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From Phosphorus to Fish? Floating Island Case Study at Fish Fry Lake - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
From Phosphorus to Fish? Floating Island Case Study at Fish Fry Lake - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
From Phosphorus to Fish? Floating Island Case Study at Fish Fry Lake Mark Reinsel, Ph.D., P.E. Apex Engineering, PLLC Missoula, MT Bruce Kania Floating Island International, Inc. Shepherd, MT Topics Nutrient issues Floating islands for
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Topics
- Nutrient issues
- Floating islands for nutrient removal
- Biological harvesting for phosphorus reduction
- Other water quality improvements due to
floating islands
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Nutrient Reduction Issues
– New Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) standards being implemented by EPA/DEQ across the nation for nitrogen and phosphorus – Compliance may cost Montana municipalities as much as $1 billion – “Nutrient trading” may be cost‐effective for larger Montana municipalities – Floating islands can serve as “polishing” treatment step and can provide platform for biological harvesting
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What are Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs)?
- Constructed of post‐consumer polymer matrix
- Foam added for initial buoyancy
- Typically planted with native vegetation
- Two variations:
BioHavens (2005): Static system Leviathan (2010): Aeration + circulation
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Add plants and surface area is increased, and synergies between chemistry and biology are enhanced
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Extensive root system (New Zealand)
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Leviathan
- Floating Treatment Streambed
- Also constructed of post‐consumer polymer
matrix
- Typical thickness = 25 inches
- Surface area = 300 ft2/ft3
- Up to 35 acres of surface area
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Montana FTW Studies
- Fish Fry Lake (Shepherd): lake restoration
- Rehberg Ranch (Billings): wastewater
- Metra Park (Billings): stormwater
- City of Billings: wastewater
- Other Montana connections:
– Funding from Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology – Working with MSU Center for Biofilm Engineering
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Fish Fry Lake
- 6.5 acres
- Impacted by agricultural effluent
- Average depth = 9 ft; max. depth = 30 ft
- BioHavens: 7000 ft2
- Leviathan: 1250 ft2
- Nutrient loading, turbidity, stratification
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Diffuser (200 gpm) Fountain
Diffuser (200 gpm) Diffuser (400 gpm)
Leviathan (2000 gpm)
7/6/10
General direction of water flow (approx. 80 gpm average)
7/12/10 6/15/10 April ‘09 7/12/10
FISH FRY LAKE WATER FLOW AND AERATION/CIRCULATION
Date implemented Lake
Ditch (variable flow) Groundwater (80 gpm)
Upper Wetland
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Fish Harvesting
– Intensive fishing on FFL began in May 2011 – Experienced fishermen catch 1 fish/2 minutes – Example on 10/13/11: Owner and friends caught 166 perch weighing 35 pounds – Total harvest in 2011 = 422 lbs. (8.1 lbs/wk) – YTD harvest in 2012 (thru 9/23) = 1091 lbs. (28.7 lbs/wk thru 38 wks)
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Fish Size
Fish Fry Lake Jackson Study inches mm (mm)* Ratio Age 1 6.7 170 126 135% Age 2 8.7 221 186 119% Age 3 10.8 274 236 116% Age 4 12.5 318 264 120% * 95th percentile data for North American yellow perch from Jackson & Quist (1991)
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P Removal Via Fish
- Phosphorus inflow
– 0.041 mg/L * 80 gal/min = 0.276 lbs P/wk
- Phosphorus harvest via fish
– 28.7 lbs/wk * 1 lb P/100 lbs fish = 0.287 lbs P/wk
- Harvest/Inflow = 0.287/0.276 = 104%
- For average fish weighing 0.25 lb, 220 min/wk
(3.7 hrs/wk) of fishing time is required to keep up with incoming phosphorus
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Additional Harvesting
- Fish: 1% P by live weight = 10.7 lbs P
- Bullfrogs: Assume 1% P by live weight
– 224 harvested in 2012 YTD – 101 lbs = 1.01 lbs P
- Weeds: 0.1% P by wet weight
– Coontail, musk grass, water nymph – 93.5 canoe loads in 2012 YTD = 37,400 lbs = 37.4 lbs P
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Water Quality Effects in Fish Fry L.
– Nitrate‐N: 0.55 mg/L 0.01 mg/L – Phosphate‐P: 0.041 mg/L 0.025 mg/L – Water clarity improved from 14 inches of visibility (2008) to 19 feet (winter of 2011)
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BEFORE
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AFTER
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Temperature/DO Results
- Stratification essentially eliminated
- Livable zone for trout dramatically increased
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40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 2 4 6 8 10 12 5 10 15 20 25 Temperature (Deg F) DO (mg/L) Depth (ft)
Fish Fry Lake -- Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Improvements
Dissolved Oxygen 2009 Dissolved Oxygen 2010 Temperature 2009 Temperature 2010 DO Improvement T Improvement
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5 10 15 20 25
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
- Max. Depth (ft) at Which DO Exceeds 5.5 mg/L
July Data
Maximum Livable Depth for Yellowstone Cutthroat
2009 2010
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