ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI Physics Days Indirectly heated plasma - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI Physics Days Indirectly heated plasma - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI Physics Days Indirectly heated plasma targets for combined Indirectly heated plasma targets for combined PHELIX laser - heavy ion beam experiments PHELIX laser - heavy ion beam experiments Olga Rosmej Olga Rosmej

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SLIDE 1

Indirectly heated plasma targets for combined PHELIX laser - heavy ion beam experiments Indirectly heated plasma targets for combined PHELIX laser - heavy ion beam experiments

November 4-5, 2010, Darmstadt

Olga Rosmej Plasma physics, GSI Olga Rosmej Plasma physics, GSI

ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI

Physics Days

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SLIDE 2

Laser – Heavy Ion Beam Combined Experiments

Heavy ion beam (UNILAC) 1<Z<92, E=3–13 MeV/u, RF: 108/36 MHz PHELIX-laser : 0.3 kJ @ 1-15 ns, 1ω, 0.15 kJ 1ns 2ω (October 2010)

Ion beam l a s e r b e a m l a s e r b e a m TOF Z0, V0 Zav, Vav Target (1μm thick foil) Stop detector

Target chamber

UNILAC

Interaction of heavy ions with ionized matter : increased plasma stopping power

3ns ion bunch

Laser-heavy ion beam combined experiments at GSI

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 3

p

vp

C C C C

cold matter

  • 1. Increased energy transfer from the projectile ion to free plasma electrons
  • 2. Increased projectile charge state due to suppression of the BEC in plasma

Zp

C C C C

plasma

vorb

Projectile ion energy loss in ionized matter

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

Projectile energy loss in partially ionized matter

( )

2 2 2 2 2 2

16 2 v ln v 2 v ln

K

Z H S e S K Z Z e ef S Z f e S e p

a I dE m Z Z n dz m n I m Z π ω

=

⎡ ⎤ ⎛ ⎞ − = − + ⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎥ ⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠⎦

∑

  • bound electrons

free electrons

Bethe-Bohr--Bloch

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SLIDE 4

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

Increased ion energy loss in plasma

H-plasma: Ne~1017 cm-3, Te ~1-2 eV Laser produced plasma: Ne~1021 cm-3, Te ~ 0.1-1 keV Ca-U; 1.4 MeV/u 300 keV/u 84Kr in H-plasma increase up to 30 times

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SLIDE 5

Direct laser heating Heating with hohlraum radiation

Ideal , non-uniform plasma: Te~ 200 eV, ne < 1021cm-3 fully ionized homogeneous plasma: Te~ 30 eV, ne~10 21cm-3 partially ionized

Current schemes of the plasma target production

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 6

ion temperature 2500 μ 5000 μ Initial target surface Red ~ 250 eV Red ~ 250 eV Green ~ 125 Green ~ 125 eV eV Blue ~ 50 eV Blue ~ 50 eV E= 50J, t= 10 ns, d= 100 E= 50J, t= 10 ns, d= 100μ μ I = 5.10 I = 5.10 13

13 Wt/ cm

Wt/ cm2

2

2D –HD, M. Povarnitsin, JIHT, Moscow

Laser pulse real time-scale – 10 ns spatial scale – 100-1000μm

λ= 1.064 μ

Expansion of the laser heated foil target

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

High energy density plasma : 5 MJ/mm3 In experiments on laser generated plasma, the energy is focused on to the target into a small spot of 10-100μm :

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SLIDE 7
  • 4000
  • 3000
  • 2000
  • 1000

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

X [mkm]

R [mkm]

10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.0 110.0 120.0 130.0 140.0 150.0 160.0 170.0 180.0 190.0 200.0 210.0 220.0
  • 4000
  • 3000
  • 2000
  • 1000

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

X [mkm] R [mkm]

0.5000 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.500 6.000 6.500 7.000 7.500 8.000 8.500 9.000 9.500 10.00
  • 4000
  • 3000
  • 2000
  • 1000

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

X [mkm] R [mkm]

10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.0 110.0 120.0 130.0 140.0 150.0 160.0 170.0 180.0 190.0 200.0 210.0 220.0

Te Z mean Ti

  • 4000
  • 3000
  • 2000
  • 1000

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

1e-1 1e-2 X [mkm]

R [mkm]

1,000E-3 0,01000 0,1000 1,000 10,00

1e-3 1e-4

ne

2D –hydrodynamics, M. Povarnitsin , JIHT, Moscow

10 10-

  • 50

50 eV eV 70 70-

  • 130

130 eV eV 180 180-

  • 200

200 eV eV 140 140-

  • 170

170 eV eV 10 1017

17 cm

cm-

  • 3

3

10 1020

20cm

cm-

  • 3

3

10 1018

18 cm

cm-

  • 3

3

8-10 4-6

X(mm) 1 3 2

Target position Target position Target position Target position

Strong gradients of the directly heated plasma

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

laser

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SLIDE 8

Properties under the ion and laser beams: Properties under the ion and laser beams:

1. Higher conversion of laser energy in to the plasma temperature compared to the solid foils 2. Slow expansion dynamics (ρ, T ~ constant during nanoseconds) 3. Fast ( ~sub ns) homogenization after laser heating

  • 4. Energy broadening of the ion

bunch caused by the porous structure has to be acceptable (no merging of the subsequent ion bunches) T Te

e

mvi

2

T Ti

i

Why foams?

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

Small pore size is important!

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SLIDE 9

Au-cylinder d=1.7mm, wall 10 μm 1.7-2mm

PHELIX Laser: PHELIX Laser: λ=1,056 μm, τ =1.4 ns, E= 200-270 J, d~200-300μm, I>1014 W/cm2, contrast 10-6

CHO-foam 2-20 mg/cm3 areal density ρx~ 150-500 mg/cm2 Au-foil 0.1μm

Target: Project goal: creation of large (1mm X 1mm), homogeneous, long leaving ( >3 ns - length of the ion bunch) partially ionized plasma of ne~ 1020-1021cm-3 E0 E1

Heavy ion beam 4-6 MeV/u d~500μm τ=3ns

Heating of low Z foams by means of hohlraum radiation

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SLIDE 10
  • VNIIEF-Sarov, Russia (ISTC 2264);

Numerical optimization of the target design, experimental support

  • Rhein-Ahr-Campus Remagen, University of Applied Sciences, Germany

experimental support (absolute calibrated transmission grating spectrometer)

  • Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

experimental support (X-ray diagnostics)

  • Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Moscow, Russia

carbon plasma opacities calculations

  • Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia

foam target production, calculations of the foam hydrodynamics

  • Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China

experimental support (X-ray diagnostics)

  • Plasma Physics Division GSI

project leading, PHELIX-laser, diagnostics, infrastructure

International collaboration

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 11

Last experimental campaign on February-March 2010

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 12

Conferences and workshops 2010

1. EMMI workshop on Plasma Physics with Intense Heavy Ion and Laser Beams, May 20-21,2010, Moscow, Russia "Experiments on the indirect heating of low Z foam targets"

  • 2. EMMI workshop on “X-rays as a Tool for Probing Extreme States of Matter”,

June 7-9, 2010, GSI-Darmstadt " Properties of combined hohlraum targets for probing with heavy ion beams”

  • 3. Heavy Ion Fusion Conference (HIF 2010), 31.08-3.09.2010 , Darmstadt,Germany

"Properties of combined hohlraum targets for probing with heavy ion beams"

  • 4. 31th European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter (ECLIM),

September 6-10, 2010 , Budapest, Hungary "Experiments on indirect heating of low density aerogels for applications in heavy ion stopping in plasma"

  • 5. 4th International conference “Supers strong fields in plasma”, October 3-9, 2010,

Varenna, Italy

Nanostructures irradiated by fs and ns laser pulses: latest advances on X-ray sources and high energy density plasmas

  • 6. EMMI Physics Days, November 4-5, 2010, GSI-Darmstadt
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SLIDE 13

1. Radiation field of the primary hohlraum (converter) 2. Conversion efficiency of the laser energy into soft X- rays

  • 3. Absorption properties of CHO-foams
  • 4. Temperature and ionization degree of heated by X-

rays CHO-plasma

What we would like to know?

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

converter laser X-rays

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SLIDE 14

laser T G S 1

CCD

transmission grating spectrometer , range:1.8-20 nm Au-grating 1000/mm ~1.5m

to UNILAC

PHELIX Laser

High resolution transmission grating spectrometers Au-grating 10000/mm range: 1- 20nm, abs. calibrated

TGS2

~ 1 m 1:1

1:2 pin-hole camera

pin-hole camera

FSSR1

V R D

target

F S S R 2

VRD 35cm 42cm 1 4 c m 28cm 6cm 28cm

U V

  • f

i l m

X-ray diagnostics set-up

X-ray diagnostics are placed in a vacuum chamber

target

Spatial resolution: pin-holes Spectral : FSSR, TGS Temporal : X-ray vacuum diodes

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SLIDE 15

pin-hole camera with two holes ~ 100μm FSSR (2), mica Target position laser X-ray detector τ ~1ns

Front side diagnostics of the converter radiation

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 16

TAC( C12H16O8) 2mg/cc 800-1000μm

laser front-side back-side

Au10 μm

laser

45 (54)°

converter Au-foil

0.05-0.1 μm

foam

GSI-converter GSI-converter+foam

Sarov-converter laser diagnostic hole d=1mm

3-D regular network with opened cell structure, the most fine pores ( ~ 1μm) remains stable up to 220C, used at PALS, LIL, GSI

cellulose triacetate

Combined targets: converter + foam/foil

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 17

l a s e r Converter, shot 32, E las=228J

Hohlraum targets after shots

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de

HED in the laser focal spot during 1 ns laser pulse

3 3 2 3

( ) 200 2 / ( ) (0.3 ) 10 E J J MJ mm V mm mm mm

−

= = ⋅

3 3 2

( ) 200 20 / ~ 0.2 ( ) (1.7 ) 1.7 E J J J mm Mbar V mm mm mm = = ⋅ target front side target back side plasma generation phase transitions, shock wave generation After the interaction, at later times, deposited energy is redistributed over the whole hohlraum

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SLIDE 18

Hohlraum Hohlraum equivalent equivalent radiation temperature radiation temperature Conversion efficiency of laser energy into X Conversion efficiency of laser energy into X-

  • rays

rays Trad = 30-40eV up to 17% (1ω) 40J in soft X-rays Soft X-ray pulse duration τx-rays = 5-7 ns

Main results: Converter (primary hohlraum)

uniform 1.7 mm soft X–ray source By irradiation of the primary hohlraum with 230-270J laser energy (1.4ns, λ=1.054 μm) we create

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SLIDE 19

Amount of X-ray energy absorbed in foam targets

75-90%

Main results

This corresponds up to 10-30 J energy in soft X-rays

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 20

Hohlraum X-ray image (back) in 0.2-0.28 keV photon energy

Converter d=1.7mm bottom Au~ 150? μg/cm2 Foam:CHO 0.1g/cc; 90 μm ρx=900μg/cm2 Converter d=1.7mm bottom Au~ 160 μg/cm2 Foam: CHO 0.1g/cc; 45 μm ρx=450μg/cm2 Converter d=1.7mm bottom Au~ 150 μg/cm2 Converter d=1.7mm bottom Au~150 μg/cm2 Foam: CHO 0.01g/cc; 300 μm ρx=300μg/cm2

No foam! results N. Suslov, VNIEF, Sarov Elas>200J

Main results: Absorption of soft-X-rays in foam targets

Elas~100J

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SLIDE 21

TAC-foam 0.002g/cc 800μm thick ρx=160 μg/cm2

3-D network, 1 μm pore-size 0.1 μm solid wall

Hydrodynamics of CHO-foam heated by the external X-ray source: Planck, Trad=20-40eV, tx-rays = 5ns We would like to know: Te (x, time)=?, ρ (x, time)=?

Planck radiation

transmitted radiation (to TGS -spectrometers)

  • G. Vergunova, LPI, Moscow

Has foam been heated to a plasma state?

800 X, μm Code RADIAN: two-temperature hydrodynamics with radiative transfer equation using TAC-foam opacities calculated by N. Orlov, JIHT

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SLIDE 22

Temperature: time =3-9ns Te=15-25eV Density : slow 1-D expansion starts at 3-5ns. Only 15% density fluctuations in the interaction region of 500μm

Hydrodynamics of CHO-foam heated by the external X-ray source

1 ns 5 ns 9 ns

heavy ion beam 500μm heavy ion beam 500μm

X-rays

Planck Trad=40eV; tx-rays= 5ns; TAC 2 mg/cc, 800μm

800μm

  • G. Vergunova, Run 170
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SLIDE 23

Diagnostic of plasma absorption properties

Method: Analyses of the hohlraum radiation spectra transmitted through the foam target near Carbon K-edge ( 3.5-4.2nm or 280-350eV) Experimental results show: Deformation of the “cold” Carbon K-edge structure and increased transmission in plasma at photon energy close to the binding energies of Carbon L-shell electons

Has foam been heated to a plasma state?

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
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SLIDE 24

Calibrated Hohlraum Spectra GSI Converter

1.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 1.0E+12 1.0E+13 1.0E+14 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0

Wavelength [nm] Photons/Pulse/sr/pm

Shot 27 Shot 30

Shot 27 (converter) Shot 30 (converter+TAC)

Carbon K-edge at 4.2 nm

artefact (Si-L-shell, CCD, Giter)

1200eV 60eV

1000-times less absorption in plasma than in cold foam

Absorption properties of heated to plasma foams

  • D. Schäfer, Th. Nisius, Th. Wilhein, Remagen

ten fold attenu in CHO-plasm

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SLIDE 25

C+0 – 285eV, C+1 – 297.7 eV, C+2- 313, 39 eV, C+3 -346.17 eV, C+4 – 380.51 eV

(G. Zschornack et al, Dirac-Fock-Slatter calculations, Rosendorf, 1986)

1s2 2s2 2p4 1s2 2s2 2p3 1s2 2s2 2p2 n I(1s)= 285 eV I(1s)= 297.7 eV I(1s)= 313 eV

C +0 C +2 C +1

Isolated ion case

K-edge position depends on the ion charge

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de
slide-26
SLIDE 26

CHO 800μm “cold” CHO 800μm T=5 eV T=10 eV T=20 eV

Dependence on plasma temperature/ionization degree

transmission of the planck spectrum through CHO plasma

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 248 268 288 308 328 348 368 388 photon energy [eV] planck, [J/cm2]

transmission of the planck spectrum through CHO plasma

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 248 268 288 308 328 348 368 388 photon energy, [eV] planck,[J/cm2]

transmission of the planck spectrum through CHO plasma

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 248 268 288 308 328 348 368 388 photon energy, [eV] planck , [ J/cm2]

transmission of the planck spectrum through CHO plasma

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 248 268 288 308 328 348 368 388 photon energy [eV] planck, [J/cm2]

“cold” Te=5 eV Te=20 eV Te=10 eV

Planck 40eV

Absorption K-edge Of Carbon (285 eV)

C+1, C+2 (50%-30%) C+3 (40%) C+4 (80%)

TAC 800 μm

Nikolay Orlov, JIHT, Moscow Calculated for homogeneous temperature distribution over the foam thickness

Absorption properties of CHO-Plasma

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Hohlraum Spectra GSI Converter, scaled to fit edge

0.0E+00 1.0E+11 2.0E+11 3.0E+11 4.0E+11 5.0E+11 6.0E+11 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Wavelength [nm] Photons/Pulse/sr/pm

Shot 17 Shot 32

Hohlraum Spectra GSI Converter, scaled to fit edge

0.0E+00 1.0E+11 2.0E+11 3.0E+11 4.0E+11 5.0E+11 6.0E+11 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Wavelength [nm] Photons/Pulse/sr/pm

Shot 32 Shot 35

Laser: 160J Target: Converter + TAC-foam 800 μm Laser: 240J Target: Converter + TAC-foam 1000 μm

T=5 eV T=5eV T=10 eV T=20 eV T=20 eV T=10 eV

  • D. Schäfer, Th. Nisius, Uni-Remagen

Simulation of experimental time - integrated spectra

demands knowledge on the history of foam heating (HD) and the plasma opacities in dependence on plasma temperature and density.

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SLIDE 28

transmission of the planck spectrum through CHO plasma

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 248 268 288 308 328 348 368 388 photon energie [eV] planck, (J/cm2) I I0

transmission of the planck spectrum through CHO plasma

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 248 268 288 308 328 348 368 388 photon energie [eV] planck, (J/cm2) I I0

Calibrated Hohlraum Spectra GSI Converter

1.0E+09 1.0E+11 2.0E+11 3.0E+11 4.0E+11 5.0E+11 6.0E+11 7.0E+11 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390

Photon Energy [eV] Photons/Pulse/sr/pm

0-1ns 0-5ns 20eV Planck 20eV 10eV 5eV cold d1 d3 d2 d4 to spectro- meter

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

( ) k d k d k d k d

  • I

I e ρ

− ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅

= ⋅

  • I

I

Heated foam experiment

Simulation of experimental time - integrated spectra

  • B. Aurand, O. Rosmej
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SLIDE 29

Summary: Numerical simulations demonstrate the possibility of homogeneous heating of 1 mm thick low density foam layer by means of soft X-rays. Absorption coefficients for TAC chemical composition have been calculated and used for simulations of the radiation transport in CHO-plasma Experimental results:

  • Effective conversion of the laser energy in to soft X-rays with near

Planckian spectral distribution at Trad= 30-40 eV; 40J in soft X-rays

  • 1mm thick TAC foam layer of 2 mg/cc density absorbs up to 90%
  • f hohlraum radiation in the photon range 50-1000 eV
  • deformation of the K-absorption edges in heated by X-rays foams

is used as a temperature diagnostics; estimated Te~ 10-15 eV.

20 21 3

2 4; 10

~ 0.3 0.5 ; 10

i

z n cm

at

−

= − =

Γ − −

Indirect heating of low density CHO- foams

  • Rich experimental data on the opacities of CHO plasma

with a coupling parameter

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Outlook

  • Repeat experiments using a full energy 2ω option PHELIX-laser
  • Combined experiments with heavy ion beams are planed
  • On the 8th and 9th of November Plasma Physics Advisory

Committee will evaluate our experimental proposals for 2011

slide-31
SLIDE 31
  • 1. Rosmej, O.N., Zhidkov, N., Vatulin, V., Sulov, N., Kunin, A., Nisius, T., Zhao Y., Wilhein,

T., Stöhlker, T. (2009). Experiments on heating of low Z targets by means of hohlraum radiation. GSI Scientific Report 2009, 387

  • 2. Rosmej, O.N., Orlov, N., Schäfer, D., Nisius, T., Wilhein, T., Suslov, N., Zhidkov, N., Zhao, Y.

(2009). Diagnostics of temperature and ionization degree of low Z foams in experiments on the ion stopping in plasma. GSI Scientific Report 2009, 391

  • 3. Vergunova, G.A., Gus´kov, S.Yu., Rozanov, V.B., Rosmej, O.N. (2010).

Formation of plane layer of plasma under irradiation by a soft X-ray source. Journal of Russian Laser Research, 31, N5, 505-513

  • 4. N. Orlov, O.N. Rosmej, D. Schäfer, Th. Nisius, Th Wilhein, N. Zhidkov, A. Kunin, N. Suslov, A.

Pinegin, V. Vatulin, Y. Zhao, Theoretical and experimental studies of material radiative properties and their applications to laser and heavy ion inertial fusion. Submitted to LPB

  • 5. O.N. Rosmej, A. Blazevic, V. Bagnoud, U. Eisenbarth, V. Vatulin, N. Zhidkov, N. Suslov,
  • A. Kunin, A. Pinegin, D. Schäfer, Th. Nisiusc, Th. Wilhein, T. Rienecker, J. Wiechula, Y. Zhao,
  • G. Vergunova, N. Borisenko, N. Orlov

Heating of low density CHO-foam layers by means of soft X-rays to be published in NIMA

  • 6. Experimental and theoretical investigations of indirectly heated low density polymer layers.

to be published in PRE

Publications to the topic

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Great thanks to:

  • A. Blazevic, V. Bagnoud, Th. Hessling, U. Eisenbarth, B. Aurand, N. Zhidkov,
  • V. Vatulin, N. Suslov, A. Kunin, A. Pinegin, D. Schäfer, Th. Nisius, Y. Zhao,
  • J. Wiechula, T. Rienecker, N. Orlov, N. Borisenko, G. Vergunova, S. Gus´kov,
  • V. Rosanov, Th. Wilhein,Th. Stoehlker, V. Fortov

EMMI Physics Days

Indirectly heated plasma targets for combined PHELIX laser - heavy ion beam experiments

EMMI Physics Days 4-5 November 2010

  • .rosmej@gsi.de