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Foundations Color for Data Vis Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Foundations Color for Data Vis Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me University of Edinburgh 2020 Outline What is color? Color in visualization Color Scales Sequential, diverging, categorical scales Rainbow color map Color blindness What is

  1. Foundations Color for Data Vis Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me University of Edinburgh 2020

  2. Outline What is color? Color in visualization Color Scales Sequential, diverging, categorical scales Rainbow color map Color blindness

  3. What is Color?

  4. ~120 million rods 400-700nm ~6 million cones

  6. Color Models Subtractive Additive Models Models

  7. What is color?

  8. HSB Model: Hue, Saturation, Brightness Color = (Brightness/Lightness, Saturation, Hue)

  9. HSB Color Picker

  10. Color in Visualization

  11. Visual Variables

  12. http://innovis.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/innovis/uploads/Publications/Publications/Carpendale_visual_variables.pdf

  14. Color Scales

  15. More examples of color scales (ColorBrewer)

  17. Colorbrewer.org

  18. Sequential Scales

  19. More examples of color scales (ColorBrewer)

  20. Sequential color scales Single hue: Multi hue: https://github.com/d3/d3-scale-chromatic

  21. Mapping color scales Linear Data value Non-linear Stepwise

  23. Median Median

  24. Median Median

  25. 10% 8 18

  28. 10%

  29. Diverging Scales

  30. More examples of color scales (ColorBrewer)

  31. Diverging color scale Multi hue:

  35. Categorical Scales

  36. More examples of color scales (ColorBrewer)

  39. I Want Hue

  44. Rainbow Color Maps

  45. More examples of color scales (ColorBrewer)

  47. http://innovis.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/innovis/uploads/Publications/Publications/Carpendale_visual_variables.pdf

  48. Color Maps Rainbow: Diverging:

  49. Rainbow Colormap

  50. Rainbow Colormap

  51. Color (mis)use

  52. Lightness perception of rainbow color maps

  53. Rainbow colormap Pros: - Many different values - Compare similar values Cons: - Colors hardly orderable - Introduces sharp jumps in values - Hides overall patterns - Overemphasizes certain values - Is not black/white nor colorblind save!

  54. Linear Rainbow map

  56. Color Blindness

  58. Normal vison Deuteranopia Protanopia Tritanopia

  59. Protanopia Deuteranopia Tritanopia "If a submitted manuscript 8% happens to go to three male reviewers of Northern European descent, the 0.5% chance that at least one will be color blind is 22 percent ."

  61. www.color-blindness.com Normal Types of color blindness

  62. Colorblind safe palettes Colorbrewer.org: Diverging Sequential Categorical

  63. Redundant encoding

  64. Further applications in DataVis

  65. Meaning of colors across cultures

  67. Take home messages: ● Color = hue + lightness + saturation ● Chose a color scale that fits your data ● Avoid rainbow color palettes ● Test your color palettes for colorblindness ● Whatever increases accessibility for some fraction of the population, increases accessibilty overall.

  68. Further reading Wong, Bang. "Points of view: Color blindness." (2011): 441. ● Tamara Munzner: Visualization Analysis and Design, 2016; ● Chapter 10: Map Color and Other Channels https://www.color-blindness.com/types-of-color-blindness ● Colin Ware: Information Visualization—Perception for Design, ● 2012

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