Experimental complex for multi-component detection of the EAS in a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IIYashin@mephi.ru National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the RAS, Moscow, Russia Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, INAF, Torino, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita di Torino , Italy

Experimental complex for multi-component detection of the EAS in a wide energy range (1015 – 1019 eV)

I.I.Yashin for NEVOD Collaboration

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017

M.B. Amekchakov, N.S. Barbashina, A.G. Bogdanov, A.A. Borisov, A. Chiavassa, R.M. Fakhrutdinov, D.M. Gromushkin, V.V. Kindin, S.S. Khokhlov, R.P. Kokoulin, K.G. Kompaniets, A.S. Kozhin, G. Mannocchi, A.A. Petrukhin,

• O. Saavedra, G. Trinchero, I.A.Shulzhenko, V.V. Shutenko,

Yu.V. Stenkin, E.A. Zadeba

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Experimental complex NEVOD (MEPhI, Moscow)

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Cherenkov water detector NEVOD: Muon hodoscope URAGAN Coordinate tracking detector DECOR:

General view of the complex

Sensitive area ~ 70 м2 9 х 9 х 26 m3 = 2000 m3;

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System of calibration telescopes (SCT)

Cluster 1 Cluster 2 W a t e r p

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Detector PRISMA-32

Sensitive area ~ 46 м2 80 scintillation counters 32 detectors of thermal neutrons

• Dense spatial lattice of QSM:

91 QSM; 546 PMT spacing: 2 m along X and Z; 2.5 m – Y

• PMTs dynamic range – 105 ph.e.

Cherenkov water calorimeter NEVOD

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Kokoulin et al. Poster # 146

Quasispherical module (QSM)

DECOR – coordinate-tracking detector

Constructed from streamer tube chambers supplied by Istituto di Cosmogeofisica, Torino, Russian-Italian project DECOR

• The vertical arrangement of the

detector (!).

• Eight independent supermodules with

area of 8.4 m2 each.

• High spatial (~ 1 cm) and angular

(~1°) measurement accuracy.

• Possibility to separate tracks up to

200 registered particles (3 cm).

4873:0 3644:1 3754:2 3814:3 0:3923 SM=0 1:3332 2:3387 3:3266 3859:0 4199:1 3877:2 5106:3 0:3054 SM=1 1:3101 2:3351 3:3591 3562:0 3149:1 3376:2 3672:3 0:3570 SM=2 1:3435 2:3511 3:3948 4000:0 4098:1 4109:2 4255:3 0:3619 SM=3 1:3601 2:3894 3:3760 3786:0 3732:1 3712:2 4030:3 0:3750 SM=4 1:3582 2:3655 3:3992 4000:0 3388:1 3477:2 4119:3 0:3641 SM=5 1:3639 2:3849 3:4104 4050:0 4120:1 4164:2 5038:3 0:3609 SM=6 1:3508 2:3684 3:3647 3961:0 3769:1 3844:2 4323:3 0:4245 SM=7 1:3814 2:4037 3:4338 3352:0 Run 242 --- Event 847205 ----05-05-2003 06:11:04.43 Trigger(1-16):01110101 00111100 Weit_Time:30.065 msec

X-projection Y-projection

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The main task of NEVOD-DECOR complex - the study of the muon component in wide ranges of multiplicities and zenith angles (up to the horizon).

Muon bundles in inclined EAS The method of the Local Muon Density Spectra (LMDS)

D = (number of muons) / (detector area); [D] = particles / m2.

• Practically pure muon component
• Collection area rapidly increases with zenith angle (~ 1 km2 at 80)
• The arrival direction of the EAS and the local density of muons at the observation point

are measured.

At large zenith angles:

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New approach:

Local density spectra of EAS muons

Tracking detector DECOR: a new approach provides possibility to study PCR in a very wide energy range (from 1015 to 1019 eV) by means of a single, not large detector “Muon puzzle”: the analysis of obtained LMDS reveals an excess of multi-muon events at large zenith angles in comparison with simulations performed within the framework of commonly used hadron interaction models (even under assumption of heavy primaries – iron nuclei).

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Kokoulin et al. This conference talk

New detectors:

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• Large area tracking detector TREK
• Extensive air shower array NEVOD-EAS
• Detector of atmospheric neutrons URAN

TREK detector

MEPhI – IHEP (Protvino) Collaboration

Tracking detector TREK:

• two vertical planes of 264 drift chambers with

X-Y orientation will be mounted on the outer wall of the CWD building.

• Effective area of the detector ~ 270 m2.

Objectives: Investigation of muon bundles generated by cosmic rays of ultrahigh energies (1015 – 1019 eV) at large zenith angles. Drift chamber:

• Size - 4000×508×112 mm3
• Gas mixture - 94% argon and 6% CO2
• Angular resolution ~ 30 mrad
• Coordinate accuracy ~1 мм

The new detector TREK will surpass currently

• perating coordinate detector DECOR:
• in the effective area by 3.5 times
• in the separation of close tracks in bundles by

10 times.

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MEPhI – IHEP (Protvino) Collaboration

TREK prototype - CTUDC

The layout of coordinate-tracking detector TREK

TREK detector

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Bogdanov et al. Poster # 115

Detection of multi-particle events

Multiplicity : m=32 Projection zenith angle: θ=65° Multiplicity : m=46 Projection zenith angle: θ=64.6°

CTUDC DECOR

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NEVOD-EAS detector

• The problem of LMDS approach – low PCR energy resolution:

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• Contribution to the events with fixed LMDS is provided by EAS with different

energies, registered at different (random) distances from the axis. The idea of improvement - deployment around the NEVOD- DECOR the traditional EAS array. NEVOD-EAS is located on the roofs of the MEPhI laboratory buildings and between of them. NEVOD-EAS - array of clusters of KASCADE-Grande scintillation detectors

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Central part of NEVOD-EAS detector

Central part of the setup - 12 clusters. The distance between the clusters is ~ 50 m. The total area of the setup is ~ 2×104 m2.

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Detection of EAS

Example of the event registered by NEVOD-EAS and NEVOD-DECOR

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A study of the neutron component of extensive air showers (EAS). URAN together with NEVOD facilities allows to conduct investigations of EAS neutron component in the energy range of cosmic rays 1014 - 1016 eV including the “knee” region.

10В + n → 7Li + α + 2,792 МэВ 10В + n → 7Li* + α + 2,31 МэВ

7Li* → 7Li + γ + 482 кэВ Registration of neutrons:

URAN - detector for registration of atmospheric neutrons

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Detector: inorganic scintillation ZnS(Ag) + B2O3 The thickness ~50 mg/cm2; efficiency of neutron detection ~20%

URAN en-detectors NEVOD-EAS station

URAN:

• Cluster structure (12 counters in a cluster)
• Distance between counters: 4 - 5 m
• Effective area of the counter: 0.36 m2
• Scintillator: ZnS(Ag)+B2O3

First stage:

• 72 counters located on the

roofs of NEVOD and neighbouring laboratory building near NEVOD

• Total area: 103 m2

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URAN - detector for registration of atmospheric neutrons

NEVOD-EAS PRISMA-32 NEVOD-DECOR

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Conclusion

Experimental Complex NEVOD Present:  Continuous measurements and analysis of data obtained with currently operating detectors of experimental complex (CWD NEVOD, DECOR, CTS, URAGAN, PRISMA ...)  Problem of common trigger

• Deployment, start and continuous operation of new facilities:

NEVOD-EAS, URAN and TREK

• Careful simulation
• Conducting of a multi-component research of EAS with the complex:
• CW calorimeter NEVOD → cascades, muon bundle and EAS’s core

energy deposit

• NEVOD-EAS → EAS parameters
• URAN&PRISMA → e- and n components
• DECOR&TREK → muon bundles (m, θ)
• SCT → muon bundles + e, h+EAS core, energy deposit

2017 – 2018:

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Thank you for attention!

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