[PPT] - Future Neutrino Beams at Fermilab Gina Rameika NNN10 Toyama, PowerPoint Presentation

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Future Neutrino Beams at Fermilab

Gina Rameika NNN10 – Toyama, Japan December 14-16, 2010

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Outline

Neutrinos and the Intensity Frontier
Neutrino Beams at Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) : MiniBooNE
NuMI : MINOS, MINERvA
Near-term upgrades and operations
NuMI for NOvA
Proton economics and the BNB : MicroBooNE,

future expt.

Longer-term projects and prospects
LBNE
Project X

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Three Frontiers for U.S. Particle Physics

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Fermilab Intensity Frontier Experiments

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MINOS MiniBooNE MINERvA SeaQuest NOvA MicroBooNE g-2? SeaQuest Now 2016 LBNE Mu2e Project X+LBNE mu, K, nuclear, … Factory ?? 2013 2019 2022

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Present and Planned Accelerator Complex

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High energy protons hit a target
Unstable pion and kaon charged particles are produced
The pions and kaons are “focused” by a magnetic field

to go in the desired direction

The pions and kaons decay into muons and muon type

neutrinos

The direction of the magnetic field determines whether

neutrinos or anti-neutrinos are (predominantly) generated

Components of a conventional accelerator neutrino beam

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Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB)

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Short baseline – Near surface

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BNB flux

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Small intrinsic rate  event ratio ~6x10-3

e e /µ

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Event spectra (for arbitrary POTs)

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Proton Delivery to BNB

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Depends on other demands for the protons

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Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI)

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Constructed 2000-2004 to send Neutrinos to Soudan, Minnesota For the MINOS experiment

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1200m 100m

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Components of the NuMI Beam

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Neutrino beam spectra is tunable by arrangement of target-horn separations

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POT delivery to NuMI

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~11x1017/day

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Off-axis Neutrino Beams

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NuMI to NOvA

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Need to upgrade the proton delivery rate to the NuMI target

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Accelerator and NuMI Upgrades (ANU) for NOvA

Changes to the FNAL Accelerator complex to
Turn Recycler from pbar to proton ring
Injection and extraction lines
Associated kickers and instrumentation
53 MHz RF
Decommission/remove pbar devices
Shorten MI cycle to 1.33 seconds
RF upgrades
Power Supply upgrades
Decommission/remove pbar devices
NuMI target station to 700 kW
Target & Horns to handle power
Configuration to maximize neutrino flux (Medium

Energy configuration)

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Context of ANU

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Collider Era operation: 11 booster batches (2 to pbar), 3.5e13 on target, 2.2

second cycle

18

NOvA Era operation: 12 booster batches, 4.9e13 on target, 1.33 second

cycle 5 Hz from Booster 7.8e16/hour 9 Hz from Booster 1.4e17/hour

No cycles to the BNB in this plan

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Rameika - NNN10 19 Mike Martens, NOvA Target and Horns 19

Primary Beamline Horn Power Supply

Target Pile Air Cooling System

(above shielding)

Target & Baffle Work Cell

(above shielding)

Horn 1 Horn 2 Low Energy Configuration

Stripline

Horn

Med. Energy

Configuration

Morgue

NuMI Design

NOvA†

Beam Power (kW)

400 700

Energy Spectrum Low Energy Medium Energy Cycle time (s)

1.87 1.33

Intensity (ppp)

4.0×1013 4.9×1013

Spot Size (mm)

1.0 1.3

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Baffle: Minor Changes

Aperture Increased from 11 mm to 13 mm diameter Alternative Clamp Material

Target: New Design

No Remote Longitudinal Motion Larger Target Casing Same Graphite Material, but wider target fins

Carrier: New Design

No Remote Longitudinal Motion Simpler Construction

Horn 1: Modifications for 700 kW

Thinner Outer Conductor Modified Stripline Geometry Additional Spray Cooling

Horn 2 : No Change

20

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NOvA Numbers

“700 kW” peak
4.3e12 protons/batch from Booster
12 spills every 4/3 second = 9 Hz
13.9e16 p/hr.
95% efficiency in MI
Comes out to 707 kW
Booster has never provided this much
6e20 Protons per year
44 weeks of running
61% total efficiency
Downtimes (accelerator and NuMI)
Average vs peak
Getting NOvA protons means that both the peak proton power

and the efficiency need to be maximized

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Current Booster Performance

~7.5 Hz (6.7 Hz w/ beam)

Hardware capable of ~9 Hz

1e17/hour (pushing administrative operational limits):

aperture improvements and loss reduction

89% efficiency

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Outlook for Booster Performance

The Booster appears presently able to produce about 13e16 protons/

hr at peak power

Within ~10% of NOvA peak demand
Recent Record week: 1.62e19 protons (9.6e16 p/hr)
Good operational efficiency
Limited by beam budget
Reliability becomes an increasing issue as rep rate increases
Not only a radiation problem
Magnitude of this effect is not understood
Another looming issue is additional users
mu2e @ 4.5 Hz (same or higher batch intensity)
MicroBooNE at up to 5 Hz
g-2 at up to 4 Hz
These can add up to easily 22e16 if Booster runs at 15 Hz
Not enough cycles to service all experiments simultaneously
Booster reliability is an issue

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Prospects for Increased Intensity

Booster performance has been improving, but

must remain an issue for future operation

Per batch intensity is at NOvA levels
Running rate is near the (present) operational limit
Extrapolating from the overhead in loss rates puts

Booster performance near NOvA levels (at peak)

Reliability of running at higher rates is a significant

question and is not accounted for in the extrapolation

Further experiments provide an additional risk
New study group formed
What needs to be done to make the Booster run for ~15

years?

What can be done to improve intensity reliability

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From Report Summary

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The Plan

To support program operation through 2025
Both the 8 GeV and the 120 GeV programs do need

additional improvements

 Booster Solid State Upgrade

 Improved reliability of RF Power Amplifiers

 Increase repetition rate to 15 Hz

 Improved electrical infrastructure  Improved cooling for RF cavities  Requires solid state upgrade

 New shielding assessment and associated shielding improvements

 Operational limits  Additional shielding in tunnel  Office occupancy

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NOvA Timeline

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When 700kW operation begins depends on if the Tevtron collider runs past 2011 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Requires $$$ for collider ops

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BNB/MicroBooNE Timeline

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Proton Intensity and running time depend on Collider schedule and NOvA readiness and run plan

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Take Away

Intensity frontier neutrino program for the next

decade puts demands on the accelerator complex

Improvements in both hardware and operational

efficiency of the Booster complex will be required if the currently approved physics program is to be successful

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2008 P5 Report

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Fermilab to Homestake Mine – 1300km

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Why longer baseline is better

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(GeV)

!

E 1 10 POT

21

CC evts/GeV/100kT/10

!

! 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

2

= 2.5e-03 eV

31 2

m " CC spectrum at 1300km,

!

! Appearance Probability 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

/2 # =

cp

$ = 0.02,

13

% 2

2

sin =0

cp

$ = 0.02,

13

% 2

2

sin

/2 # =-

cp

$ = 0.02,

13

% 2

2

sin

= n/a

cp

$ =0,

13

% 2

2

sin (GeV)

!

E 1 10 POT

21

CC evts/GeV/100kT/10

!

! 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

2

= -2.5e-03 eV

31 2

m " CC spectrum at 1300km,

!

! Appearance Probability 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

/2 # =

cp

$ = 0.02,

13

% 2

2

sin =0

cp

$ = 0.02,

13

% 2

2

sin

/2 # =-

cp

$ = 0.02,

13

% 2

2

sin

= n/a

cp

$ =0,

13

% 2

2

sin

s

e

Number of

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

bars

e

Number of

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

=1.

bar, 700kW, 10kT
, 5yr
1300km, 5yr

NH IH

s

e

Number of

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

bars

e

Number of

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

=1.

bar, 700kW, 10kT
, 5yr
5yr

1300km 810km

sin2 2θ13 = 0.08,0.04,0.02,0.01

sin2 2θ13 = 0.04

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NEW

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Neutrino Beam Components

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Reference design for CDR Cost & Schedule Horn PS can switch polarity via control system Nu-nubar data in same time period

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This intensity implies that The Long Baseline Exp. will need to run for a LONG time

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NEW Radiation exposures

Why 2.3 MW?

Need a plan to deal with the proton economics and ageing Accelerator complex

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Project X Mission

A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation

experiments

2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV
High intensity, low energy protons

for kaon and muon based precision experiments

Operations simultaneous with the

neutrino program

A path toward a muon source for

possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider

Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV .
Possible missions beyond P5
Standard Model Tests with nuclei and energy applications

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Project X Reference Design

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This design has emerged

ver a 3 year period
f consideration of various
ptions

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Project X Scope

3 GeV CW superconducting H- linac, capable of delivering 1

mA average beam current.

Flexible provision for variable beam structures to multiple users
Starts at ion source; ends at 3-way split (with stubs)
Supports rare processes programs
Provision for 1 GeV extraction for nuclear energy program
3-8 GeV pulsed linac capable of delivering 300 kW at 8 GeV
Supports the neutrino program
Establishes a path toward a muon based facility
Upgrades to the Recycler and Main Injector to provide

≥ 2 MW to the neutrino production target at 60-120 GeV.

Ends at MI extraction kicker
Supports the long baseline neutrino program
All interconnecting beamlines

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LBNE Project Time Line

DOE CD-0 (Approve Mission Need)

January 2010

CD-1 2nd half CY2011*
CD-2 (Project baseline) depending on

funding . . . mid/late FY2013

CD-3 (start construction) depending
n funding . . . 2014 ~ 2015
Project complete : no sooner than 2020

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Currently dealing with TPC (total project funding) issues and DOE-NSF partnership issues

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Project X Timeline

Assumed Critical Decision dates
CD-0: January 2011
CD-1: July 2012
CD-2: August 2013
CD-3: September 2014
CD-4: September 2019

Project X could also be up and running in ~2020 : All depends on funding profiles…

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5 yr construction

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Evolution of the Intensity Frontier : it’s all about the protons

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20x1020 POT/yr 10x1020 POT/yr : not current plan 6 - 7x1020 POT/yr 3x1020 POT/yr

NuMI to MINOS

ProjectX