Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos O. L. G. Peres 1 1 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos O. L. G. Peres 1 1 1 Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin UNICAMP 01 of June of 2018 Advanced Workshop on Physics of Atmospheric Neutrinos - PANE 2018 1 In collaboration with Arman Esmaili and Zahra Tabrizi 1/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Neutrino Oscillations In the latest years there are stronger evidences for neutrino oscillation • Super-Kamiokande Experiment SNO experiment All evidences point to non-zero neutrino masses: Nobel prize in 2015!! 2/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Oscillation discover in other expts 2008: KamLand experiment MINOS experiment: UFG/USP/UNICAMP 1 600 800 ν ν -dominated beam ν ν -dominated beam ν ν -dominated beam ν ν -enhanced beam µ µ µ 80 µ µ 20 µ 30 µ µ 20 10.71 10 POT non-fiducial contained-vertex 3.36 10 POT × µ ν × µ 500 contained-vertex contained-vertex Survival Probability 0.8 ν ν µ 25 µ Events / GeV Events / GeV 600 Events / GeV Events / GeV MINOS data 60 400 Best fit oscillations 20 No oscillations 300 400 15 40 0.6 NC background Cosmic-ray muons 200 10 200 20 100 5 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 9 15 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Neutrino Energy (GeV) Muon Energy (GeV) Neutrino Energy (GeV) Neutrino Energy (GeV) 25 0.2 Atmos. contained-vertex ν Atmos. non-fiducial µ - Atmos. contained-vertex Atmos. non-fiducial µ + 3- ν best-fit oscillation Data - BG - Geo µ ν ν 60 30 30 µ e ν 37.88 kton-years ν ν ν µ µ 20 2- best-fit oscillation µ µ ν 0 Events Events Events 20 Events 15 40 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 10 L /E (km/MeV) 10 20 10 0 ν 5 e 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 log ( L[km] / E [GeV] ) log ( L[km] / E [GeV] ) log ( L[km] / E [GeV] ) log ( L[km] / E [GeV] ) 10 ν 10 µ 10 ν 10 µ Double CHOOZ: UNICAMP/UFABC/CBPF 3/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Sterile neutrino :hiccups or new particle? LSND, Mini-BooNE (2018) and Reactor anomaly 0.020 best fit ν mode: 12 . 84 × 10 20 POT ν mode: 11 . 27 × 10 20 POT ¯ 0.015 LSND Appearance Probability 0.010 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 L/E [meters/MeV] 4/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Large extra dimension model • Proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos and Dvali (ADD) m 1 m 2 ED r = m 1 m 2 • Gauss law: V ∼ M δ +2 R δ M Pl r D Constrains from 1 /r tests R ED > 1 mm 5/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Large extra dimension model 1 1 Compactification: explanation of smallness of gravity: ∝ V ED ∝ R ED One of extra dimensions have R ED much greater then the other dimensions (5D) . 5/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Neutrino in Large Extra Dimension Models d 4 x dy i Ψ i Γ A ∂ A Ψ i + d 4 x [ i ¯ � � S i = ν iL � ∂ ν iL + λ ij h ¯ ν iL ψ jR ( x, y = 0)] Smallness of neutrino mass: m ν ∝ λ ij R ED ∼ 1 eV • Fourier modes: infinite number of states 6/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Neutrino in Large Extra Dimension Models � � d 4 x dy i Ψ i Γ A ∂ A Ψ i + d 4 x [ i ¯ S i = ν iL � ∂ ν iL + λ ij h ¯ ν iL ψ jR ( x, y = 0)] Mass terms ∞ ∞ n � � ν iL ψ ( n ) ψ ( n ) iL ψ ( n ) iR − ψ ( − n ) ψ ( − n ) � � m D i ¯ iR + + h . c ., iL iR R ED n = −∞ n =1 √ √ √ √  m D 2 m D 2 m D 2 m D 2 m D  . . . i i i i i 0 1 /R ED 0 0 . . . 0     0 0 2 /R ED 0 . . . 0 M i = lim .     n →∞ . . . . . ... . . . . .   . . . . .   0 0 0 0 · · · n/R ED Only two free parameters m D i and R ED . 6/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Neutrino in Large Extra Dimension Models Depending on radius we can have oscillation on short and long scale Flavor neutrinos 1 1 R 2 >> ∆ m 2 R 2 ∼ ∆ m 2 31 31 6/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Neutrino in Large Extra Dimension Models The flavor eigenstates are written as i =1 U αi ν (0) i ν ′ ( n ) ν αL = � 3 iL = � 3 � ∞ n =0 S 0 n i =1 U αi , ( α = e, µ, τ ) , iL The eigenvalues are solution of � 2 cot � � λ ( n ) πλ ( n ) � m D − π i R ED = 0 . i i with solution = λ ( n ) m ( n ) n R ED , ( n = 0 , 1 , · · · ) , R ED ≃ i i n 2 • If ∆ m 2 31 = m 2 3 − m 2 1 ∼ : Stronger changes in neutrino oscillation R 2 ED • If the radius R ED is larger also stronger non-unitarity effects U αi → U αi S 0 n i 6/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Matter effects for sterile ν H. Nunokawa, O.L.G.P . and R. Zukanovich Funchal. Phys.Lett. B562 (2003) → − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − Stronger muon disappearance. Also: A. Nicolaidis, et al. hep-ph/9904415 and Osamu Yasuda, hep-ph/0102166 Stronger bound on | U µ 4 | 2 , A. Esmaili, F. Halzen and O.L.G.P . JCAP 1211, 041(2012) 7/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Matter effects in Large extra dimensions Matter potential in mass basis − − − → F o r n e u t r i n o s → − − − − − Mass eigenstates For anti-neutrinos: V µ < 0 then ν µ → ν s transition 8/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Matter effects in Large extra dimensions ∆ m 2 ∼ 1 R 2 ∼ 0 . 16 eV 2 sin 2 θ ∼ ( mR ) 2 ∼ 2 . 5 × 10 − 2 8/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

ICECUBE experiment 9/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Constrains on large extra dimensions χ 2 analysis of muon disaepparance data of ICECUBE − Our result − − − − − − − Variables: m lightest and R ED − − − − − − − − − ← 1 eV − 1 5 eV − 1 10/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Constrains on large extra dimensions χ 2 analysis of muon disaepparance data of ICECUBE y g o l − o Our result ← − m − − s − o − c − y − − b − − − d e − − d − − u − l c − − x e − − − − − − ← − − − − − − − − − − − − − ← ← − − − − − Reactor anomaly, sterile ν : Machado, Nunokawa and Zukanovich 1 eV − 1 5 eV − 1 10/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Test in longbaseline experiments: DUNE Measure µ ( e ) events: Test of P( ν µ → ν µ )( P (¯ ν µ → ¯ ν µ ) and P( ν µ → ν e )( P( ¯ ν µ → ¯ ν e )) 11/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Constrains on large extra dimensions 10 DUNE (Expected) IC − 40 IC − 79 T2K / Daya Bay KATRIN (Expected) 1 Reactor / Gallium Σ i m (0) =0 . 25 eV i m 0 [eV] 10 − 1 10 − 2 10 − 2 10 − 1 1 10 1 /R ED [eV] 12/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Constrains on large extra dimensions IC-40/IC-79: ICECUBE analysis by O. L. G. P ., Esmaili and Tabrizi (USP) − − − − − 10 − − − − − − DUNE (Expected) − − Cosmology excluded − − IC − 40 − − − − − IC − 79 − − − − − − T2K / Daya Bay − − − − − → KATRIN (Expected) 1 Reactor / Gallium Solution for sterile ν anomalies Σ i m (0) =0 . 25 eV i D m 0 [eV] Machado, Nunokawa and Funchal E D U 10 − 1 L C → − X − − − − E KATRIN sensitivity: neutrino mass!! 10 − 2 10 − 2 10 − 1 1 10 1 /R ED [eV] 12/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Constraints on short-baseline experiments: SBN Short Baseline program for FERMILAB 13/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Constraints on short-baseline experiments: SBN Sensitivity region for SBN Work in progress, G. Stenico, D. Vanegas Forero and O.LG.P . 13/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Discrimination power TRUE LED: → 3+1 scenario TRUE 3+1 model : → LED scenario ∆ χ 2 = 7 . 989 ∆ χ 2 = 6 . 94 14/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Conclusions Smallness of neutrino mass: motivated by large extra 1 dimension models? Neutrinos in large extra dimension models: oscillation 2 pattern and non-unitarity Future experiments can provide very good constrains on 3 size of extra dimension Full discrimination between the extra dimension oscillation 4 model and the usual three neutrino theory ICECUBE ( 3 × IC-70) R ED > 2 , 5(3 , 0) × 10 − 5 cm for small 5 m 0 Support : Projeto Temático FAPESP 2014/19164-6. 15/15 Orlando Luis Goulart Peres Extra Dimensions in Atmospheric Neutrinos