Forests September 18 th , 2013 About the SunShot Solar Outreach - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Forests September 18 th , 2013 About the SunShot Solar Outreach - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Maximum Solar at the Heart of Urban Forests September 18 th , 2013 About the SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership The SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership (SolarOPs) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program designed to increase the use and

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Maximum Solar at the Heart of Urban Forests

September 18th, 2013

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About the SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership

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The SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership (SolarOPs) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program designed to increase the use and integration of solar energy in communities across the US.

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Links to SolarOPs and ICLEIUSA: SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership www.solaroutreach.org Follow @SolarOutreach ICLEI – Local Government For Sustainability USA

www.icleiusa.org Follow @ICLEI_USA

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  • Chad Tudenggongbu, ICLEI – Local Governments For

Sustainability

  • David Morley, Senior Research Associate, Planning Advisory

Service Coordinator/Co-editor of Zoning Practice at American Planning Association

  • Daniel C. Staley, DCS Consulting Services
  • Sara Davis, Program Manager, Office of the City Forester, Parks

& Recreation, City and County of Denver

Speakers

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Balancing Solar Energy Use and Tree Preservation Through Local Planning

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Communities Pursue Multiple Goals

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A Sustainable Community

Livability Harmony with Nature Economic Resilience Social Equity Public Health Regional Cooperation Authentic Participation

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Communities Pursue Multiple Goals

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  • p-Level Goal:

Harmony with Nature

2nd-Level Goal:

Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption

3rd-Level Goal:

Reduce Fossil Fuel Demand

Sub-Goals/Strategies:

  • Energy Efficient Construction
  • Tree Preservation/Proliferation

3rd-Level Goal:

Increase Renewable Energy Supply

Sub-Goals/Strategies:

  • Solar Energy Use
  • Wind Energy Use
  • Geothermal Energy Use
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Communities Pursue Multiple Goals

Solar Energy Use + Tree Preservation and Proliferation

Public Health Harmony with Nature Economic Resilience

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  • Solar Irradiance as a

Local Resource

– Can be used to produce heat or electricity – Using it may affect the use or conservation of

  • ther resources

A Planning Perspective

Images: Genesis Energy Solutions; Millennium Planet

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  • Trees as Local

Resources

– Can be harvested for wood and by-products – Can be preserved or planted for ecosystem services – Preserving or planting them may affect the use

  • r conservation of other

resources

A Planning Perspective

Image: Spacing Toronto

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  • There is an inherent (potential) conflict between

solar energy use and trees.

A Planning Perspective

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  • Approach issues comprehensively

A Planning Perspective

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Land Use Transportation Energy and Climate Change Housing Community Facilities Economic Development

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  • Consider long-term implications

A Planning Perspective

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Year 30 Year 20 Year 10 Year 0

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  • Resource studies/analyses

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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Energy Innovation Corridor – Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN

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  • Local Plans

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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Communitywide Comprehensive Plan

Neighborhood Plans

Corridor Plans Special District Plans Green Infrastructure Plan Energy Plan Climate Action Plan

Subarea Plans Functional Plans

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  • Example: Pleasanton, CA,

General Plan

– Policy 4: Program 4.2: Continue to implement parking lot tree planting standards that would substantially cool parking areas and help cool the surrounding

  • environment. Encourage

landscaping conducive to solar panels in areas where appropriate.

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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  • Example: Lake Oswego, OR,

Sustainability Plan

– Proposed Action: Revise Solar Access codes to be more user-friendly and efficient; include public conversation about inherent conflicts between tree protection and solar access protection (as part of green building program)

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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  • Development Regulations

– Subdivision Codes

  • Minimizing conflicts through site design standards

– Zoning Codes

  • Minimizing conflicts through tree

preservation/landscaping and solar access standards

  • Minimizing conflicts through community solar

permissions

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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  • Example: Berkeley, CA, Municipal Code, Chapter 12.45, Solar

Access and Views The purpose of this chapter is to:

  • 1. Set forth a procedure for the resolution of disputes between private

property owners relating to the resolution of sunlight or views lost due to tree growth…

The objectives of this chapter are:

  • 1. To preserve and promote the aesthetic and practical benefits which

trees provide for individuals and the entire community;

  • 2. To discourage ill-considered harm to or destruction of trees;
  • 3. To encourage the use of solar energy for heat and light;
  • 6. To encourage the maintenance of positive relationships within a

neighborhood when there is conflict ...

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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  • Examples: Communities that explicitly permit community

solar projects:

– Cleveland Heights, OH (§1165.02(i)) – Baltimore, MD (§14-306) – Boulder County, CO (§4-514.G&L)

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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  • Public Engagement/Awareness Strategies

– Mapping Tools – Permitting Assistance – Informational Brochures – Development Project Consultations

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  • ols to Minimize Conflicts

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  • Solar Community Engagement

Strategies for Planners

  • Solar Mapping
  • Integrating Solar Energy Use into Local

Plans

  • Integrating Solar Energy Use into Local

Development Regulations

  • Balancing Solar Energy Use with

Potential Competing Interests

  • Recycling Land for Solar Energy

Development www.planning.org/research/solar/

Planning for Solar Energy Briefing Papers

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Senior Research Associate American Planning Association dmorley@planning.org 9/18/2013

David Morley, AICP

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Solar Energy and Urban Forests: Solutions at Scale

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  • History
  • Current and Future States of Rooftop Solar

Energy Collection

  • Solutions at Scale

Overview

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  • Long history of “Right to Light”
  • Ancient Greeks: purposely planned built

environment to receive sunlight

  • 4th – 6th century Roman empire: Code of Justinian
  • Spanish colonization: Laws of the Indies
  • British: “Ancient Lights”, “Leylandii Law”

History

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Spanish grid next to Jeffersonian grid in Los Angeles

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  • Laws rooted in British Common Law, but no

“Right to Light” in USA, Canada

  • Legal precedents
  • Hodgepodge of local laws
  • Legal protections vary

History

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  • Trees used in lieu of wall cavity insulation to

condition buildings

  • 20th century trend away from design solutions

for building conditioning

  • From gables, awnings
  • To using energy
  • Built environment durable

History

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Costs plummeting, installations soaring

Current State of Solar

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  • Only 25% of U.S. roofs suitable for solar

collection1

  • Social forces driving installations
  • “Green signaling”
  • Severe weather increasing
  • Energy independence

Current State

  • 1. Denholm and Margolis, 2008. Supply Curves for Rooftop Solar PV-Generated Electricity for the

United States. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.

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  • Several forecasts of solar grid-parity by next

decade

  • Solar continues technological trend similar to

“Moore’s Law” in computing

  • More initiatives like California to encourage

solar

Future State of Solar

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  • Parcel-scale

Ordinance, covenant, easement, standard, professional design, guideline, educational material…

Solutions at Scale

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  • Street-scale

Ordinance, covenant, easement – post-disaster planning…

Solutions at Scale

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  • Neighborhood-scale

Ordinance, covenant

Solutions at Scale

All solutions from: Staley, D.C. 2013. Urban Forests and Solar Power Generation: Partners in urban heat island mitigation. Int.Journ. Low Carbon Technol. 8:3 35

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  • Many European countries reduce cost by

standardizing permitting

  • Initial success in US from permit reform, Best

Management Practices

  • http://solarcommunities.org/
  • Solar Energy Industry Assn.
  • American Planning Assn.
  • Aforementioned solutions can fold into permit

process, ordinances

Solutions: Permitting

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  • No legal basis for right to light in U.S., Canada
  • Tree shade is used to condition the majority of older

building envelopes

  • Solar power on rooftops will be common soon
  • Design paradigms must change to accommodate

trees and urban forests

  • Arborists and solar industry are good partners for

solar-friendly development

Conclusions

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http://danstaley.net staley.dan@gmail.com September 18, 2013

Dan Staley

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The Urban Forester’s Perspective

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Metro Denver urban forest value

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  • 10.7 million trees
  • Asset value of $13.1 billion
  • $551 million in annual

environmental services and property value

  • 86,370 megawatt savings via

shading

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Denver Housing Authority enters into a power purchasing agreement for 2.513 megawatts installed at 668 sites Intersection of public amenities and private property

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Public amenity vs. private benefit

Lessons learned

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Lessons learned

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Lessons learned

  • Specie: silver maple
  • DBH: 30”
  • Condition: good
  • Appraised value: $13,000
  • Status: slated for removal
  • Removal cost: $592.50

Annual Benefits

  • Storm water: 3,294 gallons
  • Energy: 69 kWh conserved
  • 12 therms
  • Atmospheric CO2 reduction:

1,150 pounds

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iTree

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iTree

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IMBY

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IMBY

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Lessons learned

Tree

  • Appraised value:

$13,000

  • Removal cost:

$592.50 Solar collector

  • Cost after incentives:

$3,800

  • Payback: 11.11 years
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Lessons learned

Tree

  • Appraised value: $21,400
  • Removal cost: $711.00

Solar collector

  • Cost after incentives: $9,200
  • Payback: 5.97 years
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Public amenity vs. private benefit

Lessons learned

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Program Manager City and County of Denver, Office of the City Forester sara.davis@denvergov.org 720-913-0631 9/18/13

Sara Davis

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solar-usa@iclei.org solaroutreach.org ICLEIUSA.org

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