Flavour anomalies at the LHC M. Nardecchia INFN & Sapienza - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

Flavour anomalies at the LHC

30 May 2019, ICTP , Trieste

• M. Nardecchia

INFN & Sapienza University of Rome

SLIDE 2

Flavour Anomalies

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ΛRK = 31 TeV

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ΛRD = 3.4 TeV

1) Angular observables in 2) Branching ratios 4) LFU violation in (2 bins) 3) LFU violation in RK

RK∗ ∼ 4σ (?!)

& 3.5σ (?!)

b → sµµ

(LHCb from 2013)

2.6σ

2.3σ, 2.6σ

b → cτν

Babar+Belle+LHCb from 2012

2

B → K∗µ+µ−

“clean” only ≈ 4σ

s ¯ b s ¯ s B0 s φ µ− µ+ ¯ t W Z0, γ

SM SM

|CNP

µ | |CNP e

|

|CNP

τ

| |CNP

µ |, |CNP e

| D*

SLIDE 3

Theoretical input / bias Experimental input Simplified Models Introducing explicitly New Physics, in the simplest way as possible

Bottom-up path

“Motivated” Models Address more questions/open problems: naturalness, origin of flavour, renormalizability/accidental symmetries..…

→

Γ Γ Γ

10

More phenomenology to come

τ − τ + b ¯ b

G’

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q q

EFT New Physics in a model independent way

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ΛRK = 31 TeV

LL LL

W'(Z')

QL QL

LL LL QL QL

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ΛRD = 3.4 TeV

SLIDE 4

1 Λ2 = C M 2

ΛRD(∗) = 3.4 ± 0.4 TeV , ΛRK(∗) = 31 ± 4 TeV ,

• What is the scale of New Physics?

On-shell effects @ colliders Model dependent part C= (loops) x (couplings) x (flavour) “Measured” Fermi constant

SLIDE 5

1 Λ2 = C M 2

ΛRD(∗) = 3.4 ± 0.4 TeV , ΛRK(∗) = 31 ± 4 TeV ,

• What is the scale of New Physics?

On-shell effects @ colliders Model dependent part C= (loops) x (couplings) x (flavour) “Measured” Fermi constant

• What do we expect? (Worst case scenario)

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A(ψψ → ψψ) ∝ s

Tree-Level Pertubative Unitarity criterium

|AJ=0| < 1/2

(√smax ≡ ΛU = 9 TeV √smax ≡ ΛU = 80 TeV

b → sµµ b → cτν

[Di Luzio, MN, 1706.01868]

An old lesson: VV scattering…

ΛU = 2 TeV, mh = 125 GeV

SLIDE 6

1 Λ2 = C M 2

ΛRD(∗) = 3.4 ± 0.4 TeV , ΛRK(∗) = 31 ± 4 TeV ,

• What is the scale of New Physics?

On-shell effects @ colliders Model dependent part C= (loops) x (couplings) x (flavour) “Measured” Fermi constant

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• What do we expect? (Warning: a simplified cartoon!)

Mnow & 1 TeV

Absence of New Physics at high energy

• What do we expect? (Worst case scenario)

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A(ψψ → ψψ) ∝ s

Tree-Level Pertubative Unitarity criterium

|AJ=0| < 1/2

(√smax ≡ ΛU = 9 TeV √smax ≡ ΛU = 80 TeV

b → sµµ b → cτν

[Di Luzio, MN, 1706.01868]

An old lesson: VV scattering…

ΛU = 2 TeV, mh = 125 GeV

SLIDE 7

SM-EFT regime: tails

• If the New Physics is very heavy the strategy is to look for di-lepton pair at high-pT

Events 2 − 10 1 − 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 Data * γ Z/ Top Quarks Diboson (3 TeV) χ Z’ (4 TeV) χ Z’ (5 TeV) χ Z’ Preliminary ATLAS

• 1

= 13 TeV, 36.1 fb s Dimuon Search Selection Data / Bkg 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Dimuon Invariant Mass [GeV] 100 200 300 1000 2000 (post-fit) Data / Bkg 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

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Dimuon Invariant Mass

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ersality

LSMEFT ⊃ C M 2 Qγµ QLγµL

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A ∝ E2 M 2

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valid when E . M

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SLIDE 8

SM-EFT regime: tails

• If the New Physics is very heavy the strategy is to look for di-lepton pair at high-pT

Events 2 − 10 1 − 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 Data * γ Z/ Top Quarks Diboson (3 TeV) χ Z’ (4 TeV) χ Z’ (5 TeV) χ Z’ Preliminary ATLAS

• 1

= 13 TeV, 36.1 fb s Dimuon Search Selection Data / Bkg 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Dimuon Invariant Mass [GeV] 100 200 300 1000 2000 (post-fit) Data / Bkg 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

X

?

Dimuon Invariant Mass

u n c

• r

r e c t e d p r

• f

ersality

LSMEFT ⊃ C M 2 Qγµ QLγµL

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A ∝ E2 M 2

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valid when E . M

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• NC anomalies

[1704.09015,180511402]

pp → µ+µ−

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No sensitivity at HL-LHC if it is present ONLY

1 (30 TeV)2 (bΓs) (µΓµ)

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SLIDE 9

pp → τν

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MonoTau

Events/80 GeV 2 − 10 1 − 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 CMS (13 TeV)

• 1

35.9 fb Data SSM W' 0.6 TeV SSM W' 1.0 TeV SSM W' 4.0 TeV SSM W' 5.0 TeV W+jets )+jets ν ν Z( Multijet t t Single t )+jets ll Z( Diboson (GeV) T m 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 MC DATA 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 − 10 2 − 10 1 − 10 1 10 2 10 Events / GeV ATLAS

• 1

= 13 TeV, 36.1 fb s Data ν τ → W Jet Others Uncertainty (3 TeV) SSM W' (3 TeV) NU W' [GeV] T m 0.8 1 1.2 Data / SM 300 500 700 1000 2000

• Making use of the ATLAS and CMS mono-tau serches

[AG, Martin Camalich, Ruiz-Alvarez] Phys.Rev.Lett. 122 (2019) no.13, 131803

de

[Greljo, Martin Camalich, Ruiz-Alvarez 1811.07920]

SLIDE 10

• 0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 4 3 2 1 ||

[TeV]

RD(*) ATLAS

CMS LHC HL-LHC (2)

L R ˜

Vector Tensor Scalar-Tensor

Greljo, JMC & Ruiz-Álvarez, PRL122, 131803 (updated) !16

LLEEFT ⊃ − 2Vkl v2 "⇣ 1 + ✏klτ

L

⌘ ¯ ⌧µPL⌫τ · ¯ ukµPLdl + ✏klτ

R ¯

⌧µPL⌫τ · ¯ ukµPRdl + ✏klτ

T

¯ ⌧µνPL⌫τ · ¯ ukµνPLd + ✏klτ

SL ¯

⌧PL⌫τ · ¯ ukPLdl + ✏klτ

SR ¯

⌧PL⌫τ · ¯ ukPRdl # + h.c.,

pp → ⌧⌫

we show the bound as Λ = v/ p |Vcb||✏Γ|, w

* 1σ (red) and 2σ (blue) ranges on the absolute value of the WCs of semi-tauonic cb transitions at μ = mb

Flavour Physics with High-pT Leptons - Admir Greljo, CERN

A lot of room for improvements:


• b-tag, 

• tau charge-asymetries, 

• rapidity distribution, 

• polarization.

[Thanks to A. Greljo]

SLIDE 11

SIMPLIFIED MODELS

SLIDE 12

• Fits to data suggest a sizeable (most likely dominant) contribution of the New Physics to

left currents for both quarks and leptons

Vertical (gauge) structure

CS(Q

i LγµQj L)(L α LγµLβ L) + CT (Q i LγµσaQj L)(L α LγµσaLβ L)

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he . AR , ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808 b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he . AR , ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808 b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he .

AR

, ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808

b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

Q3

L

Q2

L

Lα

L

Lα

L

SU(2) structure induce correlations

SLIDE 13

• Fits to data suggest a sizeable (most likely dominant) contribution of the New Physics to

left currents for both quarks and leptons

Vertical (gauge) structure

CS(Q

i LγµQj L)(L α LγµLβ L) + CT (Q i LγµσaQj L)(L α LγµσaLβ L)

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he . AR , ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808 b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he . AR , ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808 b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he .

AR

, ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808

b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

Q3

L

Q2

L

Lα

L

Lα

L

• Collider implication: Quantum numbers of tree level mediators restricted

Simplified Model Spin SM irrep c1/c3 RD(∗) RK(∗) No di → djνν Z′ 1 (1, 1, 0) ∞ ×

• ×

V ′ 1 (1, 3, 0)

• ×

S1 (3, 1, 1/3) −1

• ×

× S3 (3, 3, 1/3) 3

• ×

U1 1 (3, 1, 2/3) 1

• U3

1 (3, 3, 2/3) −3

• ×

µ+ µ− bL sL Z ′ bL `+ L sL `− L Π

Mediator SU(2) structure induce correlations

SLIDE 14

Horizontal (flavour) structure

• Considering the whole set of data (neutral and charged currents), a possible link with the

SM flavour structure is emerging

• Motivated flavour ansatz in the quark sector (MFV, U(2),Partial Compositeness, Froggat-

Nielsen) predicts dominant coupling of the New Physics with the third family.

cµb tµb = O(2) , sµb bµb = O(2)

b → sµµ

b → cτν

3q → 2q3`3` 3q → 2q2`2`

|CNP

τ

| |CNP

µ | |CNP e

|

|Y SM

τ

| |Y SM

µ

| |Y SM

e

|

SM VS NP A link?

λ = 0.23

(Cabibbo angle)

SLIDE 15

Horizontal (flavour) structure

• Considering the whole set of data (neutral and charged currents), a possible link with the

SM flavour structure is emerging

• Motivated flavour ansatz in the quark sector (MFV, U(2),Partial Compositeness, Froggat-

Nielsen) predicts dominant coupling of the New Physics with the third family.

cµb tµb = O(2) , sµb bµb = O(2)

b → sµµ

b → cτν

3q → 2q3`3` 3q → 2q2`2`

|CNP

τ

| |CNP

µ | |CNP e

|

|Y SM

τ

| |Y SM

µ

| |Y SM

e

|

SM VS NP A link?

λ = 0.23

(Cabibbo angle)

• Collider implications
• NP getting closer
• Better to look for resonant decays of the mediators into SM fermions of the third family

( M . 3 TeV M . 20 TeV

b → cτν

b → sµµ

Tree-Level Pertubative Unitarity criterium

SLIDE 16

Where to look

Simplified Model Spin SM irrep c1/c3 RD(∗) RK(∗) No di → djνν Z′ 1 (1, 1, 0) ∞ ×

• ×

V ′ 1 (1, 3, 0)

• ×

S1 (3, 1, 1/3) −1

• ×

× S3 (3, 3, 1/3) 3

• ×

U1 1 (3, 1, 2/3) 1

• U3

1 (3, 3, 2/3) −3

• ×

}

Colourless mediators Leptoquarks

}

1) Resonance searches for charged current anomalies 2) Resonance searches for neutral current anomalies only (and no flavour bias)

• Colourless mediator Z’+V’ not viable (excluded already )
• Vector Leptoquark, U1, decaying into SM fermions of the third family
• Scalar Leptoquarks, tuning+S1+S3, decaying into SM fermions of the third family
• More complicated linear combinations (and parameter adjustments) can be thought
• Z’ to muons
• Leptoquark in final states with muons

Z0 → ττ

• One loop mediators also viable..

SLIDE 17

Leptoquarks

LQ LQ ¯ q q b τ + b τ −

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b LQ τ + b g b τ −

• Working assumption: decays into third family. Relevant parameters: LQ coupling and mass:

SLIDE 18

Leptoquarks

LQ LQ ¯ q q b τ + b τ −

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b LQ τ + b g b τ −

• Working assumption: decays into third family. Relevant parameters: LQ coupling and mass:

1 σ , 1 7 6 . 7 8 8 p p → τ τ, 1609.07138 p p → U U* CMS, 1805.10228 p p → U U* HE-LHC proj. p p → U U* CMS sim, 3 ab-1 p p → τ τ H L

• L

H C p r

• j

. ℒ ⊃ gU Q3 L3 U 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

MU (TeV) gU

• Message: LQ survives at the LHC and HL-LHC in large

part of the parameter space…

• HL-LHC and HE-LHC report [1812.07638]
• Two decay channels: bottom-tau, top-neutrino. SU(2) fix

the BR to be equal

• Top-neutrino: see N.

Vignaroli 1808.10309

SLIDE 19

Best candidates to address both anomalies

3rd gen. Leptoquarks @ LHC

Working assumption: largest couplings to thir couplings to lighter ones are CKM (flavour) suppr

1s Flavour fit

tntn btbt bnbn bt t t

300 fb-1 3000 fb-1

500 1000 1500 2000 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

mS1,3 @GeVD g1,3

Scalar LQs

S1=(3̅,1,1/3) S3=(3̅,3,1/3)

1803.10972

Present

Pair-production of vector LQ is model-dependent.

1706.07808

d gen. Leptoquarks @ LHC

gest couplings to third generation fermions, e CKM (flavour) suppressed.

• []
• []

→ ττ []

• →
• → ττ
• >

[Slide, adapted from

• D. Marzocca, 1803.10972]

[CLIC, Yellow report, Buttazzo, Greljo, Marzocca, Nardecchia] 127] CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et al. JHEP 07 (2017) 121, [arXiv:1703.03995]. 128] CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et al. arXiv:1803.02864. 129] CMS Collaboration Tech. Rep. CMS-PAS-SUS-18-001, 2018. 130] CMS Collaboration Tech. Rep. CMS-PAS-EXO-17-029, 2018.

SLIDE 20

Best candidates to address both anomalies

3rd gen. Leptoquarks @ LHC

Working assumption: largest couplings to thir couplings to lighter ones are CKM (flavour) suppr

1s Flavour fit

tntn btbt bnbn bt t t

300 fb-1 3000 fb-1

500 1000 1500 2000 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

mS1,3 @GeVD g1,3

Scalar LQs

S1=(3̅,1,1/3) S3=(3̅,3,1/3)

1803.10972

Present

Pair-production of vector LQ is model-dependent.

1706.07808

d gen. Leptoquarks @ LHC

gest couplings to third generation fermions, e CKM (flavour) suppressed.

• []
• []

→ ττ []

• →
• → ττ
• >

[Slide, adapted from

• D. Marzocca, 1803.10972]

[CLIC, Yellow report, Buttazzo, Greljo, Marzocca, Nardecchia] 127] CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et al. JHEP 07 (2017) 121, [arXiv:1703.03995]. 128] CMS Collaboration, A. M. Sirunyan et al. arXiv:1803.02864. 129] CMS Collaboration Tech. Rep. CMS-PAS-SUS-18-001, 2018. 130] CMS Collaboration Tech. Rep. CMS-PAS-EXO-17-029, 2018.

• A lot of phenomenological aspects

call for full models!

SLIDE 21

1) Direct searches.

k

m

k

%

* *

*#¥#*

*#¥#¥ .

[ ML

CL

VL

deff =¥gn5L8nb←ti<8nM<

+ he . A ,q=31TeV

deff

=

• tap

.Emb<

kink +

he .

AR

, ,=2 .4*eN Poi EQ (1) .

• ld

1706.07808

b-

• stuz

3 → 233 ' '

Had

> > Hint bro smtui 3

• * 2.

2,2

ΛRD = 3.4 TeV

→

• 1

1 TeV 2 bLγµbLτ LγµτL

τ − τ + b ¯ b b ¯ b τ − τ +

[Faroughy,Greljo,Kamenik, 1609.07138]

2) Radiative contraints

[Feruglio, Paradisi, Pattori, 1606.00524,1705.00929]

Q3 Q3

τ

ντ

µ νµ

(QLγµQL)(LLγµLL) → (LLγµLL)(LLγµLL)

δgZ

τL, δgZ ντ , δgW τ , B(τ → 3µ)

3) FCNC with neutrinos.

B(B → K(∗)νν) ≈ B(B → K(∗)ντντ) ≫ B(B → K(∗)νν)SM

B(B → K(∗)νν) B(B → K(∗)νν)SM 4

Problems Beyond the naive mediator(s)

SLIDE 22

The Vector Leptoquark

• Remarkably there is a unique solution, if we consider a

single mediator

Simplified Model Spin SM irrep c1/c3 RD(∗) RK(∗) No di → djνν Z′ 1 (1, 1, 0) ∞ ×

• ×

V ′ 1 (1, 3, 0)

• ×

S1 (3, 1, 1/3) −1

• ×

× S3 (3, 3, 1/3) 3

• ×

U1 1 (3, 1, 2/3) 1

• U3

1 (3, 3, 2/3) −3

• ×

A clear winner!

Uµ = (3, 1, 2/3)

[Buttazzo, Greljo, Isidori Marzocca 1706.07808]

SLIDE 23

The Vector Leptoquark

• Remarkably there is a unique solution, if we consider a

single mediator

Simplified Model Spin SM irrep c1/c3 RD(∗) RK(∗) No di → djνν Z′ 1 (1, 1, 0) ∞ ×

• ×

V ′ 1 (1, 3, 0)

• ×

S1 (3, 1, 1/3) −1

• ×

× S3 (3, 3, 1/3) 3

• ×

U1 1 (3, 1, 2/3) 1

• U3

1 (3, 3, 2/3) −3

• ×

A clear winner!

Uµ = (3, 1, 2/3)

[Buttazzo, Greljo, Isidori Marzocca 1706.07808]

• A spin 1 state calls for a UV completion. This is

not an academic question, collider searches are dominated by the phenomenology of the extra states that emerge with the leptoquark. Spin one particle Composite dynamics Gauge bosons

[Barbieri, Tesi,1712.06844 + …] [L. Di Luzio, A. Greljo, MN, 1708.08450 Bordone, Cornella, Fuentes-Martin, Isidori, 1712.01368+… ]

SLIDE 24

SU(4) Pati-Salam

• Quantum numbers of the leptoquark known, easiest option: Pati-Salam

GP S = SU(4)P S × SU(2)L × SU(2)R

GP S → GSM

(15 = 8 + 3 + 3 + 1)

Z0

Uµ

g

gs √ 2Uµ βij Q

iγµLj

PRD (1975)

SLIDE 25

SU(4) Pati-Salam

• Quantum numbers of the leptoquark known, easiest option: Pati-Salam

GP S = SU(4)P S × SU(2)L × SU(2)R

GP S → GSM

(15 = 8 + 3 + 3 + 1)

Z0

Uµ

g

gs √ 2Uµ βij Q

iγµLj

PRD (1975)

• A problem: bounds from indirect searches

¯ s d µ+ e− X

MU & 100 TeV MU . 2 TeV

(from the anomalies)

• Another problem: bounds from direct searches of the Z’, abundantly

produced by Drell-Yan processes

σ

g*

→ μ μ τ − τ + b ¯ b

Z’

μ μ

q q

• After all Pati-Salam was introduced in the context of GUTs…..

SLIDE 26

The 4321 model

• We need two ingredients: an enlarged gauge structure and extra matter fields

G = SU(4) × SU(3)0 × SU(2)L × U(1)0

GSM = SU(3)C × SU(2)L × U(1)Y

hΩ3i, hΩ1i 1) A leptoquark 2) A color octet 3) A SM singlet New states from the breaking:

MU = 1

2g4

q v2

1 + v2 3 ,

Mg0 =

1 p 2

q g2

4 + g2 3v3 ,

MZ0 = 1

2

q

3 2

q g2

4 + 2 3g2 1

q v2

1 + 1 3v2 3 .

[L. Di Luzio, A. Greljo, MN 1708.08450]

• Extra gauge bosons don’t decouple, for example in some limit:

3M 2

U = M 2 g0 + 2M 2 Z0

s talk

        U α

µ

(Ga

µ)α β

Z0

µ

(U α

µ )†

SLIDE 27

The 4321 model

• We need two ingredients: an enlarged gauge structure and extra matter fields

G = SU(4) × SU(3)0 × SU(2)L × U(1)0

GSM = SU(3)C × SU(2)L × U(1)Y

hΩ3i, hΩ1i 1) A leptoquark 2) A color octet 3) A SM singlet New states from the breaking:

MU = 1

2g4

q v2

1 + v2 3 ,

Mg0 =

1 p 2

q g2

4 + g2 3v3 ,

MZ0 = 1

2

q

3 2

q g2

4 + 2 3g2 1

q v2

1 + 1 3v2 3 .

• Field content

Field SU(4) SU(3)0 SU(2)L U(1)0 q0i

L

1 3 2 1/6 u0i

R

1 3 1 2/3 d0i

R

1 3 1 −1/3 `0i

L

1 1 2 −1/2 e0i

R

1 1 1 −1 Ψi

L

4 1 2 Ψi

R

4 1 2 H 1 1 2 1/2 Ω3 4 3 1 1/6 Ω1 4 1 1 −1/2

} would-be SM states

} vector-like states

(Q+L)

} symmetry breaking

y y

p

l ' ,

9ha.m.

t.ro#aaqXgchI

u

decoy

M M

i.

Bhfygoy

red

• f

ie :

• Color octet and Z’ are the most important states

[L. Di Luzio, A. Greljo, MN 1708.08450]

• Extra gauge bosons don’t decouple, for example in some limit:

3M 2

U = M 2 g0 + 2M 2 Z0

s talk

        U α

µ

(Ga

µ)α β

Z0

µ

(U α

µ )†

SLIDE 28

SLIDE 29

Colour octet vector at the LHC

• Background fitted to data
• Exclusion limit are reported with benchmark up to

Γ m . 15%

• In models aiming at explaining charged current

anomalies,large widths are expected

→

Γ Γ Γ

10

More phenomenology to come τ − τ + b ¯ b

G’

j j

q q

• We are looking for

SLIDE 30

Colour octet vector at the LHC

• Background fitted to data
• Exclusion limit are reported with benchmark up to

Γ m . 15%

• In models aiming at explaining charged current

anomalies,large widths are expected

→

Γ Γ Γ

10

More phenomenology to come τ − τ + b ¯ b

G’

j j

q q

• We are looking for

PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY

• Very strong bounds

[Greljo,Di Luzio, Fuentes-Martin, MN, Renner, 1808.00942]

SLIDE 31

Other channels of interest

• Depending on the value of the parameters/models, it is important to consider also:

               g0 → t¯ t g0 → b¯ b Z0 → t¯ t Z0 → b¯ b Z0 → ττ Final states containing quarks and leptons of the third family: a correlation with the flavour structure hinted by the anomalies. Top is present because of SU(2) gauge structure.

SLIDE 32

Other channels of interest

• Depending on the value of the parameters/models, it is important to consider also:

               g0 → t¯ t g0 → b¯ b Z0 → t¯ t Z0 → b¯ b Z0 → ττ Final states containing quarks and leptons of the third family: a correlation with the flavour structure hinted by the anomalies. Top is present because of SU(2) gauge structure.

• This holds also in strongly coupled models. As before states don’t decouple and large

widths are expected. MU = Mg0 = MZ0

• Fair to say that all the models are under pressure by various simultaneous constraints (EW

and FCNC observables, direct searches)

[Barbieri, Tesi,1712.06844]

SLIDE 33

NEUTRAL CURRENT (ONLY)

SLIDE 34

Why Neutral Current only?

• A couple of (personal) prejudices…

1) The very low NP scale hinted by the anomalies in charged currents is problematic

Direct searches

τ − τ + b ¯ b b ¯ b τ − τ +

[Faroughy,Greljo,Kamenik, 1609.07138]

Radiative contraints

[Feruglio, Paradisi, Pattori, 1606.00524,1705.00929]

Q3 Q3

τ

ντ

µ νµ

Other indirect probes

     B → K(∗)νν Bs, K, D mixing . . .

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• However, models can be constructed… separately, bounds can be satisfied. The interplay of

various constraints is very important (some models, seems naively ok but…)

• Even if allowed, large couplings are required (calculability is lost?)

SLIDE 35

Why Neutral Current only?

• A couple of (personal) prejudices…

1) The very low NP scale hinted by the anomalies in charged currents is problematic

Direct searches

τ − τ + b ¯ b b ¯ b τ − τ +

[Faroughy,Greljo,Kamenik, 1609.07138]

Radiative contraints

[Feruglio, Paradisi, Pattori, 1606.00524,1705.00929]

Q3 Q3

τ

ντ

µ νµ

Other indirect probes

     B → K(∗)νν Bs, K, D mixing . . .

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• However, models can be constructed… separately, bounds can be satisfied. The interplay of

various constraints is very important (some models, seems naively ok but…)

• Even if allowed, large couplings are required (calculability is lost?)

2) Models addressing the anomalies (in CC) do not fit well in frameworks that address the issue of the naturalness problem of the EW scale Viable attempts in particular in the context of the composite Higgs framework (SUSY is more problematic)

SLIDE 36

Models for NC anomalies

µ+ µ− bL sL Z ′

bL

`+

L

sL

`−

L

Π

∆bs∆µµ m2

Z0

≈ 1 (30TeV)2 λbµλsµ m2

Π

≈ 1 (30 TeV)2

t t W Z0 di dj ` `

y4 16π2 1 m2

NP

≈ 1 (30 TeV)2

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b → sµµ

SLIDE 37

Z’ at HL/HE-LHC

[Allanach, Gripaios, You 1609.07138]

(bLγµsL) (µγµµL)

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ΓZ0/MZ0 < 10%

<latexit sha1_base64="2USdNjVaS/zRzCtf9G/uIVCz/7s=">ACEHicbVC7TsNAEDzDOEVoITiRISgCjZCgoIigIapCRBJFE0fqyCafc2dbdGimy0vAJfAUtVHSIlj+g4F9wHgUQphrN7Gp3xo+UtOS6n87U9Mzs3HxmIbu4tLymltbr9gwNgLIlShufHBopIBlkmSwpvIGhfYdXvng386j0aK8PgmnoRNjR0AtmWAiVmrmt+jloDc3kdrfP9/nliJxwz+X1nWYu7xbcIfgk8cYkz8YoNXNf9VYoYo0BCQXW1jw3okYChqRQ2M/WY4sRiC50sJbSADTaRjJM0ec7sQUKeYSGS8WHIv7cSEBb29N+OqmB7uxfbyD+59Viah83EhlEMWEgBodIKhwesLItB7kLWmQCAafI5cBF2CACI3kIEQqxmlf2bQP72/6SVI5KHhuwbs6zBdPx81k2CbZnvMY0esyC5YiZWZYA/siT2zF+fReXenPfR6JQz3tlgv+B8fANinZpx</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="2USdNjVaS/zRzCtf9G/uIVCz/7s=">ACEHicbVC7TsNAEDzDOEVoITiRISgCjZCgoIigIapCRBJFE0fqyCafc2dbdGimy0vAJfAUtVHSIlj+g4F9wHgUQphrN7Gp3xo+UtOS6n87U9Mzs3HxmIbu4tLymltbr9gwNgLIlShufHBopIBlkmSwpvIGhfYdXvng386j0aK8PgmnoRNjR0AtmWAiVmrmt+jloDc3kdrfP9/nliJxwz+X1nWYu7xbcIfgk8cYkz8YoNXNf9VYoYo0BCQXW1jw3okYChqRQ2M/WY4sRiC50sJbSADTaRjJM0ec7sQUKeYSGS8WHIv7cSEBb29N+OqmB7uxfbyD+59Viah83EhlEMWEgBodIKhwesLItB7kLWmQCAafI5cBF2CACI3kIEQqxmlf2bQP72/6SVI5KHhuwbs6zBdPx81k2CbZnvMY0esyC5YiZWZYA/siT2zF+fReXenPfR6JQz3tlgv+B8fANinZpx</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="2USdNjVaS/zRzCtf9G/uIVCz/7s=">ACEHicbVC7TsNAEDzDOEVoITiRISgCjZCgoIigIapCRBJFE0fqyCafc2dbdGimy0vAJfAUtVHSIlj+g4F9wHgUQphrN7Gp3xo+UtOS6n87U9Mzs3HxmIbu4tLymltbr9gwNgLIlShufHBopIBlkmSwpvIGhfYdXvng386j0aK8PgmnoRNjR0AtmWAiVmrmt+jloDc3kdrfP9/nliJxwz+X1nWYu7xbcIfgk8cYkz8YoNXNf9VYoYo0BCQXW1jw3okYChqRQ2M/WY4sRiC50sJbSADTaRjJM0ec7sQUKeYSGS8WHIv7cSEBb29N+OqmB7uxfbyD+59Viah83EhlEMWEgBodIKhwesLItB7kLWmQCAafI5cBF2CACI3kIEQqxmlf2bQP72/6SVI5KHhuwbs6zBdPx81k2CbZnvMY0esyC5YiZWZYA/siT2zF+fReXenPfR6JQz3tlgv+B8fANinZpx</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="2USdNjVaS/zRzCtf9G/uIVCz/7s=">ACEHicbVC7TsNAEDzDOEVoITiRISgCjZCgoIigIapCRBJFE0fqyCafc2dbdGimy0vAJfAUtVHSIlj+g4F9wHgUQphrN7Gp3xo+UtOS6n87U9Mzs3HxmIbu4tLymltbr9gwNgLIlShufHBopIBlkmSwpvIGhfYdXvng386j0aK8PgmnoRNjR0AtmWAiVmrmt+jloDc3kdrfP9/nliJxwz+X1nWYu7xbcIfgk8cYkz8YoNXNf9VYoYo0BCQXW1jw3okYChqRQ2M/WY4sRiC50sJbSADTaRjJM0ec7sQUKeYSGS8WHIv7cSEBb29N+OqmB7uxfbyD+59Viah83EhlEMWEgBodIKhwesLItB7kLWmQCAafI5cBF2CACI3kIEQqxmlf2bQP72/6SVI5KHhuwbs6zBdPx81k2CbZnvMY0esyC5YiZWZYA/siT2zF+fReXenPfR6JQz3tlgv+B8fANinZpx</latexit>

• Assumption 1: Left currents
• Assumption 2: Narrow Width (fair coverage of weakly coupled realisations)
• Assumption 3: “Pessimism” (making few assumptions as possible)

Lmin. Z0 ⊃ ⇣ gsb L Z0 ρ¯ sγρPLb + h.c. ⌘ + gµµ L Z0 ρ¯ µγρPLµ ,

L[33µµ] = Z0

ρ

• gq

L Q3γρQ3 + gµµ L LµγρLµ

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SLIDE 38

Z’ at HL/HE-LHC

[Allanach, Gripaios, You 1609.07138]

(bLγµsL) (µγµµL)

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ΓZ0/MZ0 < 10%

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• Assumption 1: Left currents
• Assumption 2: Narrow Width (fair coverage of weakly coupled realisations)
• Assumption 3: “Pessimism” (making few assumptions as possible)

Lmin. Z0 ⊃ ⇣ gsb L Z0 ρ¯ sγρPLb + h.c. ⌘ + gµµ L Z0 ρ¯ µγρPLµ ,

L[33µµ] = Z0

ρ

• gq

L Q3γρQ3 + gµµ L LµγρLµ

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• Extrapolate current 13 TeV

di-muon searches

[ATLAS 1607.03669]

• Full coverage of the “motivated” [33mumu] model!
• Room left after HL-HE for the naive model
• Remember that these are just 2 (useful) benchmarks.

Z0 b ¯ s µ µ+

SLIDE 39

Leptoquarks for NC anomalies

[Allanach, Gripaios, You 1609.07138] g g µ j µ j LQ LQ µ j µ j g g LQ LQ Figure 6. Example Feynman diagrams of LQ production at a hadron collider followed by subse- quent decay of each into µj.

• 𝑞 𝑞 → 𝑎′ → 𝜈+𝜈−
• Pair production, 𝑞 𝑞 → 𝑀𝑅 𝑀𝑅 → 𝜈+𝜈−𝑘 𝑘
• Single production, 𝑞 𝑞 → 𝑀𝑅 → 𝜈+𝜈−𝑘

100 TeV 10 ab-1 40 TeV 12 TeV 33 TeV 10 ab-1 5 TeV 100 TeV 10 ab-1 40 TeV 21 TeV 33 TeV 10 ab-1 LQ coupling strength 6 TeV 13

• Extrapolation from
• Same hypothesis as before
• Take home message:

[CMS-PAS-EXO-12-041]

b ¯ s µ µ+ LQ

SLIDE 40

Loop induced anomalies

[An example from Camargo-Molina, Celis, Faroughy, 1805.04917]

t t W Z0 di dj ` `

=

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L = Z0

↵

⇥ ¯ µ↵(✏µµ

L PL + ✏µµ R PR)µ + ✏tt R ¯

t↵PRt ⇤

• Loop induced models: in general quite good discovery prospects at HL-HE LHC

y4 16π2 1 m2

NP

≈ 1 (30 TeV)2

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SLIDE 41

(No) Conclusions

• We are waiting for the confirmation/disproval of the flavor anomalies. By the start of HL-

LHC the situation will be clarified.

• Charged current and neutral current anomalies point (naively) to different New Physics scale.

No no-lose theorem at the LHC can be formulated using perturbative unitarity arguments

• Current anomalies in B decays have a simple, coherent and consistent interpretation at the

effective field theory level.

• Charged Currents: leptoquarks seem to be preferred as mediators. Full models are needed,

first signal at high pT could arise from other sectors

• Neutral Currents @ tree level: more options are viable, simplified models under minimal

assumptions can be constructed. Z’ and leptoquarks represents good physics cases for HL/HE.

• [Fair to say that models addressing the CC anomalies are under pressure by various

simultaneous constraints (EW and FCNC observables, direct searches)]

• Neutral Currents @ 1-loop: an open possibility, New Physics has to be light and with large

couplings to SM fermion. High pT aspects are more model dependent.

SLIDE 42

Backup

SLIDE 43

34

Field SU(4) SU(3)0 SU(2)L U(1)0 q0i

L

1 3 2 1/6 u0i

R

1 3 1 2/3 d0i

R

1 3 1 −1/3 `0i

L

1 1 2 −1/2 e0i

R

1 1 1 −1 Ψi

L

4 1 2 Ψi

R

4 1 2 H 1 1 2 1/2 Ω3 4 3 1 1/6 Ω1 4 1 1 −1/2

⇥ , ΨL,R = (Q0

L,R, L0 L,R)T

LL g4 p 2Q

LµL0 L Uµ + h.c.

+ g4gs g3 ✓ Q

LµT aQ0 L g2 3

g2

4

q0

LµT aq0 L

◆ g0a

µ

+ 1 6 p 3 g4gY p 2 g1 ✓ Q

LµQ0 L 2g2 1

3g2

4

q0

Lµq0 L

◆ Z0

µ

1 2 p 3 g4gY p 2 g1 ✓ L

LµL0 L 2g2 1

3g2

4

`

Lµ`0 L

◆ Z0

µ ,

[Di Luzio, AG, Nardecchia], 1708.08450

• Would-be SM fermions

in the absence of mixing with Ψ

• Three copies
• Three (min. two) copies
• f vector-like fermions

Fermions

Suppressed couplings to light generations in the limit g4 >> g1, g3

Scalars

In the interaction basis

For such construction but in different context:
 [Diaz, Schmaltz, Zhong], 1706.05033

Large left-handed mixing matrix


[Explains the dominance of left-handed interactions at low energies]

‘4321’: Field content

SLIDE 44

Direct Searches (gauge sector)

E

1.9 TeV 1.7 TeV 1.5 TeV 1.3 TeV

740 GeV

mg0 mU

mZ0 mLτ

mB/T mC/S, mLµ

• Leptoquark, pair production by QCD interactions, decay into

third family fixed by the anomaly:

( U → bτ +, BR =50 % U → tν, BR =50 %

(CMS search for spin-0 1703.03995) (recast for spin-1 in 1706.01868) (see also 1706.05033)

mU > 1.3 TeV

leptoquark mass sets the overall scale

b τ b τ

• Z’, dangerous Drell-Yann processes suppressed because coupling

to the first family is reduced due to small U(1)’ coupling.

• g’, coupling to the first family given by the SU(3)’ factor

resonant dijets search particularly sensitive (ATLAS 1703.09127)

∼ gs/g4

• However bump searches loose in sensitivity when the width-to-mass ratio is too large,

in our case the decay width is naturally large because of the decay into heavy quarks Γ m . 15% from exp. analysis

Γg0 mg0 = 28% our benchmark

∼ gY /g4

Need large g4…

g4 & 3

SLIDE 45

Composite Higgs Framework

mρ

mH mΠ

10 TeV

E

1 TeV

125 GeV

ˆ O gρ, mρ

Π, H Strong sector Elementary sector

f ∼ SM

• Being PGB, Higgs and Leptoquarks are lighter than the other

resonances coming from the strong sector

• SM fermion masses are generated by the mechanism of

partial compositeness

• BSM Flavour violation regulated by the same mechanism
• Naturalness (…)

|SMi = cos ✏|fi + sin ✏|Oi

✏ ˆ Of

Based on 1412.5942, JHEP , Ben Gripaios and Sophie Renner

SLIDE 46

Partial Compositeness in CH models

• Yukawa sector:

H εL εR fL fR gρ

Lelem = ifγµDµf Lcomp = Lcomp(gρ, mρ, H) Lmix = ✏L fLOL + ✏L fROR + h.c. Y ij ∼ ✏i

L✏j Rgρ

εL εR fL fR gρ fL fR gρ 1/m2

ρ

εL εR

• Flavor violation beyond the CKM one is generated:

∼ g2

ρ

m2

ρ

✏i

L✏i R✏j L✏j R

FV related to the SM one but not in a Minimal FV way

Y ij = cij ✏i

L✏j R gρ

SLIDE 47

Flavour Violation & Leptoquarks

• Comment later about the flavour physics associated with mρ

Quarks

qL

∼ L = LSM + (DµΠ)† DµΠ − M2Π†Π + ij qc

Lji⌧2⌧a`Li Π + h.c.,

• Relevant Lagrangian

ij/(cijg1/2

⇢

✏q

3)

j = 1 j = 2 j = 3 i = 1 1.92 × 10−5 8.53 × 10−5 1.67 × 10−3 i = 2 2.80 × 10−4 1.24 × 10−3 2.43 × 10−2 i = 3 1.16 × 10−3 5.16 × 10−3 0.101

Π

Leptons

p Y`

`L

• c are O(1) parameters
• Only 3 fundamental parameters reduced to a single

combination in all the flavour observable!

(gρ, ✏q

3, M) → √gρ✏q 3/M

SLIDE 48

MSSM (ask me)

• LFU in the MSSM without R-Parity

Violation: loop level

bL sL ˜ bL ˜ sL ˜ W ˜ W ˜ ` µ µ

• Lepton universality is broken by slepton masses
• Box diagrams are numerically small, very light particles in

the loop m˜

e m˜ µ

• Direct searches (LHC+LEP) give strong constraints,

probably no holes left (but a careful analysis is required)

The LHCb results with large effect in muons suggest an extensions of the MSSM

Altmannshofer, Straub, 1411.3161 D’Amico et al, 1704.05438

• MSSM wit R-Parity

Violation: basically SM + some specific leptoquark

• No free parameter on the Feynman vertices: EW couplings