Features(and(prevalence(of(plagiarism(in biomedical(science - - PDF document

Features(and(prevalence(of(plagiarism(in biomedical(science

Ksenija(Baždarić,(Martina(Mavrinac,(Vanja(Pupovac,(Lidija Bilić:Zulle,(Gordana(Brumini,(Mladen(Petrovečki

Department(of(Medical(Informatics,(Rijeka(University(School(of(Medicine Rijeka,(Croatia MIE(2014,(Istanbul

Health(and(Clinical(Information(Systems((S40) National(implementations(of(HIT(2;((September(2,(2014,(18–19h30(/(Kasimpasa(2)

Plagiarism

• Form&of&dishonesty&(fabrication,&falsification,

plagiarism&and&other&forms) &

• …‘‘appropriation*of*another*person’s*ideas,*processes,*results
• r*words*without*giving*appropriate*credit*to*the*source*or

author’’&(NIH,&ORI) &

• Does&not&enlarge&human&knowledge&at&all
• Brings&undeserved&credits&to&“author”

&

Publications

• Baždarić)K,)Pupovac)V,)Bilić4Zulle)L,)Petrovečki)M.)Plagiranje)kao)povreda)znanstvene)i)akademske)čestitosti.)Medicina

2009;45(2)108417.

• Petrovečki)M.)Uloga)statističkog)recenzenta)u)biomedicinskim)znanstvenim)časopisima.)Biochemia)Medica)2009;19(3):223–30.
• Mavrinac)M,)Pupovac)V,)Petrovečki)M.Utjecaj)elektroničke)dostupnosti)biomedicinskih)bibliografskih)baza)podataka)na)plagiranje.

CUC)2009.)hVp://mod.carnet.hr/index.php?q=search&query=plagiranje&type=tag

• Polašek)O,)Mavrinac)M,)Jović)A,)Džono)Boban)A,)Biočina4Lukenda)D,)Glivetić)T,)Vasilj)I,)Petrovečki)M.)Undergraduate)grade)point

average)is)a)poor)predictor)of)scientific)productivity)later)in)career.)Coll)Antropol)2010;34(Suppl)1):145.

• Mavrinac)M,)Brumini)G,)Bilić4Zulle)L,)Petrovečki)M.)Construction)and)validation)of)AVitudes)Toward)Plagiarism)Questionnaire.

Croat)Med)J)2010;51:1954201

• Pupovac)V,)Bilic4Zulle)L,)Mavrinac)M,)Petrovecki)M.)AVitudes)toward)plagiarism)among)pharmacy)and)medical)biochemistry

students)–)cross4sectional)survey)study.)Biochemia)Medica)2010;20(3):307413.

• Pupovac)V,)Petrovečki)M.)Summarizing)and)presenting)numerical)data.)Biochemia)Medica)2011;21(2):106410.
• Lampret)S,)Pupovac)V,)Petrovečki)M.)Računalni)programi)i)programske)usluge)za)otkrivanje)plagiranja)u)znanosti)i)obrazovanju.

Medix)2012;98/99:1234127.

• Baždarić)K,)Bilić4Zulle)L,)Brumini)G,)Petrovečki)M.)Prevalence)of)Plagiarism)in)Recent)Submissions)to)the)Croatian)Medical

Journal.)Sci)Eng)Ethics.)2012;)18)(2):)22349.)DOI:10.1007/s1194840114934742.)(CC).4

• Baždarić)K.)Plagiarism)detection)4)quality)management)tool)for)all)scientific)journals.)Croat)Med)J.)2012;53(1):143.)(CC)
• Baždarić)K.)Copying)with)plagiarism)int)he)Croatian)Medical)Journal.)ORI)newsleVer.)2012;)20)(3):449.)Dostupno)na:

hVp://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/june_vol20_no3.pdf

• Baždarić,)K.,)Bilić)Zulle,)L.,)&)Petrovečki,)M.(2012).)Origin)of)plagiarized)manuscripts)submiVed)in)the)Croatian)Medical)Journal.)In

Journal)Publishing)in)Developing,)Transition)and)Emerging)Countries:)Proceedings)of)the)5th)Belgrade)International)Open)Access Conference)2012.)Retrieved)from)hVp://boac.ceon.rs/index.php/BOAC/12/paper/view/37/18.)doi:10.5937/BIOAC437

• Petrovečki)M,)Bilić4Zulle)L.)Plagiarism)prevalence)among)medical)students;)facts)from)the)study.)Proceedings)of)the)Mastering)the

Challenges)in)Higher)Education:)Considering)the)way)students)learn,)cheat)and)enhance)performance;)2012)Feb)749.)Bielefeld (Germany):2012.

• Marušić)A,)Petrovečki)M.)Check)all)manuscripts.)In:)Science)publishing:)How)to)stop)plagiarism.)Nature.)2012;481:22.
• Baždarić)K.)Patchwork)plagiarism.)European)Science)Editing.)2013;)39)(2):)32433.
• Supak4Smolcic)V,)Bilić4Zulle)L.)How)do)we)handle)self4plagiarism)in)submiVed)manuscripts?)Biochem)Med)2013;23(2):15043.
• Supak)Smolcic)V,)Bilić4Zulle)L.)Patchwork)plagiarism)4)a)jigsaw)of)stolen)puzzle)pieces.)Biochem)Med)2013;23(1):1648.

Investigations+of+plagiarism

1. Frequency#$#Use#of#plagiarism#detection software#in#the#Croat#Med#J 2. A*itudes#$#Measurement#of#a<itudes toward#plagiarism#with#a#standardized#tool 3. Features0–#Systematic#review#of#previous researches

#

1.#Use#of#plagiarism#detection software#in#the#CMJ

• Aim
• to'determine'prevalence'of'plagairism'and'develop'a

standard'procedure'for'detecting'plagiarism

• M&M
• all'submi8ed'manuscripts'in'CMJ'(N=754)'were

checked'during'2009H2010'with'eTBLAST,'CrossCheck, and'WCopyfind

• Manual9verification:9according'to'CMJ’s'Guidelines'to

authors'and'COPE’s'flowcharts

Procedure

!

CrossCheck

!

• CrossRef!!and

iParadigms

• CrossCheck

database!–!full.text articles!protected by!subscription

Results

• !" #$$%& '() '* +", -(./0))12

3141 56780740912 /7:(-;405)-

Extent&of&plagiarism

Text%similarity%rate%according%to%the section%of%manuscript

Standard'procedure'and'plagiarism report

2.#A%itudes#toward#plagiarism

Aims

• To(construct(and(validate(a(standardized

questionnaire(for(the(measurement(of(the(a7itudes toward(plagiarism

• To(measure(a7itudes(toward(plagiarism(of(research

fellows(in(biomedicine(and(authors(of(manuscripts submi7ed(in(the(Croatian(Medical(Journal((CMJ authors) (

(

( (

#

(

A"first"version"of"the"questionnaire"was"constructed with"67"items"on"sample"of"227"students

Factor"analysis"with"Oblimin"rotation"was"used"to"find"factor"structure and"test"construct"validity;"reliability"was"calculated"with"Cronbach alpha"(SPSS#14.0,#Statistica#10,#MedCalc#12)

*SurveyMonkeyTM"(Palo"Alto,"California,"USA);

• nFline*"version"of"the"ATP"questionnaire"was"send"by"eFmail"3

times"to"all"participants

Response"rate"was"31"%"(N=239)

39%"for"scientific"novices"(N=171) 21%"for"authors"(N=68)

Median"age"32"(24"–"71);"100"men"and"139"women

Methods

Results'('construciton'and'validation

• Validated)A+itudes)Toward)Plagiarism)(ATP)

questionnaire)with)29)items)on)3)factors: )

• Approval)(α=0.83);)12)items
• Disapproval)(α=0.79);)7)items
• Perceprion)of)frequency)(α=0.85);)10)items

' '

) ) )

Results'('measurement'of'a/itudes

A"itude toward plagiarism range median (5.–95. percentil) interpretation approval 12'('60 26'(14(40) moderate disapproval 7'('35 29'(22-35) high perception'of frequency 10'('50 22'(14-32) moderate total 29'('145 60'(37(88) moderate

3.#Features#on#plagiarism

• Aim
• To#collect#and#review#data#on#the#incidence#and

characteristics#of#plagiarism#by#searching bibliographic#databases. #

• Methods
• Meta=analysis

#

Meta%analysis+procedure

• Search(string
• „plagiar*“+OR+„double+publication“+OR+„scientific

misconduct“+OR+„research+integrity“+OR+„academic dishonesty“

• Sources
• Bibliographic+database
• Grey+literature+databases
• Scientific+journals
• References+lists
• Search(up(to(December(2011
• N+=+14,618+relevant+articles+(14,513+after+removal+of

duplicates+and+articles+that+do+not+meet+eligibility+criteria)

Inclusion)and)excusion)criteria

Inclusion)criteria:

• Anonymous)survey)studies)asking)questions)about)scientists)commi9ing

plagiarism)(self)reports)))&)witnessing)plagiarism)(non@self)reports)

• Studies)with)plagiarism)detection)software)that)checked)for)plagiarism)in

Published)papers),)articles)submi9ed)to)a)scientific)journal))and)articles submi9ed)to)a)conference

Exclusion)of)studies)that:

• Did)not)assess)the)prevalence)of)plagiarism,)assess)the)prevalence)of

“academic)misconduct”)or)respondents)are)students

• Did)not)separate)data)on)plagiarism)from)data)on)falsification)and

fabrication

• Did)not)report)results)as)frequencies)(N))or)proportions,)have)no)answers

that)represent)respondents)who)never)commi9ed)or)witnessed)plagiarism (e.g.)“none”,)“never”,)“nobody”)

)

Data$selection$and$collection

• Outcome)measure:

a) %$of$respondents$who$commi5ed$plagiarism b) %$of$respondents$who$wi5nessed$plagiarism c) %$of$plagiarised$scientific$articles$out$of$all$assessed articles

• Characteristics)of)respondents/scientific)articles
• Methodological)characteristics)of)studies
• Basic)study)characteristics

surveys '(so*ware studies

!

How$much$researchers$plagiarise?

1.5%%(N=8,%95%CI:%1.1%/2.2%) 31.1%%(N=12,%95%CI:%19.2%/46.2%)

committed plagiarism witnessed plagiarism