Free-Space Laser Communications: The Japanese Experience Morio - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Free-Space Laser Communications: The Japanese Experience Morio - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Free-Space Laser Communications: The Japanese Experience Morio Toyoshima Morio Toyoshima Morio Toyoshima Morio Toyoshima National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Email: morio@nict.go.jp ECOC, Vienna, Austria

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SLIDE 1

Free-Space Laser Communications: The Japanese Experience

Morio Toyoshima Morio Toyoshima

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Morio Toyoshima Morio Toyoshima

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Email: morio@nict.go.jp

ECOC, Vienna, Austria ECOC, Vienna, Austria

  • Sept. 24, 2009
  • Sept. 24, 2009
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SLIDE 2

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Trends of data rates
  • Past and current optical space communication programs

in Japan

– ETS-VI/LCE program

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

– OICETS/LUCE program – Development of digital coherent receivers – Development of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) terminals

  • Japanese Data Relay Test Satellite (DRTS) at JAXA
  • About the wavelength selection
  • Concluding remarks

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SLIDE 3

ERS1 Radarsat1 Envisat1 ERS2 Spot5 IRS-1C Sunsat JERS1 ADEOS1 ADESO2 ALOS EOS-PM1 Landsat4 Landsat5 Landsat7 Ikonos2 Clark Geo-Eye-1 TerraSAR-X 1.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.0E+10 bit/sec)

Trends of data rate for Earth observation satellite

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

Orbview2 Spot1 Spot2 Spot3 Spot4 IRS-1A IRS-1B IRS P4 Sunsat JERS1 ADEOS1 ADESO2 MOS1aMOS1b Resurs-01 N3 Landsat1 Landsat2 Landsat3 Terra TRMM GOES8 MeteosatSG DFH49 GMS4 GMS5 MT-Sat Elektro1 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Data rate (bit Launch year

Earth observation satellite (LEO) Earth observation satellite (GEO)

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SLIDE 4

SILEX OICETS TerraSAR-X Digital coherent NeLS 1.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 ate [bit/sec]

Trends of data rate for space laser comm.

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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SILEX ETS-VI 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Launch year Data rate Space qualified Ground test

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SLIDE 5

R&D on optical space communications in NICT

ETS-VI LCE ARTEMIS OPALE(ESA) GEO GMS-2 GMS-3 GMS-4

Laser Trasmission Laser Trasmission Ar Ar laser+ CO laser+ CO2

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OICETS LUCE

Optical Tracking Optical Tracking GEO GEO-

  • GND

GND Laser Comm. Laser Comm. GEO GEO-LEO LEO Two Two-

  • way Laser Comm.

way Laser Comm.

NeLS (NICT)

Development

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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1990 2000 2010

LEO GND

1980

Laser Trasmission Laser Trasmission Experiment Experiment Laser Ranging Laser Ranging

LUCE (JAXA)

LEO LEO-

  • GND

GND Two Two-

  • way

way Laser Comm. Laser Comm.

NICT OGS (1.5m Telescope System) AJISAI, AJISAI, ADEOS, ADEOSII, ADEOS, ADEOSII, LRE, ALOS, ETS LRE, ALOS, ETS-

  • VIII

VIII

LEO LEO-

  • GND

GND 1.064 1.064 μm m Laser Tracking Laser Tracking

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SLIDE 6

Laser communications experiment using ETS-VI satellite (Dec. 1994 - July 1996)

  • 1 Mbps IMDD bi-directional
  • ptical link experiment at a

distance of ~40,000 km.

  • 22 kg, 60 W onboard

equipment verification

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009 NICT/CRL Optical Ground Station ETS-VI Laser Communication Equipment (LCE)

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SLIDE 7

Uplink and downlink laser beams for the ETS-VI satellite

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009 Uplink laser beam from the NICT/CRL ground station Downlink laser beam from the ETS-VI satellite

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SLIDE 8

OICETS satellite system

Optical Antenna 1.8 m 1.8 m ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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Solar Array Paddle S-band Antennas

Satellite size 0.78x1.1x1.5 m Mass 570 kg Mission life 1 year Altitude 610 km (circular) Inclination 98 deg. 9.4 m 9.4 m

Courtesy of JAXA

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SLIDE 9

Laser communication terminal

Optical Antenna EL Cable Rap Cable Wrap ＨＣＥ Azimuth (AZ) axis

Size 1.24×0.98×0.57 m Mass

  • Approx. 140 kg

Power consumption

  • Approx. 220 W

(during communication)

Courtesy of JAXA ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

Elevation (EL) axis EL Gimbal Yoke AZ Motor/Encoder AZ Cable Rap Inter Optics Part EL Encoder EL Motor Cable Wrap

LUCE (Laser Utilizing Communications Equipment) LUCE (Laser Utilizing Communications Equipment)

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SLIDE 10

Configuration of the experiment

Laser communication

RF link (Satellite control) ESA/ARTEMIS

OICETS/Kirari satellite

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009 NICT (Japan) JAXA Kirari operation center (Tsukuba Space Center)

(Satellite control)

NASA JPL (U.S.) DLR (Germany) ESA (Spain) International cooperation International cooperation between 4 OGSs between 4 OGSs

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SLIDE 11

OICETS scenario

  • Event -
  • Separation (changed)
  • Spin mode (changed)
  • Solar paddle deployment
  • Sun acquisition mode
  • Earth acquisition mode

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

  • Earth acquisition mode
  • Launch lock off
  • Trajectory control
  • 3-axis stabilized attitude

control

  • Optical communication

with ARTEMIS

  • Optical communication

with NICT ground station

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SLIDE 12

Acquisition and tracking

Wide FOV CCD CCD at Tx bench ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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FOV CCD Tx bench Guide Telescope CCD at Rx bench

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SLIDE 13

Statistics of link establishment

Link established 32% Cloud 25% Spacecraft/

  • peration error

7%

  • Probability of success during

all the experiments

– NICT: 49.1 % – NASA JPL: 57.1 % – DLR: 60.0 % – ESA: 88.9 % ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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Link established (interrupted by clouds) 12% Link established through thick clouds 5% Rain 21%

  • Total probability of success

between Earth and space:

– 1-[(1-0.491)x(1-0.571) x(1-0.60)x(1-0.889)] = 0.9903

  • Four OSGs combination will

help to download massive data from space with the probability

  • f 99%.

Statistics of link establishment at NICT

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SLIDE 14

Digital coherent receiver aiming for free-space laser communications

  • Interoperability between IMDD and coherent technologies (1.064 &

1.5 μm) which allow us to communicate with ESA’s coherent terminals

  • Signal fading caused by atmospheric turbulence can be compensated

by the real-time digital signal processing (DSP).

  • No optical PLL because commercially available local lasers can be

used as free-running conditions.

  • Optical devices at 1.5 μm are available.

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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  • Mod. formats:
  • IMDD
  • Coherent (1.0 & 1.5 μm)
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SLIDE 15

Development of real-time digital coherent receiver ~ Implementation of FPGAs ~

  • 3 Gbps BPSK real-time coherent receiver in 2007

– 2xADC: NS ADC083000 – FPGA: Xilinx Virtex-4/FX100

  • 6 Gbps BPSK real-time coherent receiver in 2008

– 4xADC: NS ADC083000 – 2xFPGA: Xilinx Virtex-4 & Virtex-5

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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– 2xFPGA: Xilinx Virtex-4 & Virtex-5

  • Dual wavelengths free-space optical 90 degree hybrid

– Two wavelengths (1.064 &1.5 μm) can be received without no reconfiguration. – High I/Q extinction ratio: >50 dB

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SLIDE 16

Development of QKD terminals

~1-km free-space QKD experiments~

Alice Alice NICT NICT Hotel Mets Kokubunji Hotel Mets Kokubunji NICT NICT Bob Bob

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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Alice Alice Bob Alice Alice ~1km 1km JR Kokubunji JR Kokubunji station station

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SLIDE 17

Japanese Data Relay Satellite at JAXA

Data Relay Test Satellite “Kodama”

Data Relay Satellite

“ALOS” ALOS2

Low earth orbit

1~2 DRTSs will be in operation.

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/09/20090909_sac_oicets.pdf ( in Japanese)

“ALOS” ALOS2 ALOS3

Research Development

R&D of next generation optical intersatellite technology

Optical terminal can be compact and several ones can be onboard GEO.

Wavelength:1.064 um Data rate: 2.5 Gbps Mod: Homodyne BPSK PLL: Optical PLL 1~2 DRTSs will be in operation.

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SLIDE 18

Trends of data rate and the receiver sensitivity

TerraSAR-X Digital coherent NeLS DPSK(2003) RZ-AMI(2003)

RZ-DPSK(2004)

DPSK(2008)

1.0E+09 1.0E+12 1.0E+15 ata rate [bit/s] WDM Technique 1064 or 1550 nm 1550 nm

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

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ETS-VI OICETS SILEX

1.0E+03 1.0E+06 1.0E+09 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 Da Sensitivity@BER=10-6 or 10-9 [photons/bit] Space qualified Ground test Classical limit (Shannon limit) 800 nm

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SLIDE 19

Concluding Remarks

  • ETS-VI/LCE successfully demonstrated the ground-to-

satellite optical communication experiments.

  • OICETS/LUCE succeeded to establish the inter-satellite

and ground-to-satellite links. The precise acquisition and pointing technology necessary for a LEO to GEO link was confirmed.

ECOC, Vienna, Austria, Sept. 24, 2009

  • International cooperation is important for site diversity.
  • Current R&D was presented related to the digital

coherent receiver and the QKD experiments.

  • For the wavelength selection, 1.064 μm will be used at

this moment. However, 1.5 μm technology will be the next lead for the higher data demands even in space laser communications.

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