Flight of the Three Regicides v Oliver Cromwells cousin, Edward - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Flight of the Three Regicides v Oliver Cromwells cousin, Edward - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 15, 2022 188 likes •628 views

Flight of the Three Regicides v Oliver Cromwells cousin, Edward Whalley v Whalleys son-in-law, William Goffe v John Dixwell Distribution of Religious Groups European North American Empires: New France French in Canada (Samuel de

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Flight of the Three Regicides

v Oliver Cromwell’s

cousin, Edward Whalley

v Whalley’s son-in-law,

William Goffe

v John Dixwell

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Distribution of Religious Groups

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European North American Empires: New France

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French in Canada (Samuel de Champlain)

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The French established forts and settlements that would become such cities as Quebec, Montreal, Detroit, Green Bay, St. Louis, Cape Girardeau, Mobile, Biloxi, Baton Rouge and New Orleans

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Frontenac and Indian Allies

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European North American Empires: New Spain

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Jose de Galvez, 1769

Audacious Plans for “The Sacred Expedition”

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Jose de Galvez’s Audacious Plan “The Sacred Expedition”

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Galvez’s Failed Attempts to Recruit Howler Monkeys from Guatemala

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Empires at War

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European Wars in North America A Theater of the “Second Hundred Years War”

v King William’s, 1688-97 v Queen Anne’s, 1701-14 v Jenkins’s Ear, 1739-48 v King George’s, 1744-48 v French & Indian, 1754-63 v The Revolution, 1775-83 v (War of 1812: 1812-1815)

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Timeline of American Wars

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European North American Empires

v What were the

consequences of these conflicts in North America?

v How did the relationship

between London and the colonies change over time as a result of these conflicts?

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King William’s War, 1689-1697 (also called the Nine Years’ War, the War of the Grand Alliance

  • r the War of the League of Augsburg)
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Queen Anne’s War, 1702-1713 (War of the Spanish Succession)

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Anglo-French War of 1754-1763

Thirteen Colonies: French & Indian War Europe: Seven Years War French Canada: War of the Conquest

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The “Seven Year’s War”

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“French and Indian War,” 1754-1763

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Franklin’s editorial (1754) Urging unification of the colonies. 1st political cartoon in an American paper. 1st symbol of unified American colonies.

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Benjamin Franklin and the Albany Plan of Union, 1754

vThe colonies rejected it

as too centralized

vBoard of Trade in

London rejected it: union might lead to independence

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Boundaries, 1754, 1763

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Mercantilism and Closed Trading Empires

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A “Revolution”? A War of Decolonization?

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Strategy Evolved Over Time

v Sought to defend cities (New

York, Philadelphia) with disastrous results

v Fabian Strategy: Gave up

defending points, conserved army

v Need naval support, allies

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Franklin: Statesman

v Albany Congress, 1754 v Stamp Act opponent in

London, 1765-

v Staten Island Peace

Conference, September 11, 1776

v Departed for France in

December 1776; did not return until 1785

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Benjamin Franklin and William Temple Franklin

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Franklin in Paris, 1776-1785

v Achieved international

renown before Revolution

v Intellectual peer of the 18th

century’s foremost figures

v French made a fuss over

him: his reputation preceded him

v Adams deeply resentful

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Franklin’s Strategy in France

v France was key: other states

would watch France

v Persuade France war with

Britain was in French interest: recouping lost colonies; loss of America would weaken Britain

v Covert arms, financing,

alliance, navies, armies

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The Versailles Court of Louis XVI

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Franklin’s Reception at the Court of France

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Franklin vs. Adams in Paris: Franklin had a clear strategy; not clear that Adams did

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Was Franklin Knocking at an Open Door in France?

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Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes

v Franklin emphasized

successes, shaded defeats

v Shielded French from Adams v Obtained loan after loan

from an increasingly strained France

v Franklin anticipated that the

French desire for revenge

  • utweighed fiscal concerns
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Burgoyne Surrenders at Saratoga, October 1777

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Coalition Warfare, 1778-1783

For the British, French, Spanish, Dutch, situation in the American colonies had to be weighed against numerous other factors.

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What Did the Alliance Do?

v French naval forces (&

Spanish & Dutch)

v French financing! v French ground forces v Spanish intervention v Prussian and Russian

soft power