zumzum (22) gaʔ → gagaʔ (23) gaˀd → gagaˀd

Causatives ab-

(24) ab+so'ɟ → ab-so'ɟ (25) ab+suŋ → aˀb-suŋ (or a̰b-)

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Phonological Stem

Distribution in the Stem

CVʔ CVC.CVʔ CVC.CVC.CVʔ CVˀO CVC.CVˀO CVC.CVC.CVˀO CV̰C CV̰C.CVC CVC.CV̰C.CVC (26) gaʔ ‘to eat’ (27) seˀb ‘to chop’ (28) bṵl ‘to be drunk’ (29) tupaˀd ‘to thresh’ (30) kinɖaʔ ‘river’ (31) go̰tuŋ ‘cloth’ (32) bio̰gi ‘cloth’

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Phonological Stem

Minimal Nominal Stems

  • bisyllabic
  • monosyllabic with glottal element

(33) ɖaʔ ‘water’ (34) baˀb ‘head’ (35) a̰l ‘husking pit’ (36) sṵr ‘hunting’ cf. sur ‘to hunt’

Creaky Voice in Loans

  • CVCV → CV̰CV

(37) ɖo̰pa ‘leaf bowl’ from T elugu doppa (38) ka̰ɖu ‘bangles’ from Desia Oriya kaɖu

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Suffixes

Affectedness/Medium

(39) koko#-tuʔ ‘He will sit.’ (40) ɖimaˀd#-tuʔ ‘He will sleep.’ (41)

  • r-gi'ɟ#-n-a̰j ‘It is not visible.’

Allomorphy?

  • glottal stop -ʔ
  • CVʔ
  • creaky voice V

̰

  • (C)V̰N
  • (C)V̰j
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Suffixes

Placement

(42) ne- 1sA- σ koko sit σσ # # #

  • tuʔ
  • NPST:AFF

σ (43) ɖuk be σ # # #

  • ḭŋ
  • 1sU:AFF

σ (44)

  • r-

NEG.F- σ giˀɟ see σ # # #

  • n
  • INF

.INTR

  • a̰j
  • CISL:AFF

σ (45) ɖuk be σ # # #

  • ḭŋ
  • 1sU:AFF

σ

  • aj
  • aj

σ

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Syllabification

Is there resyllabification?

  • gaˀd-u ‘cut-INF:TR’
  • /gaˀd.u/
  • /ga.ˀdu/

ɖa.bu ‘money’ ɖaˀb.u or ɖa.ˀbu ‘to cover’

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Historical Evidence

Correspondences

Gorum /ʔ/ : Sora /ʔ/ : Juray /ʔ/ Gorum /ˀd/ : Sora /d/ : Juray /d/ Gorum / ̰/ : Sora ∅ : Juray ∅

An example

Gorum a̰l ‘husking pit’ Sora ɔnoːl ‘husking pit’ Gutob saʔl ‘husking pit’ Kharia sol ‘husking pit’

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Conclusion

Summary

  • There is a clear prosodic dimension to glottal

constriction.

  • Glottal constriction is especially connected to

the (phonological) stem.

  • There seems to be a connection to syllable

weight.

  • Historical evidence for creaky voice is

problematic.

Outlook

  • Focus on prosodic structure in Gorum
  • Analyse glottal constriction in Juray: creaky

voice/glottal stop

  • What about Korku tone?
slide-20
SLIDE 20

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements

Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary

Previous Accounts

Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison

Prosodic Phonology

Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification

Historical Evidence Conclusion

. . . . . .

Thank You

felix.rau@gmail.com