GHG reduction potentials through resource efficient use of minerals - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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GHG reduction potentials through resource efficient use of minerals - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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GHG reduction potentials through resource efficient use of minerals and secondary raw material Dr. Monika Dittrich Mind the (ambition) gap! Potentials of resource efficiency for mitigating climate change Bonn, 8.11.2017 Agenda Use of

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GHG reduction potentials through resource efficient use of minerals and secondary raw material

  • Dr. Monika Dittrich

Mind the (ambition) gap! Potentials of resource efficiency for mitigating climate change – Bonn, 8.11.2017

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Dittrich 2 08.11.2017

Agenda

❶ Use of minerals and related GHG emissions in Germany ❷ Approaches to resource efficiency and its potential

  • potential in companies, examples
  • potential of sectors, examples

❸ Overall potential in Germany and conclusions

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Dittrich 3 08.11.2017

Metals and minerals in the German economy

Sources: UBA-Project DeteRess/ifeu-SSG URMOD

Metals and minerals account for

  • 56% of domestic extraction
  • 54% of imports
  • 68% of exports and
  • 54.4 % of material consumption

in Germany

=> Reducing use of metals and minerals is highly relevant for reducing resource consumption in Germany

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Dittrich 4 08.11.2017

Emissions of the mineral & basic metal industry

UBA, 2017: NIR; UBA 2014: THGND

All industries

(energy-& process based)

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Dittrich 5 08.11.2017

Approaches to improve resource efficient use

Processing Use phase Waste More efficient processing Extend the life span Reuse More efficient technology Sharing & borrowing „Using not possessing“ Remanufacturing Less material use or substitution of material Less demand & more sufficiency Recycling Improve energy efficiency & substitute fossil energy carriers by renewable energy carriers

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Dittrich 6 08.11.2017

Documentation of good examples, practices and tools (selection)

  • For Germany (available in English): www.resource-

germany.com with tools, studies and case studies

  • 100 case studies from the federal state „Baden-

Württemberg“

  • Resource efficiency atlas for central Europe

www.resourceefficiencyatlas.eu/good-practice-cases

  • UN Environment reports, e.g. resource efficiency
  • EPA, Victoria, Australia, case studies:

www.epa.vic.gov.au

  • Several further books on good practices, case studies
  • n industries, specific sectors etc.
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Dittrich 7 08.11.2017

Processing Use phase Waste More efficient processing Extend the life span Reuse More efficient technology Sharing & borrowing „Using not possessing“ Remanufacturing Less material use or substitution of material Less demand & more sufficiency Recycling Improve energy efficiency & substitute fossil energy carriers by renewable energy carriers

Approach to improve resource efficient use:

⇒ Savings include ⇒ Primary input of raw material ⇒ Waste stream in case of no re-use of offcuts ⇒ Energy input in case material is reused (e.g. metal plates)

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Dittrich 8 08.11.2017

Processing Use phase Waste More efficient processing Extend the life span Reuse More efficient technology Sharing & borrowing „Using not possessing“ Remanufacturing Less material use or substitution of material Less demand & more sufficiency Recycling Improve energy efficiency & substitute fossil energy carriers by renewable energy carriers

Approach to improve resource efficient use:

Schmidt et al., 2016: 100 Betriebe für Ressourceneffizienz

Example mechanical engineering, Jomatik: Challenge: produce very specific machinery in small amounts for individual clients Idea: change from subtractive production processes to additive manufacturing based

  • n new materials

Company: Higher precision of products, material input of 2 t/a vs. 13.3 t/a in conventional production process; energy input in production and processing 36,5 MWh vs. 878 MWh linked to CO2- emission 0,4 t/a vs. 133 t/a before

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Dittrich 9 08.11.2017

Processing Use phase Waste More efficient processing Extend the life span Reuse More efficient technology Sharing & borrowing „Using not possessing“ Remanufacturing Less material use or substitution of material Less demand & more sufficiency Recycling Improve energy efficiency & substitute fossil energy carriers by renewable energy carriers

Approach to improve resource efficient use:

Schmidt et al., 2016: 100 Betriebe für Ressourceneffizienz

Lightweight design: example material input per screw nut -21,7 % (-19,3 g CO2) Average reduction potential by lightweight design 15 - 30 % (UN Environment 2014b)

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Dittrich 10 08.11.2017

Demand for iron & steel

Scenario: technological change

  • lightweight construction of

cars and airplaines

  • substitution of metals &

minerals by wood in the housing sector

  • substitution of copper wires

by aluminum wires further reduction by 7 Mio. tRME metals ⇒ We can reduce iron demand by substitution and design and recycling, but there will always be a demand.

Sources: UBA-Project DeteRess/ifeu-SSG-ISI URMOD

Scenario: expected future development (AZE)

Including, among others, adopted policies until 2014 in energy, traffic and building sectors, moderate increasing recycling rates and overall trends

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Dittrich 11 08.11.2017

Tuyere Inputs:

  • wind (oxygen,

moisture)

  • plastics
  • coal, oil, gas

Taphole Output:

  • pig iron
  • slag

Blast furnace

Top Output:

  • waste Gas

Top Inputs:

  • coke (coking plant)
  • ore burden

Converter Input:

  • pig iron
  • scrap (max. 25 %)
  • oxygen

Converter Output:

  • raw steel

Challenge in iron&steel industry

Emissions: UBA, 2014

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Dittrich 12 08.11.2017

Tuyere Inputs:

  • wind (oxygen,

moisture)

  • plastics
  • coal, oil, gas

Taphole Output:

  • pig iron
  • slag

Blast furnace

Top Output:

  • waste gas

Top inputs:

  • coke (coking plant)
  • ore burden

Converter Input:

  • pig iron
  • scrap (max. 25 %)
  • oxygen

Converter Output:

  • raw steel

Electric arc furnace

Inputs:

  • scrap (max. 100 %)
  • iron sponge, pig iron
  • electric energy
  • oxygen, gas, coke

Output:

  • raw steel
  • slag

Output:

  • waste gas

Potential due to change of production process, including fuel switch and recycling

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Dittrich 13 08.11.2017

Recycling of minerals and its potential: material use in civil engeniering, street and railway construction

DeteRess for 2010 and 2030; Scenario AZE; MRIO, 2013 for road construction waste and share of recycling; http://www.kreislaufwirtschaft-bau.de/Arge/Bericht-08.pdf

Trends in Germany:

  • Slower net growth of road construction in future due to area sealing policy and

lower growth in further demand

  • Increasing need for maintanance of streets and railway construction

thus increasing potential of use of recycling materials (in 2010, 14 Mio. t of road construction waste is recycled, in 2030, up to max. 60 Mio. t could be recycled)

Recycling material Recycling material

Primary material in 2010 Primary material in 2030

up to

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Dittrich 14 08.11.2017

Recycling of minerals and its potential: GHG emission reduction potential

VDI-ZRE/Ökoinstitut, 2015. https://www.ressource- deutschland.de/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/studien/Studie_Ressourceneffizienz potenziale_im_Tiefbau.pdf

Resource efficiency potentials: BAU (similar AZE in road construction):

  • official planning of streets with

current techniques and recycling rates Resource efficient scenario:

  • exchange of layers instead of

covering

  • Higher recycling rate of asphalt
  • energy efficient asphalt

processing

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Dittrich 15 08.11.2017

Overall potential of greenhousegas reduction and resource efficiency measures

Assumptions include, amongst other,

  • Process changes in the iron & steel industry towards

electric arc furnace technology

  • Process changes in 50 % of the cement industry
  • Increases in recycling in metal and minerals
  • Different substitutions in metal and mineral use
  • …
  • Overall trends (population, decrease area sealing, …)
  • Transition towards 100% - renewables in the energy

sector

  • Increased interlinkage between sectors
  • …

UBA, 2017

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Dittrich 16 08.11.2017

Overall potential according to the study

  • GHG emissions decrease by -95 %
  • Industrial emissions decrease by -83 %
  • Material consumption (RMC) decreases by -60 %
  • Metal and mineral use decrease by -46 %
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Dittrich 17 08.11.2017

Conclusion: Mind the gap?

  • 1. Nearly all „small“ and „large“ changes towards improving

efficiency in resource use have a positive impact on greenhouse gas emission reduction, particularly if energy- and resource efficiency measures are linked

  • 2. Recycling is a potent strategy. In most cases, it goes along

with a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

  • 3. In Germany, infrastructure is built and has to be maintained

=> reduce new construction as far as possible due to nearly unavoidable lock-in effects

  • 4. In Germany, there are high investment costs to change

production systems (among other, fossil based energy mix, example steel production, …) => invest in emission free technology from the start

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Wilckensstraße 3 69120 Heidelberg Telefon +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 0 Telefax +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 19 www.ifeu.de Wilckensstraße 3 69120 Heidelberg Telefon +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 0 Telefax +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 19 www.ifeu.de

Thank you for your attention!

monika.dittrich@ifeu.de