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European School of Magnetism New magnetic materials and their functions September 9-18, 2007 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania FERROFLUIDS FERROFLUIDS Synthesis, structure, properties and applications Lecture prepared by Ladislau Vks 1,2 With the


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FERROFLUIDS FERROFLUIDS

Synthesis, structure, properties and applications Ladislau Vékás1,2

With the support of

Doina Bica1, Mikhail V. Avdeev3, Etelka Tombácz4, Rodica Turcu5, Ion Morjan6, Nicolae C. Popa1,2, Nicolae Crainic2

1Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, CFATR

Romanian Academy, Timisoara Division, Timisoara, Romania

2National Center for Engineering of Systems with Complex Fluids

  • Univ. Politehnica, Timisoara, Romania

3Frank Lab. Neutron Physics-JINR Dubna, Russia

  • 4Dept. Colloid Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

5Nat.Inst.R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 6Nat.Inst.R&D for Physics of Lasers and Radiation, Bucharest, Romania

European School of Magnetism New magnetic materials and their functions September 9-18, 2007 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Lecture prepared by

12th September, 2007

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2

OUTLINE

Short history of the field Magnetically controllable fluids- a new MHD Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic

nanofluids, application orientated synthesis

Colloidal stability and structural investigations Magnetic and flow properties Magnetic nanofluids & new nanomaterials Magnetically controllable fluids:

Engineering &biomedical applications

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Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids

What are they?

FLUIDITY + MAGNETIC PROPERTIES=??

↓↓ New kind of materials, new phenomena Ferrofluid Ferrofluid/Magnetic fluid /Magnetic fluid T.L. O’Connor, Belgian Patent 613,716 (1962)

  • S. Papell (NASA), US Patent 3,215,572 (1965)

Ultrasta Ultrastab ble colloids of magnetic le colloids of magnetic nanoparticles nanoparticles in water and organic carriers in water and organic carriers

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania The beginning…

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Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids

Behavior & use New phenomena new applications

  • G. Knight (1779) (
  • G. Knight (1779) (Fe/water

Fe/water) F. Bitter (1932) ( ) F. Bitter (1932) (Fe3O4/water Fe3O4/water) W. C. Elmore (1938) ) W. C. Elmore (1938) (Fe3O4/water (Fe3O4/water)... )...

J.L. Neuringer, R.E. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics,

  • Phys. Fluids, 7(1964)1927

R.E. Rosensweig, Fluidmagnetic buoyancy, AIAA J., 4 (1966)1751 R.E. Rosensweig, Buoyancy and stable levitation of a magnetic body immersed in a magnetizable liquid, Nature (London), 210 (1966)613 R.E. Rosensweig, The fascinating magnetic fluids, New Scientist, 20th January, 1966 R.E. Rosensweig, Magnetic fluids, Int.Sci. Tech.48-56 (1966) E.L.Resler, R.E. Rosensweig,Magnetocaloric power, AIAA J. 2 (8)1418 (1964) EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Early history - a few data…(1) …a magnetocaloric thermodynamic cycle to efficiently convert heat to electricity with no moving mechanical parts to be used on spacecraft…

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Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids

Behavior & use

New phenomena & new applications

M.D. Cowley, R.E. Rosensweig, The interfacial stability of a ferromagnetic fluid, J. Fluid Mechanics, 30 (1967)671-688

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Early history - a few data…(2)

  • C. Rinaldi,…, M.Zahn /Current Opinion in

Colloid & Interface Science,10 (2005) 141– 157 A themed session at Dynamics Days Europe 2007, Loughborough, England was held on this phenomenon in honor of the 40th anniversary publication of the paper. The phenomenon furnishes a singular example of fluid patterning in the absence of a dissipative process. Both authors participated. A publication of the session papers is forthcoming by Springer

  • Lab. Magnetic Fluids Timisoara
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Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids

Behavior & use

New phenomena & new applications EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Early history - a few data…(3)

  • Lab. Van’t Hoff of Colloids- 100 years anniversary

Exhibition at Univ. Utrecht 2004- A. Philipse (Utrecht), Doina Bica(Timisoara)

Magnetic fluid in time-varying non-uniform magnetic field Dynamical surface instabilities

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Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids

Behavior & use New phenomena new applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Early history - a few data…(4)

The invention discloses a means for constructing compact rotary shaft seals in which a single magnet supplies magnetic field to a multiplicity of discrete stages,each retaining a liquid O-ring of magnetic fluid, such that the device is capable of sustaining large pressure differences without leakage. The seals are hermetic and utterly free of mechanical wear. Described as ‘a modern machine element’the seals furnished the most important product line of the Ferrofluidics Corporation (from 2000 on a multi-national company Ferrotec-headquarters in Japan) and have been widely copied around the world. Establishment of the commercial enterprise, Ferrofluidics Corporation (USA) in Massachusetts in 1968 by R. E. Rosensweig with colleague R. Moskowitz

  • R. E. Rosensweig, Magnetic fluid seals

US Patent 3,260,584 (1971)

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Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids

Behavior & use New phenomena new applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Early history - a few data…(5) Magnetic fluids in Romania-the beginning…

RO Patent Nr.57574

  • Prof. I. Anton 1971
  • Dept. Hydr. Machines UP Timisoara

MHD torque converter

Preparation of first ferrofluid samples Institute of Technical Physics, Iasi …early ’70th…

  • E. Luca, G. Calugaru, R. Badescu,
  • C. Cotae, V. Badescu,

Ferofluidele si aplicatiile lor in industrie (Ferrofluids and their industrial applications) Editura Tehnica, Bucuresti, 1978 (336 pages) …the first book on magnetic fluids!!

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Magnetohydrodynamics

Classical MHD – hydrodynamics of electroconducting fluids under

the action of an applied magnetic field

electrical conductivity σ≥0 magnetic permeability µ= µ0

New MHD:Ferrohydrodynamics- hydrodynamics of ferrofluids

(magnetic fluids) under the action of an applied magnetic field Neuringer-Rosensweig ( USA) 1964 and Shliomis (USSR) 1974

electrical conductivity σ=0 magnetic permeability µ≥µ0

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Classical Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Ferrohydrodynamics (FHD)

Equations of motion

( ) ( )

→ → →

∇ + × × ∇ µ + ∇ µ + + −∇ = v η H M 2 H M g ρ p dt v d ρ

2

r r r r

v = ∇

→ →

∇ + × + ρ + −∇ = v η B j g p dt v d ρ

2

r r r

) H ( f M ; r r =

); M M ( 1 dt M d

B

r r r − τ − =

ξ ξ ξ = r r ) ( nmL M0

; T k H m

B

r r µ = ξ

T k V 3

B B

η = τ

Electroconductive fluid MHD FHD Magnetic fluid – fluid with internal rotation, non-symmetric stress tensor Relaxation of magnetization

  • M. Shliomis, Magnitnie jidkosti, Usp.Fiz.Nauk, 1974
  • R. E. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics, Cambridge
  • Univ. Press(1985)
  • E. Luca,et al, Ferofluidele si aplicatiile lor in

industrie, Ed. Tehnica, Bucuresti (1978) ! Volumic force: f=µoM(H)gradH for quasistatic conditions

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Typical phenomena in ferrohydrodynamics (1)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

  • R. E. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics, Cambridge Univ. Press(1985)
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Typical phenomena in ferrohydrodynamics (2)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

  • R. E. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics, Cambridge Univ. Press(1985)
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After 40 years… MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLABLE FLUIDS

  • Ferrofluids, magnetic (nano)fluids- the main topic of the present lecture

Ultrastable colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles in a carrier liquid Quasihomogeneous magnetizable liquids Approximatively Langevin type magnetic behavior and Newtonian flow properties, small magnetoviscous effect

  • Magnetorheological fluids

Suspensions of micronsized ferromagnetic particles in a carrier liquid Non-newtonian behavior, strongly magnetic field dependent yield stress and effective viscosity (about 100-1000 times increase)

  • Magnetizable gels&elastomers

Nano- or micrometer range magnetic particles dispersed in a polymer matrix Field dependent size and mechanical properties, tuneable elastic properties

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Synthesis of magnetic nanofluids

Two-step procedure

  • A. Synthesis/preparation of magnetic nanoparticles
  • Chemical procedures: co-precipitation, micro-emulsion techniques

Physical procedures: wet grinding

  • Physical-chemical methods: decomposition of organo-metallic

compounds (e.g., laser-pyrolisis)

  • B. Stabilization/dispersion of nanoparticles in a liquid carrier
  • Non-polar carriers
  • Polar carriers
  • S. W. Charles, The preparation of magnetic fluids,

In: S. Odenbach (ed.),

  • Ferrofluids. Magnetically Controllable

Fluids and Their Applications, Springer Verlag(2002)pp.3-18 EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Synthesis of magnetic nanofluids

Composition&Mechanism of sterical stabilization

Magnetic nanoparticles(MNP) dispersed in a carrier liquid(CL) are coated with mono- or double-layer of organic surfactant(S) molecules in order to prevent their agglomeration Composition: MNP-magnetite, maghemite, cobalt-ferrite, iron, cobalt CL- non-polar and polar organic solvents, water S- carboxylic or sulphonic acids, polymers

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

  • R. E. Rosensweig, Ferrohydrodynamics,

Cambridge Univ. Press(1985)

  • S. Odenbach, JoP Condens.Matter,16(2004)
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Synthesis of magnetic nanofluids

Structural processes under the influence of applied magnetic field

Rotational motion of a Rotational motion of a nanoparticle nanoparticle in the liquid in the liquid-

  • vorticity

vorticity Agglomerate formation under the Agglomerate formation under the influence of magnetic field influence of magnetic field

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Procedure of synthesis of magnetic nanofluids with organic non-polar carrier liquids

Aqueous solutions Fe3+, Fe2+ Coprecipitation NH4OH (solution 25%) Subdomain Fe3O4 nanoparticles Surfactant (pure oleic acid 96%) 353 K Sterical stabilisation (chemisorption) Phase separation Magnetic decantation Aqueous solution of residual salts Monolayer covered magnetic particles Distilled water t = 70 - 80o C Repeated washing Magnetic decantation Aqueous solution residual salts Monolayer covered magnetic nanoparticles + free oleic acid Acetone Extraction Magnetic decantation Acetone, water, free oleic acid Stabilised magnetic nanoparticles Hydrocarbon Dispersion t=120-130oC Primary monolayer stabilised magnetic fluid

  • n light hydrocarbon

carrier Magnetic decantation / filtration Repeated flocculation / redispersion of surfacted nanoparticles Free oleic acid NONPOLAR PURIFIED MAGNETIC FLUID

Surfactants: oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), myristic acid (MA), lauric acid (LA) Carriers : hydrocarbons (H), deuterated hydrocarbons(D-H), halogenated compounds(Hal) MF/H/OA: D.Bica,R.Minea, Patent RO 97556(1989); D.Bica, Rom.Rep.Phys., 47(1995)265 ; MF/H/LA; MA : L.Vekas et al.Rom.Rep.Phys., 58(2006); M.V. Avdeev, D.Bica et al. JMMM, 311 (2007)

80-82 C

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

  • Lab. Magnetic fluids-Timisoara
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Procedure of synthesis of magnetic nanofluids with organic polar carrier liquids

  • Coprecipitation Fe2+, Fe3+, NH4OH sol. 25%
  • Sterical stabilisation, (chemisorbtion, oleic

acid 96%)

  • Phase separation
  • Repeated washing
  • Dispersion

Primary magnetic fluid on light hydrocarbon carrier

  • Magnetic decantation
  • Filtration
  • Repeated flocculation /

redispersion of surfacted nanoparticles Free oleic acid Nonpolar purified magnetic fluid Acetone Flocculation Magnetic decantation Acetone + hydrocarbon Monolayer stabilised magnetic nanoparticles DBS or PIBSA (C≥8)

  • Secondary stabilisation

(physical adsorbtion)

  • Dispersion

Alcohols C3-C10/HVO/ Diesters(DOA/DOS) MF/HIGH VACUUM OIL MF/ALCOHOLS (Polialcohols) MF/DIESTERS (DOA, DOS) VEGETAL OILS

D.Bica et al.Patents RO 93107 (1987), 93162 (1987), 97224 (1989),97599(1989), 105048 (1992), 115533 (2000); D.Bica, Rom.Rep.Phys.,47(1995)265 D.Bica, L.Vekas, M.Rasa, J.Magn.Magn.Mater, 252 (2002)10

DBS-dodecyl-benzen-sulphonic acid PIBSA-poly-izobutylen-succin-anhydride

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

  • Lab. Magnetic fluids-Timisoara
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Preparation of water based magnetic fluids (1)

Double layer sterical stabilization of magnetite nanoparticles in water carrier

Magnetic decantation Residual salt solutions DBS θ θ θ θ=75oC Double layer stabilization and dispersion Primary magnetic fluid

  • n water carrier

Magnetic filtration MF/Water (DBS – DBS)

Fe3+, Fe2+ solutions θ θ θ θ=75-80oC Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis NH4OH 25% Magnetic decantation Residual salt solutions Distilled water θ θ θ θ=70-80o C Magnetite nanoparticles Repeated washing, up to pH=8,5

D.Bica, Patent RO 90078 (1985); Rom.Rep.Phys., 47(1995)265 D.Bica. L. Vekas, M. Rasa, J. Magn.Magn.Mater., 252(2002)10 Sterical stabilization applied to MF/water: Shimoiizaka et al (1980), Khalafalla,Reimers(1980), Doina Bica (1985), Wooding, Kilner, Lambrick(1991), Shen, Laibinis, Hatton (1999)

DBS Dodecyl- Benzen- Sulphonic Acid

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

  • Lab. Magnetic fluids-Timisoara
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Fe2+, Fe3+ Coprecipitation t=800C, pH=11 NaOH 6N solution Magnetic decantation Residual salt solutions Fe3O4 nanoparticles Distilled water Repeated washing Magnetic decantation Residual salt solutions Fe3O4 nanoparticles Lauric acid, t=80oC Chemisorbtion Phase separation Magnetic decantation Residual salt solutions pH=6 NaOH Magnetic organosol pH=8,5-9 Water Dispersion Primary magnetic fluid Magnetic decantation Uncoated magnetite nanoparticles, agglomerates MF/Water (lauric acid – lauric acid)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

MF/water samples with LA+LA, MA+MA,OA+OA, LA+DBS, MA+DBS, OA+DBS double layer sterical stabilization D.Bica, L. Vekas, M.V.Avdeev, Oana Marinica, V. Socoliuc, Maria Balasoiu, V.M.Garamus, J.Magn.Magn.Mater. 311 (2007)

( or MA, OA, DBS) 80-82 C

Preparation of water based magnetic fluids (2)

Double layer sterical stabilization using various chain length surfactants

  • Lab. Magnetic fluids-Timisoara
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  • Fe-C, Fe- Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3

nanoparticles produced by laser pyrolisis

  • I. Morjan et col. INFLPR Bucharest
  • Dispersion/ stabilization of iron or

iron oxide nanoparticles in water and various organic carriers by sterical stabilization

  • D. Bica Lab. MF-CFATR Timisoara

Fe-C or γ- Fe2O3 nanoparticles in water carrier for biomedical applications MFs with M~2000 G for high pressure rotating seals?

I.Morjan et col. INFLPR Bucharest,

  • V. Ciupina et col. Univ. Ovidius

Constanta

Synthesis of surface protected iron and iron oxide nanoparticles by laser pyrolisis for biocompatible and high magnetization nanofluids

INFLPR Bucuresti - I. Morjan and collab. EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Dispersion/stabilization of surface protected iron nanoparticles obtained by laser pyrolisis in various organic carriers and water

  • Lab. Magnetic fluids-Timisoara-INFLPR Bucuresti - I. Morjan and collab.

Main objectives: High magnetization nanofluids with non-polar organic carrier Water based biocompatible magnetic nanofluids; Nanocomposites

Fe-C and Fe-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in

  • rganic solvent

magnetic decantation

  • rganic

solvent water + NH3 25% pH=8,5 Nanoparticles t=80oC acid

  • leic

Chemisorbtion Phase separation magnetic decantation residual solution

Monolayer stabilised magnetic nanoparticles acetone Extraction magnetic decantation free oleic acid, acetone secondary stabilizant – TR30 oil Steric stabilization – double dispersion t=100-120oC Primary magnetic nanofluid Magnetic decantation agglomerates and/or large particles Magnetic nanofluid

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Example: Dispersion/stabilization of Fe-Fe3O4 and Fe-C nanoparticles in transformer oil

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Results of preparation procedures

  • Synthesis of magnetite, maghemite, cobalt-ferrite, surface protected iron nanoparticles
  • Rich scientific background and know-how in physical-chemical synthesis of magnetically controllable

nanofluids and composites: magnetic nanofluids, emulsions, magnetofluidic composites, magneto- rheological fluids, polymeric nanocomposites

  • Large variety of carrier matrices: over 50 non-polar and polar liquids, polymers (hydrocarbons, synthetic
  • ils, alcohols, ketones, water, styren, resins etc., including deuterated carriers)
  • Different chain length surfactants for size selective dispersion/stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles in

non-polar and polar carriers, e.g. mono-carboxylic acids, sulphonated acids, polymers, used as mono-layer or double- layer coating of nanoparticles

  • Efficient stabilization methods : entropic driven steric and combined electrostatic + steric
  • Dilution stability
  • High quality magnetic nanofluids tailored for engineering and biomedical researches and applications, with

saturation magnetization up to approx. 90 kA/m (~1150 G): High colloidal stability magnetic fluids with organic carriers for leakage-free rotating seals Water based magnetic nanofluids for biomedical applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Application orientated evaluation of magnetic fluids

Manifold characterization of magnetic fluids

  • Size distribution of magnetic nanoparticles: TEM, HRTEM
  • Dilution stability
  • Composition and magnetic field dependent structural processes, long-

term colloidal stability: SANS, SANSPOL (B= 0-2.5 T)

  • Mechanism of stabilization and “chemical” size selection of dispersed

magnetic particles

  • Phase transition phenomena: magneto-optical investigations
  • Magnetic properties vs. composition: VSM measurements
  • Mössbauer spectroscopy
  • Flow properties under the influence of applied magnetic field: MR

investigations Evaluation and selection of MFs for various applications

  • Separation processes, magnetic fluid devices: rotating seals,

sensors New type of nanostructured composite materials for:

  • Biomedical uses
  • Engineering applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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TEM Size distribution of Fe TEM Size distribution of Fe3

3O

O4

4 nanoparticles

nanoparticles

( )

(1) σ D D ln 2 1 exp 2π Dσ 1 D f

2 2

              − = The log-normal probability function for the size distribution of magnetic nanoparticles:

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

D (nm)

∆n/n

MA+DBS

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

∆n/n

D (nm)

LA+DBS

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

DBS+DBS

∆n/n

D (nm)

Magnetite nanoparticles stably dispersed in water with different surfactants D0 = 5 nm σ = 0.22 D0 = 6,4 nm σ = 0.26 D0 = 6,7 nm σ = 0.30

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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TEM TEM Water based Water based MFs MFs

Influence of surfactant double layer Influence of surfactant double layer

  • 2. 2 ± 014

7.0 ± 0.16 MF/W/DBS+DBS

  • 1. 7 ± 0.13

6.6 ± 0.12 MF/W/LA+DBS

  • 1. 1 ± 0.02

5.1 ± 0.03 MF/W/MA+DBS

  • 2. 4 ± 0.13

6.1 ± 0.15 MF/W/LA+LA 1..3 ± 0.07 4.3 ± 0.08 MF/W/MA+MA Standard deviation (nm) Mean diameter (nm) Sample

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Log-normal size distribution of particles Size selective stabilization/dispersion

  • f magnetic nanoparticles

Significant reduction of mean size and standard deviation with MA, compared to DBS double layer

Similar for organic non-polar MFs (DHN,Utr): 4- 8 nm mean size variation for MA to OA coating

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Bulk nuclear structure parameters of the particle size distribution thickness and composition of the surfactant shell micelle formation in ferrofluids interparticle interaction particle aggregation in different conditions chains formation and interaction Bulk magnetic structure magnetic size of particles and aggregates magnetic correlation between particles magnetization in bulk and interface Size range investigated: 1- 100 nm SANS SANS investigations

Cooperation with JINR Dubna, BNC-KFKI Budapest, GKSS Geesthacht EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Main components

  • f SANS facilities

at GKSS schematic view

Structural investigations on magnetic nanofluids by Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)- Coop. GKSS Geesthacht, BNC Budapest, JINR Dubna, Lab. MF Timisoara

SANS 1 and SANS 2 facilities at GKSS Geesthacht (Germany) General view on SANS 1 and SANS 2

SANS-1: NanoMF sample positioning in the working gap detail

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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SANS investigations(1):Interparticle interaction. Non-polar ferrofluids

magnetite/oleic acid/H-benzene JINR, BNC

0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4

(a)

ϕm = 0.15 ϕm = 0.075 ϕm = 0.038 ϕm = 0.019

I'(q,ϕm) / I'(q,ϕm=0.01) q, nm

  • 1

magnetic scattering (correlation) is negligible

Type of structure-factor: long-range attraction with short-range (contact) repulsion !

line: model of polydisperse core-shell particles

0,1 1 0,01 0,1 1 10 100

ϕm = 0.15 ϕm = 0.075 ϕm = 0.038 ϕm = 0.019 ϕm = 0.01

I(q), cm

  • 1

q, nm

  • 1

(a)

) ( ) ( ~

2

q S q F

N N

) ( ~ q SN

attraction repulsion

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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magnetite/oleic acid + DBS/H-pentanol

1,2 – non-interacting spheres 3 – hard-sphere interaction (Vrij’s formalism) 4 – local polydisperse approximation

BNC Type of structure-factor: hard spheres (ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕm< 5%) → → → → soft spheres (ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕm> 5%)!

No attraction! Softening of interaction at high concentration!

curve 1 (non-interacting particles) → R0 = 3.4 nm; S = 0.38 curve 3 (hard-spheres interaction) → δ = 2.3 nm < 2 × 1.8 nm → → significant overlap of surfactant sublayers in the double layer

SANS investigations (2):Interparticle interaction. Polar ferrofluids EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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SANS investigations (3)

Comparison of two polar MFs --M.V.Avdeev et col.

0.01 0.1 1 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

S(q) ~ q-1.47 S(q) ~ q-2.2 S(q) ~ q-1.58

I(q), cm

  • 1

q, nm

  • 1

SW 1 SW 2 SW 3

scattering from large fractal clusters (radius > 50 nm)

Water 1-OA+DBS Water 2-DBS+DBS Water 3-OA+OA

Effective “hard radius”

  • f whole particles R ~ 5.7 nm →

thickness of surfactant shell δ = 2.3 nm Cluster fractal dimension D ~ 1.5 - 2.5; Mean radius of cluster units R ~ 10 nm

scattering from individual magnetite particles (radius ~3.4 nm)

Pentanol OA+DBS

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Shape scattering Fe3O4 / DBS + DBS / water

0.01 0.1 1 1E-5 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1

micelles initial aggregates

(<R

2 gV 2 c>/<V 2 c>) 1/2~2 nm

(<R

2 gV 2 c>/<V 2 c>) 1/2~8.5 nm

I(q), cm

  • 1

q, nm

  • 1

q

  • 2.34

Ic(q)

large secondary aggregates, R > 50 nm

M.Balasoiu, M.V.Avdeev, V.L.Aksenov, D.Hasegan, V.M.Garamus, A.Schreyer, D.Bica, L.Vékás , JMMM (2006)

SANS investigations(4): Water-based magnetic fluids

  • initial tight aggregates with size of

~20 nm present; content of magnetite ~ 26 %

  • secondary fractal clusters form in

time; D-value changes with the contrast from 1.58 at 0 % of D2O up to 2.5 at 80 % of D2O; D-value from the shape scattering is 2.3;

  • secondary fractal clusters can be

destroyed by temperature increase

  • micelles of DBS are in solution

(size ~ 5 nm) EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Colloidal stability of water based magnetic fluids

Biocompatible/bioactive magnetic nanofluids Magnetic (iron oxide)nanoparticles manufactured by Chemicell (Berlin, Germany) covered by

phosphated starch polymers for colloidal stabilization in deionized water.

Electron microscopy of magnetic nanoparticle suspension in deionized water (a) and in 0.9% NaCl (b)- Destabilization of suspension under physiological conditions- Formation of large agglomerates

  • R. Jurgons et al., Drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy,

J Phys Condensed Matter, 28(2006)S2893-S2902

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Colloidal stability of water based magnetic fluids

Dynamical Light Scattering (DLS) investigations (1) Optical configurations of the Zetasizer Nano series for Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements (Malvern, UK)

Particles in suspension undergo Brownian motion.This is the motion induced by the bombardment by solvent molecules that themselves are moving due to their thermal energy. If the particles are illuminated with a laser,the intensity

  • f the scattered light fluctuates at a rate that is

dependent upon the size of the particles as smaller particles are “kicked” further by the solvent molecules and move more rapidly. Analysis of these intensity fluctuations yields the velocity

  • f the Brownian motion and hence the particle size

using the Stokes-Einstein relationship:

d(H) = kT/(3πηD)

d(H) = hydrodynamic diameter D = translational diffusion coefficient k = Boltzmann’s constant T = absolute temperature η = viscosity Principle of DLS Nano Zetasizer-Malvern

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Colloidal stability of water based magnetic fluids

Dynamical Light Scattering (DLS) investigations (2)

Principle of DLS Nano Zetasizer-Malvern Schematic diagram showing the measurement position for (a) small,weakly scattering samples and for (b) concentrated, opaque samples. The change in measurement position is achieved by moving the focusing lens accordingly

Typical intensity fluctuations for large and small particles EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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Colloidal stability of water based magnetic fluids

Dynamical Light Scattering (DLS) investigations (3)

What is zeta potential?

Most particles dispersed in an aqueous system will acquire a surface charge, principally either by ionization of surface groups, or adsorption of charged species. These surface charges modify the distribution of the surrounding ions, resulting in a layer around the particle that is different to the bulk solution. If the particle moves, under Brownian motion for example, this layer moves as part of the particle. The zeta potential is the potential at the point in this layer where it moves past the bulk solution. This is usually called the slipping plane. The charge at this plane will be very sensitive to the concentration and type of ions in solution. Zeta potential is one of the main forces that mediate interparticle interactions. Particles with a high zeta potential

  • f the same charge sign, either positive or negative, will

repel each other. Conventionally a high zeta potential can be high in a positive or negative sense, i.e. <-30mV and >+30mV would both be considered as high zeta potentials. For molecules and particles that are small enough, and of low enough density to remain in suspension, a high zeta potential will confer stability, i.e. the solution or dispersion will resist aggregation.

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Zeta potential is measured by applying an electric field across the dispersion. Particles within the dispersion with a zeta potential will migrate toward the electrode of opposite charge with a velocity proportional to the magnitude of the zeta potential. This velocity is measured using the technique of laser Doppler anemometry.

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37

Colloidal stability of water based magnetic fluids

Dynamical Light Scattering investigations(4) Double layer sterical stabilization using different chain length surfactants

Biocompatible magnetic nanofluids

  • 4.5
  • 3
  • 1.5

1.5 3 4.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

pH Electrophoretic mobility ( µ µ µ µ cm V -1s-1) Cationic particles Anionic particles

OA+OA

LA+LA M A+MA

Magnetite Double layer coated magnetite

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

pH

Magnetite 0.001 M LA+LA 0.001 M LA+LA 0.01 M MA+MA 0.01 M MA+MA 0.1 M OA+OA 0.001 M OA+OA 0.01 M

Aggregation

Dilute magnetic fluids Average hydrodynamic size (nm)

Effect of anionic surfactant double layer coating on the pH-dependent charge state (left) and aggregation (right) of magnetite particles in 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M NaCl solutions at 25+0.10°C. OA+OA and MA+MA stabilized MF/water samples keep their colloidal stability in the physiological range of pH (6-8)

  • E. Tombácz, D. Bica, A. Hajdú, E. Illés, A. Majzik, L. Vékás, Surfactant double layer stabilized

magnetic nanofluids for biomedical applications (2007, submitted)

DLS experiments with NanoZS (Malvern)

  • E. Tombácz, Univ. Szeged -D. Bica, LMF Timisoara

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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38

VSM 880 Magnetometer Magnetic and rheo-magnetorheological characterization of MFs Physica MCR 300 Rheometer EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

National Center for Engineering of Systems with Complex Fluids

  • Univ. Politehnica Timisoara
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39

Main components of VSM

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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40

Dilution stability of magnetic fluids with organic carrier

High colloidal stability MFs: magnetic investigations

Saturation magnetization Ms and initial susceptivity χi vs. volume fraction Ф for various Transformer oil (TR30) and Pentanol (Pent) based magnetic fluids Ms is determined from a linear fit to the quasisaturation part of magnetization curves and it is compared to a fit to MF model with Thermodynamic Perturbation Theory(TPT): M ≈ Ms- c/H + Ms c/(3H²) - c²/(3H³) ~ Ms – c/H In case of initial susceptivity χi the degree of non-linear behavior is a result of both particle interaction and aggregate formation in samples: χi ≈ χ (1+ χ /3+ χ²/144) (TPT)

MF/Pentanol is practically free of aggregates up to high volume fraction of MNPs

  • M. Rasa, D. Bica, A.P. Philipse, L. Vekas, Eur.J.Phys., E (2002)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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41

MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

RHEOTEST - 2 PHYSICA MCR 300

Coil Magnetic Field Highly Permeable Material Parallel Plate non-magnetic Magnetic Fluid

MR cells

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

National Center for Engineering of Systems with Complex Fluids

  • Univ. Politehnica Timisoara
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42

Effective viscosity vs. hydrodynamic volume fraction

High colloidal stability MFs: flow properties in the absence of the field EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Good correspondence with the theoretical formula of Chow (Phys.Rev. E (1994)) Influence of dipolar interactions beside the hard sphere ones: A(fit) = 3.5 < 4.6(theor) L.Vekas, D. Bica, D. Gheorghe, I. Potencz, M. Rasa, JMMM 201(1999)

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43

Flow properties of MFs with short chain length organic carriers

Flow curves in applied magnetic field RHEOTEST-2, cylindrical MR cell

Field induced non-Newtonian behaviour

MF/MEK(Methyl-ethyl-ketone) MF/EE(Ethylic ether)

Roughly Newtonian behaviour

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Effective viscosity increase due to magnetic field induced agglomerate formation in strongly polar MF/MEK sample L. Vekas,D.Bica, O. Marinica, M. Rasa, V. Socoliuc, F.D. Stoian JMMM 289(2005)

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44

Flow properties of polar MFs: Dependence of viscosity on shear rate under the influence of magnetic field for MF/MEK, MF/Prop, MF/But

(PHYSICA MCR300, plate – plate MR cell) EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

MF/But: Newtonian behavior in magnetic field Negligible MR effect MF/MEK: Field induced non-Newtonian behavior Strong MR effect

Viscosity vs. shear rate under applied magnetic field (B) MR effect vs. magnetic induction B

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45

Relative increase of viscosity in magnetic field of high magnetization MFs Water and organic polar carriers

(cylindrical MR cell) EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

MF/pentanol (P): negligible MR effect MF/water (DBS+DBS): largest MR effect

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46

Stabilization/dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in organic carriers with different chain length surfactants MA (C14) and OA(C18)

Comparative magnetorheological analysis (MCR 300 Physica rheometer)

Concentrated (M= 61 kA/m) OA stabilized MF/Utr sample Moderate viscosity, relatively large MR effect (~20-30%)

Non-polar carrier, mono-layer sterical stabilization with MA (14) and OA (C18)

Flow properties under the infuence of applied magnetic field

Concentrated (M= 62 kA/m) MA stabilized MF/Utr sample Large viscosity, reduced MR effect (≤10%; at higher shear rate)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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47

Stabilization/dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles with various chain length surfactants in non-polar carrier

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

MA

∆η/η0 B,T

OA

Dependence of magnetoviscous effect on the nature of surfactant MF/Utr samples with OA and MA surfactant layers Due to particle size selection by surfactants, the magnetoviscous effect ∆η/η is

  • approx. 50 % smaller for MA stabilized sample, compared to that with OA

L.Vekas, D. Bica, O.Marinica, Rom.Rep.Phys. 58(2006)

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48

Stabilization/dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles with different chain length surfactants in non-polar organic carrier

OA (C18), SA(C18), PA(C16), MA (C14) and LA(C12) stabilized MF/DHN samples

Comparative magnetogranulometric and SANS analyses

500 1000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

SA, PA, MA, LA OA

LA, MA, PA, SA OA

M, Gs H, kA/m

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

DN(R) R, nm

0.1 1 1E-4 1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

SA, PA, MA, LA

q, nm

  • 1

I(q), cm

  • 1

OA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

DN(R) R, nm OA SA, PA, MA, LA

SANS curves (BNC Budapest) for magnetic fluids stabilized by various mono-carboxylic acids in DHN, ϕm = 1.5 %. Lines are the results of approximation by the model of polydisperse non- interacting spheres with log-normal particle size distribution. Inset shows the corresponding particle size distributions of magnetite (atomic size). Parameters of the Dn(R) function in the OA case are R0 = 0.30 nm, S = 0.38. Parameters of the Dn(R) function averaged over the cases SA, PA, MA, LA are R0 = 0.24 nm, S = 0.28. Non-dim magnetization curves (points) for magnetic fluids stabilized by various mono-carboxylic acids in DHN, ϕm = 1.5 %. Lines are the results of the polydisperse Langevin approximation with log-normal particle size distribution. Inset shows the corresponding particle size distributions of magnetite (magnetic size). Parameters of the Dn(R) function in the OA case are R0 = 0.27 nm, S = 0.39. Parameters of the Dn(R) function averaged over the cases SA, PA, MA, LA are R0 = 0.24 nm, S = 0.23. Mikhail V. Avdeev, Doina Bica, Ladislau Vékás, Oana Marinica, Victor L. Aksenov, Vasyl M. Garamus, Regine Willumeit, Laszlo Rosta, Alexey O. Ivanov, Valentin S. Mendelev (2007; in preparation)

Dn(R)=(1/(2π π π π)1/2SR)exp[-ln2(R/R0)/(2S2)]

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

M/Ms

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49

Type of surfactant regulates dispersed particle size during the MF stabilization Qualitative scheme of the size regulation effect. Restriction on the particle size from the energetic condition of stability for two surfactants is compared with the particle size distribution of nanomagnetite

Mikhail V. Avdeev, Doina Bica, Ladislau Vékás, Oana Marinica, Victor L. Aksenov, Vasyl M. Garamus, Regine Willumeit, Laszlo Rosta, Alexey O. Ivanov, Valentin S. Mendelev (2007; in preparation)

Magnetic nanofluids with “ chemically tailored” magnetic nanoparticles(1) Size selective synthesis of surfactant covered magnetic nanoparticles

DN(d)

E

a

/ E

r

DN(d)

E

a

/ E

r

MA OA EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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50

Non-polar carrier (D-benzen)), φ=1.1 %

SANS curves and resulting size distributions

Mixed surfactants monolayer (MA + OA) with 1:0, 1:1 and 0:1 mixing ratios

Magnetic nanofluids with “ chemically tailored” magnetic nanoparticles(2)

Size selective synthesis-stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles with mono-layer of mixed surfactants Increased MA content, more reduced diameter and standard deviation M.V. Avdeev, D. Bica et al (2007, in preparation)

0.1 1

I(q), cm

  • 1

q, nm

  • 1

OA OA/MA 1/1 MA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

OA (R0=3.4 nm; S=0.39) OA/MA 1/1 (R0=3.0 nm; S=0.28)

DN(R) R, nm

MA (R0=2.5 nm; S=0.24)

Nuclear scattering contribution. Solid lines are fits of the core-shell model. Resulting log-normal size-distribution functions.

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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51

TOWARDS NEW TYPE OF SMART NANOMATERIALS

Magnetic fluid initiated nanocomposites

  • Core-shell structures
  • CNTs + magnetite+PPy hybrid

structures

  • Multi-layered structures
  • Resin-based composites
  • Magnetic gels&elastomers

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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SLIDE 52

Magnetite Magnetite-

  • polypyrrole

polypyrrole Core Core-

  • shell

shell nanostructures nanostructures

Lab.MF Timisoara- INCDTIM Cluj-Napoca- Inst. of Materials Nantes

  • Dr. Rodica Turcu and collab (NanoFunc- project CEEX)

Primary components: MF/water and Primary components: MF/water and PPy PPy Hybrid nanostructure: Magnetic core Hybrid nanostructure: Magnetic core-

  • electroconducting

electroconducting shell shell HRTEM images of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PPy

  • R. Turcu, O.Pana, D. Bica, L. Vekas, A. Nan, I. Craciunescu, O. Chauvet, C. Payen (2007; in preparation)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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53

Polymeric nanocomposites with magnetite nanoparticles

1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.00E+03 1.00E+04 50 100 150 200 250 300 Temperature (ºC) Gain Modulus, E' (MPa) 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Loss factor, tan δ δ δ δ

EPR 1% MNF/EE - EPR 2% MNF/EE - EPR

Dynamic Properties vs Temperature 1,00E+05 1,00E+06 1,00E+07 1,00E+08 1,00E+09 1,00E+10

  • 100
  • 50

50 100 150 200 Temperature /° C Modulus /Pa 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 Tan Delta Temperature /° C=-60 Tg /° C=80.8 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

PVC PVC, USW PVC + Fe3O4, USW

Dynamic properties versus Temperature (a) PVC (b) PVC ultrasonically welded, (c) PVC + Fe3O4, ultrasonically welded

AFM image of spin-coated PVC film with magnetic nanoparticles DMTA test results for RTM 6 + 1 % MNF / EE. RTM 6 resin in the fracture zone [ x 200]. PVC Nanocomposites layer/thin multi-layer

  • Coop. Lab. MF Tms-- Univ. Cyprus
  • A. Christophidou, D. Bica et al. Proc.ISNM2006 (MIT)

Resin based magnetizable nanocomposites

  • Coop. CNISFC Tms--Univ. Porto
  • N. Crainic, D.Bica, A.T. Marques et al Proc.ISNM 2006(MIT)

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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54

Polymeric composite with field induced uniaxial ordered structure

Smart composites with controlled anisotropy Zsolt Varga, Genovéva Filipcsei, Miklós Zrínyi* HAS-BUTE Laboratory of Soft Matters, Department of Physical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary (POLYMER, 2007 (to appear)) Project COPBIL Lab.MF Timisoara-Dept. Phys. Chem.-BUTE

The new generation of magnetic elastomers represents a new type of composites, consisting of small (mainly nano- and micron-sized) magnetic particles dispersed in a high elastic polymeric matrix

Schematic picture

  • f the bending of

the magnetic PVA gels under compression.

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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55

Intelligent polymeric nanocomposite membrane

Macromolecules 2006, 39, 1939-1942 Ildiko´ Csetneki, Genove´va Filipcsei, and Miklo´s Zrı´nyi*Department of Physical Chemistry, Budapest UniVersity of Technology and Economics,HAS-BME Laboratory of Soft Matters, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary

Ordered nanochannels can act as “on-off”switches or “permeability valves”

Poly(Nisopropyacrylamide)gel-----PNIPA gel Magnetic polystyrenelatex ---MPS

Schematic representation of channels made of MPS-PNIPA latex built in the PVA gel matrix: (a) “off” state below the collapse transition temperature; (b) “on” state above the collapse transition temperature. Arrows indicate the diffusive mass transfer in the channels of PVA membrane.

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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56

MF and MRF applications

  • Leakage-free rotating seals
  • Sensors and transducers
  • Semi-active dampers
  • Biomedical applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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57

Leakage-free rotating seals

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania Construction&Operating principle E MF “O” rings

Magnet

∆p= nMs(Bmax-Bmin) General view

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58

Leakage-free rotating seals

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania Magnetic fluid feedthrough for a)high vacuum b)high power electric switches with SF6 Components: 1- shaft; 2- ball bearing; 3,6- “O” ring; 4- permanent magnet; 5- non-magnetic casing; 7- polar piece; 8- safety ring. Manufacturer ROSEAL Co. Romania

a b

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59

Leakage-free rotating seals

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania Manufacturer ROSEAL Co. Romania Mechanical- magnetic fluid combined seal for liquefied gas pump shaft 1- shaft; 2- mechanical seal; 3- magnetic fluid seal; 4- inlet for cooling and lubrication fluid; 5- system for escaped process fluid evacuation

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60

Differential pressure transducer for gases 1 – U-shaped tube; 2 - two identical electrical coils (L1 and L2); 3 – MF; 4 – strangulation for damping of the MF column oscillatory motion; P1, 2 – pressures; h – level gap

EMS Cluj-Napoca 2007 Romania

  • I. Potencz, N.C. Popa, et al, RO Patent 98431 (1989)

I.De Sabata, N.C. Popa, I. Potencz, L. Vekas, Inductive transducers with magnetic fluids Sensors and Actuators, A 32(1992)678

∆p~µm H2O

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61

Flow rate and inclination transducers

Flow rate transducer Inclination correction of the differential pressure transducer is made using an identical MF inclination transducer 5 - tube joining the top ends; 6 - laminar flow-measuring element; Q – gas flow EMS Cluj-Napoca 2007 Romania

N.C. Popa, I. Potencz, L. Vekas, Magnetic fluid flow meter for gases, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 30(1994)936

Q~ cm3/min→100m3/min

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62

Magnetic fluid acceleration sensors

Bi- and three-axial accelerometers APPLICATIONS BASED ON THE MAGNETIC FLUID LEVITATION EFFECT

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

M.I. Piso, RO Patents 98569(1990),99568 (1990), 99036 (1992), 100632(1991) M.I. Piso, Magnetofluidic inertial sensors, Rom.Rep.Phys.47(1995)437

Magnetic fluid composite accelerometer

Wide sensitivity range, between 10-3 to 10 m/s2 Sensitivity from 10-6 up to 10-9 m/s2

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63

Semi Semi-

  • active

active MR MR damper for buildings damper for buildings LORD Co., USA LORD Co., USA

Applications of MR fluids

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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64

Japan’s National Museum of Emerging Scince and Innovation - Tokyo Dong Ting Bridge, Dong Ting Lake - Changsha, China

RheoneticTM Lord Co. – U.S.A. Applications of MR fluids

Semi-active dampers for large constructions EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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65

Functionalization of Monodisperse Magnetic Nanoparticles, Langmuir vol.23, 2158-2168 (2007) Marco Lattuada† and T. Alan Hatton* Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Steps 1A and 1B: ligand exchange reactions. Step 2: acylation of hydroxyl groups to prepare ATRP surface initiators. Step 3A: surface-initiated ring opening polymerization of L-lactide. Step 3B: surface-initiated ATRP. Step 4: deprotection or additional reaction after polymerization. Step 5: grafting of endfunctionalized PEG chains onto the nanoparticle surface using amidation chemistry. ATRP- atom transfer radical polymerization CA-citric acid; N,N,N,N¢,N¢,N¢-

Hexamethyltriethyltetramine(HMTETA; 97%) PEG- polyethylene glycole; Poly-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA; 97%) Trimethylsilyl methacrylate (TMSMA) Succinic anhydride (SA; 99%) 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate (SSNa; 98%); N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm; 97%) Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA; 98%) Amino end-functionalized polyethylene glycol (NH2- PEG, 10 kDa) N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm; 97%) Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)

Biomedical applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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66

Magnetic nanoparticles and biological cells

Magnetic nanoparticle moving through the cell wall

Biomedical applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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67

Magnetic nanofluid composites for UV protection of skin

Biomedical applications

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Normal aspect of the skin in mice auricles protected with magnetic nanocompound with lanoline, after prolonged exposure to UV radiations: arrow—magnetic fluid Changes in the control mice auricles, unprotected by magnetic nanocompounds Aspect after prolonged exposure to UV radiations:

(a)hyperkeratosis and (b) vacuolar keratinocytes in epidermis

Mice auricles

  • M. Sincai, D. Argherie, D. Ganga, D. Bica, L. Vekas, Application of some

magnetic nanocompounds in the protection against sun radiation, JMMM 311(2007)363

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68

Biomedical applications Magnetic hyperthermia of tumors

(a) (b)

(a) (a) Magnetic Magnetic nanofluid nanofluid introduced in tumor is heated by introduced in tumor is heated by a high frequency a high frequency e.m e.m. field . field (b) (b) Temperature of cells is increasing Temperature of cells is increasing-

  • hyperthermie

hyperthermie

Hospital Hospital Charité, Berlin-

  • Dr.Andreas Jordan

First clinical case First clinical case-

  • Charit

Charité é Berlin, Berlin, September September,

, 2003

2003

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

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69

Pilot-scale production of magnetic nanoparticles and nanofluids

N A N O M A G N E F L U I D S E A L

MNF synthesis-pilot scale installation – a-detail; b-general view

a b

MNF synthesis-pilot scale installation c- magnetic nanoparticle synthesis; d-auxiliary equipments

c d

EMS 2007 Cluj-Napoca Romania

SC ROSEAL SA-Romania – http://roseal.topnet.ro/

Contact person:I. Borbáth

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SLIDE 70

⇒Ion Morjan-Nat.Inst. R&D Laser Physics and Radiation, Bucharest ⇒Rodica Turcu-Nat.Inst.R&D for Isotopic&Molecular Technologies, Cluj ⇒Victor Kuncser- Nat.Inst.R&D for Physics of Materials, Bucharest ⇒Marius-Ioan Piso - Romanian Space Agency, Bucharest ⇒Maria Balasoiu - Nat.Inst.R&D for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest ⇒Petre Patrut- Univ. Civil Engineering, Bucharest ⇒Jenica Neamtu-Nat.Inst.R&D Electrical Engng.-ICPE CA, Bucharest ⇒Mikhail Avdeev-Frank Lab.Neutron Physics – JINR-Dubna ⇒László Rosta- Budapest Neutron Center ⇒Vasil Garamus-GKSS Geesthacht ⇒Albert Philipse-Van’t Hoff Lab. – Univ. Utrecht ⇒Etelka Tombácz-Dept. Colloid Chemistry- Univ. Szeged ⇒Miklós Zrinyi-Dept.Physical Chemistry, Budapest Technical University ⇒Peter Kopcansky-Inst. of Experimental Physics – Kosice ⇒A. Torres-Marques-INEGI-CEMACOM Univ. Porto ⇒Harris Doumanides- Dept. Mechanical Engng.-Univ. Cyprus

Research partners

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SLIDE 71

Acknowledgements

  • Lab. Magnetic Fluids, Romanian Academy-Timisoara Division, Timisoara:

Doina BICA, Victor SOFONEA,Iosif POTENCZ, Calin POPA, Artur CRISTEA National Center for Engineering of Systems with Complex Fluids-

  • Univ. Politehnica Timisoara:

Nicolae CRAINIC, Floriana STOIAN, Daniela SUSAN-RESIGA, Oana MARINICA, Adelina HAN, Ramona LASLAU, George GIULA, Florica BALANEAN

  • Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara:

Mariana SINCAI, Gallia BUTNARU, Diana ARGHERIE, Diana GANGA Industrial partner ROSEAL Co., Odorhei: Istvan BORBATH, General Manager

Research results presented in this talk were obtained in the framework of the CEEX projects NanoMagneFluidSeal, FeMANANOF, NANOFUNC and MAGMED supported by the National Authority for Scientific Research

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72

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids Timisoara