Fish Fish Thomas P homas P . Loch, MS, PhD . Lo h, MS, PhD Aqu - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fish Fish Thomas P homas P . Loch, MS, PhD . Lo h, MS, PhD Aqu - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fla lavoba obacter cterial ial Diseases of Diseases of Fish Fish Thomas P homas P . Loch, MS, PhD . Lo h, MS, PhD Aqu Aquatic tic Anima Animal l Health lth Laborato tory, , Dep Dept. t. of P Path thobiolo iology & Dia y

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SLIDE 1

Thomas P homas P . Lo . Loch, MS, PhD h, MS, PhD

Fla lavoba

  • bacter

cterial ial Diseases of Diseases of Fish Fish

Aqu Aquatic tic Anima Animal l Health lth Laborato tory, , Dep Dept.

  • t. of P

Path thobiolo iology & Dia y & Diagnosti stic In Investiga estigati tion

  • n, M

, Mic ichiga higan Sta n State Un te Univ iver ersi sity ty, , East East La Lansing nsing MI, MI, 48 4882 824; D 4; Dep ept. t.

  • f
  • f Fis

Fishe heries ries & & Wil ildlif dlife, e, Mic ichiga higan n Sta State te Un Univ iver ersi sity ty, , East East La Lansing M nsing MI, I, 48824 48824

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SLIDE 2

10,000,000 20,000,000 30,000,000 40,000,000 50,000,000 60,000,000

Trout Sold Trout Lost to Disease Trout Lost to Other Causes

  • USDA - National Agricultural Statistics Service Report
  • Total value of trout sales raised in USA (2013) = $96.4

million (51.1 million trout sold)

Aquac Aquacultur ulture & e & Fish Fish Dise Disease ase

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SLIDE 3

Fla lavobacterial Diseases

  • bacterial Diseases in Fish

in Fish

Leading pathogen-associated impediments to fish culture in MI, USA, globally

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SLIDE 4

The “Big Three” Fla lavobacterium

  • bacterium spp

spp.

F . . br bran anchiop hiophilum hilum F . . co columna lumnare F . . ps psychr hrop

  • philum

hilum

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SLIDE 5

Bacter Bacterial ial Cold Coldwater Disease ter Disease

  • Primarily a disease of salmonids (usually < 15˚C)
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SLIDE 6

Horiz Horizontal

  • ntal Transm

ansmiss ission ion of

  • f

Fla lavobacterium psy

  • bacterium psychr

hrophilum

  • philum
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SLIDE 7

Shed Shedding of ding of F . psy . psychr hrophilum

  • philum

Madetoja Madetoja et al. 20 et al. 2000 00

3 dead fish (11° C) for 24 hrs: 3 x 100,000,000 x 24= 7.2 7.2 billion billion bacteria!!!! bacteria!!!!

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SLIDE 8

Biofilm Biofilm & I & Infr nfrastr astructur ucture

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SLIDE 9

Transmission of ansmission of F . . psy psychr hrophilum

  • philum
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SLIDE 10

Sur Surfac ace Disin e Disinfec ectio tion n of

  • f Fer

ertiliz tilized ed Salm Salmonid Eg

  • nid Eggs (

gs (Iodophor Iodophor)

Con Conce cent ntration tion/dur /duration tion sp spec ecies ies de depe pend nden ent

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SLIDE 11

To

  • Ensur

Ensure Maximal E e Maximal Egg-Surf Surface ace Dis Disinf infectio ection E n Efficac ficacy

Remo emova val l of

  • f o
  • va

varian rian fl fluid pr uid prior ior to to disinf disinfec ection tion Rinse Rinse eggs gs w/ w/ iodo iodoph phor

  • r,

, deca decant, nt, ad add d ba bath th iod iodop

  • pho

hor Main Mainta tain in pH pH of

  • f

iodo iodoph phor

  • r sol’n (7.0

(7.0 – 7.5) 7.5) Str Striv ive e for

  • r iodo

iodoph phor

  • r to

to egg g ratio tio of

  • f 4

4:1 :1 Cir Circu cula lation tion du during ring egg g disinf disinfec ection tion

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SLIDE 12

Ong Ongoing

  • ing res

esea earch h aimed aimed at ha t halting lting or

  • r r

red educ ucing ing int intra-ova va fla flavob

  • bac

acte teria rial l tr tran ansmission smission

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SLIDE 13

Diseas Disease e Pr Prevention ention

  • Bi

Biose

  • secu

curit rity – Egg disinfection – Separate rearing unit tools – Surface water treatment (i.e., UV disinfection)

  • Rea

earing ring de densities nsities

  • Rea

earing ring un unit it hyg hygiene iene

  • Opti

Optimal mal water ter fl flows ws

  • Opti

Optimal mal nu nutri trition tion

  • Freq

eque uent nt remo emoval of val of mor morts ts (e (even en mor more du e during ring

  • u
  • utbr

tbrea eak) k)

  • Cull

Culling ing of

  • f mori

moribu bund nd f fish w ish whe hen po n possible ssible

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SLIDE 14

Ear Early Dia y Diagnosis gnosis & I & Inter ntervention ention

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SLIDE 15

Columnaris Columnaris Diseas Disease

  • Fla

lavob

  • bac

acte terium rium co columna lumnare

  • A leading

A leading ca caus use e of

  • f l

los

  • sse

ses s in US in US ca catfish tfish aq aqua uacu cultur lture

  • “Warm-water” disease (>18-

20°C), bu but t eme emerging ging in in co cold ldwate ter aq aqua uacu cultur lture e (~ 12-15°C, rainbow trout)

  • Ext

Extreme emely y wide ho wide host st-ran ange ge

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SLIDE 16

Columnaris Columnaris Diseas Disease

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SLIDE 17

Columnaris: Disease Signs

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SLIDE 18

R.C. Cipriano

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SLIDE 19
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SLIDE 20

Columnaris: Disease Signs

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SLIDE 21
  • R. C. Cipriano
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SLIDE 22

Columnaris: Disease Signs

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SLIDE 23

Liv Live= e= Shed Shed ~10 ~103

3 CFU

CFU ml ml−1 hr hr −1 Dead Dead = Shed ~10 = Shed ~106

6 CFU

CFU ml ml−1 hr hr −1

Remo emoval of val of Dead F Dead Fish ish Extr Extremel emely y Impor Important! tant! Transmission of F . columnare

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SLIDE 24
  • Infectious in distilled

(lab conditions) for at least 5 months

  • Survives in lake water

for > 2 years

  • Grows well on

particulate fish food

F . columnare & the Environment

Avoidanc

  • idance!

e!

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SLIDE 25
  • Management is paramount!

– Biose Biosecurity curity – Reduc educe e rearing earing dens densities ities – Rearing earing unit unit hyg hygiene iene – Optimal Optimal water flo ter flows ws & & water qual ter quality ity – Optimal Optimal nutrition nutrition – Freque equent r nt remo emoval val of

  • f mor

morts ts – Culling Culling of

  • f moribu

moribund nd fish fish

  • Licen

License sed d va vaccine ccines s ar are a e ava vaila ilable ble

  • Geneticall

Genetically y resistant esistant fi fish sh stoc stocks ks

  • Vigilance

igilance for diseas

  • r disease

e sign signs

– Ra Rapid pid Dx Dx/inte /intervent ention ion w/ w/ aqu aquatic V tic Vet/F et/Fish ish Healt ealth h Pr Prof

  • f.

Prevention of Columnaris Disease

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SLIDE 26

Bacter Bacterial ial Gill Disease (BGD) Gill Disease (BGD)

  • Fla

lavob

  • bac

acte terium rium br bran anchiop hiophilum hilum

  • A disea

A disease se of

  • f c

cultu ultured ed fi fish sh, , risk risk fac acto tors s inc include lude:

– Hi High gh r rea eari ring ng den densiti sities es – Lo Low w H2O e O excha hang nge e rates tes – High f igh feeding eeding r rates tes – Sou Source ce water ter contains fi contains fish sh

  • All

All FW FW fi fish sh su susc scep eptib tible le

– Most Most r repor eports in cool/ ts in cool/cold w cold water ter fi fish sh

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SLIDE 27

BGD BGD- Beha Behavior vioral al Changes Changes

  • Inappetence, then…
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SLIDE 28

Bacter Bacterial ial Gill Disease (BGD) Gill Disease (BGD)

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SLIDE 29
  • R. C. Cipriano

BGD BGD- Gill Gill Biops Biopsy

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SLIDE 30

BGD BGD- Gill “Clubbing”

  • R. C. Cipriano
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SLIDE 31
  • Maintain optimal culture

conditions

– Avoid high rearing densities – Optimal water quality – Avoid organic accumulations

  • No vaccines
  • Vigilance for abnormal

behavior of fish

  • When needed, early

detection!

Prevention of BGD

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SLIDE 32

Ac Ackno knowledgements wledgements

  • MI

MI Dep Dept.

  • t. of
  • f Na

Natu tural al Res esou

  • urce

ces

  • GL

GLFT FT – Grant # 2010-1147

  • USD

USDA A – NIF NIFA – Grant # 2016-67015- 24891 – Grant # # 2016- 70007-25756