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Experience in restoration from Brazil Pedro Brancalion University - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Experience in restoration from Brazil Pedro Brancalion University - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Experience in restoration from Brazil Pedro Brancalion University of So Paulo, ESALQ Capacity-building workshop for South East Asia on ecosystem conservation and restoration to support achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Targets Structure
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
85% 40% 50% 12% 50%
All Brazilian economic cycles were directly linked to the destruction of its natural heritage
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
- 1862: beggining of the reforestation
- f the Tijuca Forest leaded by Manoel
Archer, by planting 127,000 seedlings in 13 years.
- 1934, 1965, 2012: Brazilian Forest Code – establishes
minimum forest cover in private landholdings (from 20 to 80%) and areas of permanent protection (conservation and restoration)
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
8 6 5 2 2 4 6 8 10 Amazônia Mata Atlântica Cerrado Caatinga Pantanal Pampa Millions ha (Mha)
Total = 21 Mha
Demand for restoration according to the new Forest Code
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From deforestation to reforestation
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2010
- 250,000km2 of new protected areas and
- 100,000km2 of Indigenous Lands demarcated
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21.05 17.77 13.73 11.03 13.786 14.896 14.896 29.059 18.161 13.227 17.383 17.259 18.226 18.165 21.651 25.396 27.772 19.014 14.286 11.651 12.911 7.464 7 6.418 4.571 5.843 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 88* 89 90 91 92 93* 94* 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Área (103 km2/ano)
Legal Amazon Deforestation
Deforestation in 2013: 5.843 km2
- 79 % 2004-13
+ 28 % 2012-13
21.05 17.77 13.73 11.03 13.786 14.896 14.896 29.059 18.161 13.227 17.383 17.259 18.226 18.165 21.651 25.396 27.772 19.014 14.286 11.651 12.911 7.464 7 6.418 4.571 5.843 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 88* 89 90 91 92 93* 94* 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Área (103 km2/ano)
Legal Amazon Deforestation
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From deforestation to reforestation
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Pre Early Late Post
Forest cover (%)
100
Time
From deforestation to reforestation
Forest transition theory Environ. Policies
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Economic support for environmentally friendly africulture New tools for assessing legal compliance From deforestation to reforestation
+
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Calmon et al., 2011
Potential areas for forest restoration (ha) PR 2.455.537 RS 891.716 SC 1.402.183 MS 186.453 ES 1.043.374 MG 5.648.981 RJ 939.800 SP 2.077.885 AL 307.744 BA 2.104.512 PE 395.528 Σ 17.453.712
Melo et al., 2011
The Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact:
A major effort by Brazilian society to restore and transform its most threatened biome
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Competition for land, leakage
Pasturelands Forests Elsewhere
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
Old-growth stands are substituted by young- regenerating forests: losses in biodiversity and ecosystem services
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Reducing competition for land and sparing land for reforestation
Latawiec AE, Strassburg BBN, Brancallion P, Rodrigues R., (submitted to Frontiers in Ecology and Environment
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
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- Current productivity : 118 million Animal Units;
- Potential sustainable carrying capacity: 367 mi Animal Units;
Current productivity only 32-34% of potential
Current Productivity Potential Productivity
Restored Areas
All 2040 production targets + 36 million hectares restored Strassburg, Latawiec et al. (submitted)
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
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Restoration models that provide income
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Creating policies to foster restoration Land use planning (leakage) Improving reforestation models Reducing deforestation Targeting areas for restoration
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
Forest cover increase
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Early lessons for tropical countries
Reforestation is only justifiable when deforestation in low Legal instruments and policies are needed
Restoration has to be included in a land use planning context Restoration has to be included in a land use planning context
Restoration has to become more attractive to farmers
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Thank you
pedrob@usp.br
www.esalq.usp.br/lastrop
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