Project 1481 Ash Behavior in E-Gas Gasification Systems Training Workshops Presented to: Reliance Industries Ltd. Confidential
Presentation Overview Agenda for Workshop Microbeam – description of company Capabilities Databases Tools – Analysis, testing, mechanisms, and modeling Workshop goal and objectives 2 Confidential
Subject Areas Fuel impurities and measurement 1. Impurity transformations in gasification 2. systems Impurity transport and deposit growth in 3. gasification systems Managing/predicting ash behavior in gasifiers 4. and syngas coolers 3 Confidential
Day 1. Workshop Overview and Subject Area 1. Fuel impurities and measurement 900 Introductions 930 Workshop Overview 1030 WS - 1 - Fuel Impurities: Fuel impurities - abundance and forms in Fuels 11:30 WS - 2 - Fuel Impurities Measurement: Fuel impurities - Methods of measurement – Overview 1230 Lunch 1330 WS - 3 - Standard methods of Measurement - Standards for analyzing fuel impurities 1430 WS - 4 - Advanced methods (minerals) - Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction 1530 Break 1600 WS - 5 - Advanced analysis (organic bound) - Chemical Fractionation 1730 WS - 6 - Review literature on subject area -- Discussion/Questions 4 Confidential
Day 2. Subject Area 2: Impurity transformations in gasification systems 900 Introductions 930 WS - 7 - Mineral forms - Thermal properties of mineral phases 1030 WS - 8 - Organic impurity forms - Thermal properties of organically associated elements 1130 WS - 9 - Gasification process - Partitioning impacts - slag formation/deposit growth 1230 Lunch 1330 WS - 10 - Impurity transformations-coarse ash particle formation and coalescence - coarse particle formation 1430 WS - 11 - Impurity transformations-fine particle formation through release of organically associated elements and vaporization/condensation 1530 Break 1600 WS - 12 - Impurity transformations-ultrafine particle formation - Homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation 5 Confidential
Day 3. Subject Area 2: Impurity transformations in gasification systems (continued) 900 Introductions 930 WS - 13 - Ash particle size composition - Particle size composition distribution (PSCD) of ash 1200 Lunch 1300 WS - 14 - Fuel type Impacts on PSCD - Impacts of coal rank and fuel properties 1500 Break 1530 WS - 15 - Review literature on subject area 2 6 Confidential
Day 4. Subject Area 3: Impurity transport and deposit growth in gasification systems 900 Introductions 930 WS - 16 - Intermediate Transport - Ash particle and vapor phase transport mechanisms 10:30 WS - 17 - Bonding phases/flow behavior - Chemistry and physical properties of phases responsible for ash bonding/sticking/flow 1200 Lunch 1300 WS - 18 - Corrosion layer - Steel/Alloy corrosion processes 1500 Break 1530 WS -18 - Continued 7 Confidential
Day 5. Subject Area 3: Impurity transport and deposit growth in gasification systems (Continued) 900 Introductions 930 WS - 19 - Ash particle sticking mechanisms - Sticking mechanisms - surface and particle properties - deposit growth 1030 WS - 20 - Initial layer composition - Impacts of vapor phase species on initial layers 1200 Lunch 1300 WS - 21 - Ash particle sticking -- Particle properties 1500 Break 1530 Discussion/ Questions 8 Confidential
Day 6. Subject Area 3: Impurity transport and deposit growth in gasification systems (Continued) 900 Introductions 930 WS - 22 - Sintering processes - General sintering processes in gasifiers 1030 WS - 23 - Sintering processes - high temp Sintering with reactive liquids - silicate based sintering/crystallization 1200 Lunch 1300 WS - 24 - Sintering processes - Low temp Sintering with less reactive liquids - sulfide and halogen based sintering 1500 Break 1530 WS - 25 - Sintering processes - Gas/Solid Sintering with less reactive liquids - pore filling - molecular cramming 9 Confidential
Day 7. Subject Area 3: Impurity transport and deposit growth in gasification systems (Continued) 900 Introductions 930 WS - 26 - Deposit thermal properties - Heat transfer through deposits - Dependency on deposit properties 1030 WS - 27 - Development of a captive surface -- Deposit surface properties - sintering liquid phase formation - slag flow behavior 1200 Lunch 1300 WS - 28 - Review literature on subject area -- Literature in this area will be provided and reviewed 1500 Break 1530 General discussion – review of key chemical and physical process important to managing/predicting 10 Confidential
Day 8. Subject Area 4: Managing/predicting ash behavior in gasifiers and syngas coolers 900 Introductions 930 WS - 29 - Past evolution of PC and CFB - Fuel type impacts on system design - Gasifier/syngas coolers 1030 WS - 30 - Ash formation -- Models to predict the particle size composition distribution in gasification systems 1130 WS - 31 - Slag flow -- Models to predict the flow behavior of ash/slag (T250, T80, TCV) 1230 Lunch 1330 WS - 32 - Transport models -- Models to predict the transport of ash particles to surfaces 1500 Break 1530 WS - 33 - Growth/sintering - Models to predict ash particle sticking behavior/growth/strength development 11 Confidential
Day 9. Subject Area 4: Managing/predicting ash behavior in gasifiers and syngas coolers (continued) 900 Introductions 930 WS - 34 - Deposit thermal property -- Models to predict deposit thermal properties 1030 WS - 35 - Integrated models -- Application of combustion system models to gasification - CFD based 1130 WS - 36 - Simplified integrated models - Advanced indices for gasifiers/syngas coolers 1230 Lunch 1330 WS - 37 - Deposit shedding - Impacts of fuel properties and operating parameters 1500 Break 1530 WS - 38 - On-line cleaning -- Force required to remove deposit - peak impact pressure 12 Confidential
Day 10. Subject Area 4: Managing/predicting ash behavior in gasifiers and syngas coolers (continued) 900 Introductions 930 WS - 39 - On-line cleaning - Effectiveness of soot blower, horn, pulse detonation, thermal shock etc 1030 WS - 40 - Additives to manage fouling - Overview of additives such as clays, bauxite, kaolinite, magnesium oxide etc 1130 WS - 41 - Synthetic slag formulations - Synthetic slags to optimize slag flow and minimize ash deposition 1230 Lunch 1330 WS - 42 - Laboratory methods -- Laboratory support for Reliance Gasification Technologies 1500 Break 1530 WS - 43 - Review literature on subject area 13 Confidential
Microbeam Technologies Inc. Commercial spin-off from the University of North Dakota Mission Provide advanced combustion and gasification system analysis and consulting services to minimize the impact of fuel impurities on combustion and gasification system performance 14 Confidential
Experience Base Conducted over 1480 projects for utilities, coal companies, power system developers, and research organizations worldwide since 1992 Advanced tools to predict the impacts of fuel impurities on gasification and combustion system performance Analysis of fuels, fly ash, corrosion products, deposit characteristics ~10,000 samples Behavior of inorganic components in combustion and gasification systems Characterization and optimization of system operating conditions 15 Confidential
Experience – Plant Performance Fuel properties – Coal (brown to anthracite), petroleum (coke and fuel oils), biomass (wood, grasses…), waste wood (hog fuels), waste paper Sorbent properties – limestone attrition and reactivity testing Plants Combustion – PC, cyclone, fluid bed Air pollution control systems – NOx (staging, SNCR, SCR), SO 2 /SO 3 (SDA, WFGD, DSI), particulate (ESP, FF), Mercury (oxidation, sorbents) Gasification – entrained flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, transport reactors Advanced systems – chemical looping 16 Confidential
Examples of Recent Projects Cyclone fired combustion systems Impacts of NOx reduction strategies on slag flow, ash partitioning (particulate loading), fouling/slagging Fuel properties – fuel selection and blending Entrained flow gasification Synthetic slag formulations for Pet coke fired slagging gasifiers Syngas cooler fouling Pulverized coal fired systems Blending to manage fuel properties Slag deposit strength for ash handling systems Particulate control – ash resistivity and cohesivity Fluidized bed combustion Small scale combustion testing - Ash properties – pH and leachability Bed agglomeration management for pet coke, biomass, waste combustion Mercury control Impacts of oxidizing agents – Hg capture and corrosion issues Additives for reduction of fine particulate and deposit formation Roadmap – Technology applications for the ND lignite industry 17 Confidential
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