FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS AND WATER RESOURCES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

with the patronage

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS AND WATER RESOURCES

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FAR TOO MUCH TO COVER!!!!

• Demand for fish today and tomorrow
• Supply: Capture fisheries vs. aquaculture
• Main challenges in fish production

Space, technology and the environment

• ACTIONS

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

What OCEANS give to us

All kinds of Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural and Supporting services.

• Fish and plants as a source of protein and micronutrients

(FOOD)

• Pharmaceutical compounds (MEDICAL CURES)
• Fixation of atmospheric carbon by algae
• Regulation of the climate and weather trends
• Provide mass transportation routes
• Provide pleasure and wellbeing (RECREATION)

etc, etc, etc, etc. ………………………………………………………………………………………..…..MORE???

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Rio+20 ”The Future We Want” Declaration

Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services while feeding the world THE OBJECTIVE IS:

113 The crucial role of sustainable fisheries

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

The future ahead of us

?

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

WORLD POPULATION =

………… is this our FUTURE?

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

HUNGER INCREASE?? = MORE FOOD NEEDED =

………… is this our FUTURE?

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

1997-98 1948-49

A glance at CAPTURE FISHERIES

Dramatic biomass decline

THE MESSAGE IS:

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Can FISHERIES supply more?

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009

Percentage of stocks assessed

Global trends in the state of world marine stocks since 1974

Non-fully exploited Fully exploited Overexploited

THE MESSAGE IS: Maximum sustainable potential from wild capture fisheries in the oceans has been reached!

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

How much are we producing TODAY!

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FISH supply today and TOMORROW!

• 10

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Millions tonnes

World Fish Production

Capture fisheries Aquaculture

Source: FAO FISHSTAT

Fish Supply (mt)

2010 (baseline) 2030 (projection)

Aquaculture 59 123 Capture fisheries 88 88 Total supply 147 211 % of aquaculture: 40 58

Source: Estimation of FAO/FI Department

ASSUMPTIONS:

• Aquaculture follow recent trend
• Capture fisheries remain stationary

 211 million mt fish in 2030

QUESTION: Is the supply enough to feed future population?

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FISH demand (population growth only)

• 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Billion

World Population

World Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean Northern America

60.4% 14.8% 8.6% 10.7% 5.0% 0.5%

2010

Source: UN (2010 revision)

58.5% 18.8% 8.4% 8.9% 4.8% 0.6%

2030

Fish Demand (mt) 2007 (baseline) 2030 (projection)

Africa 9.0 14.0 Asia 86.4 96.3 Europe 19.4 19.9 L.A. & C. 15.2 16.4 Northern America 9.1 10.7 Oceania 1.1 1.4 World 140.3 158.8

Source: Estimation of FAO/FI Department

Maintaining the baseline consumption in every country, 159 million tonnes of fish needed to feed world population in 2030.

Total supply (211 mt) > Total demand (159 mt)

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Demand (population & income growth)

• 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Billion

Population growth

World Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C.

• N. America

Oceania 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 Africa Asia Europe L.A. & C. N. America Oceania World %

Growth of GDP per capita: 2010-2020

Fish Demand (mt)

2007 (baseline) 2030 (projection)

Africa 9.0 18.7 Asia 86.4 186.3 Europe 19.4 23.4 L.A. & C. 15.2 18.3 Northern America 9.1 12.9 Oceania 1.1 1.8 World 140.3 261.2

Source: Estimation of FAO/FI Department

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Fish supply–demand GAPs

S-D gap (mt) Supply 2030 Demand 2030 S-D gap 2030

Africa 11.7 18.7

• 7.0

Asia 156.5 186.3

• 29.8

Europe 18.6 23.4

• 4.8

L.A. & C. 16.2 18.3

• 2.1

Northern A. 6.2 12.9

• 6.6

Oceania 1.5 1.8

• 0.3

World 210.7 261.2

• 50.6

Source: Estimation of FI Department

• Per capita fish demand estimated

based on assumptions:

– GDP per capita projection by IMF – Prices unchanged – Preference unchanged

• Total fish demand estimated based on:

– Estimated per capita demand – UN population projection in 2030 – Non-food fish demand unchanged

• Results:

– Supply < Demand

• 51 mt shortage

– S-D gaps decline in all regions

• Largest insufficiency in Asia

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

• 50

100 150 200 250 300 350

Food Fish Supply and Demand Gaps

The publication launched in China earlier this year

Focus on projections for the years 2013-2022

The increase will be driven by aquaculture

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

? ? ?

Bridge the supply-demand from ...

Land-based & mariculture FARMING THE OCEANS

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

World inland aquaculture and mariculture production

23% 43%

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

• Land and water
• Cost and energy efficient productivity
• Ecosystem impacts
• Feeds : Fishmeal and Fish Oil
• Technology and knowledge
• Biosecurity and health
• Finance and investment
• Conducive policy

Main CHALLENGES

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

CHALLENGE: Land and water

• Recently released FAO

publication

• Global potential (worked on

selected species)

• Potential based on a number of

physical and biological parameters

• Also based on current cost

factors, i.e. the economics of doing marine farming today

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

What does the present status of mariculture indicate about its future potential

• Offshore areas are largely unused for mariculture
• 44% of maritime nations/territories are not practicing mariculture
• 0.3 million km of coast where mariculture is not yet practiced
• About 1/3 of inshore mariculture production is plants, but there is as

yet little attention to the production of plants (or of fish or shellfish)

• ffshore
• Of (93) countries and territories

already practicing mariculture, 51% produce less than 1 mt/km of coastline

• These observations suggest that

there is potential for the development mariculture

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Where do we go if there’s no SPACE

Commercial shipping Cable runs Animal viewing areas Sharing space IMTA

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Mariculture engineering has progressed

Farming structures Servicing vessels Remote monitoring

CHALLENGE: Technology (sea)

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

CHALLENGE: Technology (Land) Distribution of arid zones 20% of the world surface (increasing)

13% of total population (313 million) live in arid zones with 92 million residing in hyper arid deserts (UNDP/UNSO)

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

ACTIONs: Irrigation ponds (small-scale)

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

ACTIONs: Closed Recirculation Systems

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

ACTIONs: Agri-Aqua Systems

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

ACTIONs: Agri-Aqua Systems - AQUAPONICS

ENGLISH version - http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e/index.html

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

PRODUCTION Farmed

species

& Production

cost

MARKET Consumer

acceptance

& Competitive

$$$$

=

Competitiveness is also KEY MUST BE ATTRACTIVE!!

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Important biological factors:

• A robust species with an elevated resistance to stress (e.g. handling)
• A species that can be easily reproduced in captivity and in large

numbers

• A species that grows fast and converts feed/nutrients efficiently
• A species that is not highly vulnerable to external diseases
• A species that can grow to market size in farming enclosures

Important socio-economical factors:

• A species that has a market demand (local and/or international)
• A species that can be produced economically and competitively
• A species that has a good flesh yield (product differentiation /

processing)

What SPECIES

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

What species … an example Cobia 

• Artificial propagation
• Fast growing / sturdy
• Good meat yield
• Market acceptance
• Attractive for

processing

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

What species … an example

• Market good
• Good meat yield
• Market acceptance
• Attractive for processing
• Fast grower
• Artificial propagation?
• Highly carnivore

LUCIANO 55 dph

BFT

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

What species ……….. OTHER

BIVALVES

Species lower in the food chain

SEAWEEDS

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

CHALLENGE: Feeds

More non-fed fish for future?

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 10 20 30 40 50 60

Millions tonnes Fed - other species Fed - crustaceans Fed - diadromous & marine finfishes Fed - fresh water finfishes Non-fed - sillver & bighead carps Non-fed - bivalves & others Percentage of non-fed species

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

CHALLENGE: Environment

!!

Carrying capacity of a site is

rightly a HOT topic!!! Long-term sustainability

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FACTS

• 1.3 million tonnes
• f food wasted

worldwide

• Can supply food to

the hungry in the world (3 times

• ver)

SAVE water by… reducing wastage

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

Losses along all the value chain

Global Initiative on Food Loss & Waste Reduction

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com Alessandro Lovatelli, Aquaculture Officer, FAO United Nations

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES

www.pianeta-acqua.com

CONTACTS:

Alessandro Lovatelli Aquaculture Officer FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy E-Mail: alessandro.lovatelli@fao.org Phone: +39 06 57056448

Thank you Grazie

FEEDING THE WORLD: THE ROLE OF THE OCEANS & WATER RESOURCES