Exogenous and Endogenous Learning Resources and Their Significance for Talent Development Prof. Dr. Dr. Albert Ziegler Chair of Educational Psychology and Research on Excellence University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Ziegler, A., & Stoeger, H. (2017). Systemic gifted education. A theoretical introduction. Gifted Child Quarterly, 61 , 183 – 193.
What is is not a System? A A set It It consists of of ele lements wit ith no no shared fu function
What is is not a System? A A set It It consists of of ele lements wit ith no no shared fu function
What is is not a System? A A set It It consists of of ele lements wit ith no no shared fu function
A A set is is best understood as as the sum of of it its parts
Sets might develop into systems A A system consists of of ele lements wit ith a a shared function
Problems of of an an analyt ytic research strategy • The analytic approach inherently depromotes the relationships between the components • The analytic approach inherently depromotes functional aspects • The analytic approach works well when there is a low level of interconnectivity and interdependency
What about giftedness? 1. The key elements share a common function 2. They are highly connected 3. The processes are dynamic 4. The processes are mainly nonlinear
There is no either-or: Analytic and holistic research strategies are complementary and should be always combined! Strength of a holistic approach: Strength of an analytic approach: Dynamic, interconnected systems Static, decomposable systems
What is the first step in gifted education?
Step 1: Diagnose the learning resources of the child
Two kinds of learning resources: Endogenous
Two kinds of learning resources: Exogenous
Exogenous resources: Schools for the gifted, teachers specialized in gifted education and enrichment programs
Two kinds of resources: • Endogenous resources = • Exogenous resources = Learning Capital Educational Capital
Learning Capital Educational Capital 1. Economic 1. Organismic 2. Cultural 2. Actional 3. Social 3. Telic 4. Infrastructural 4. Episodic 5. Didactic 5. Attentional
Economic Educational Capital Łukasz Adam Examples of what Adam´s parents could afford in contrast to Łukasz ´s parents: • Summer school • Chemistry box • Language course holidays in Great Britain • Piano • Expensive private school
Economic educational capital is every kind of wealth, possession, money, or valuables that can be invested in the initiation and maintenance of educational and learning processes. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 27)
Cultural Educational Capital Nora Anna Examples of what Anna experienced in contrast to Nora: • Parents have an academic background and envision for Anna an academic career, too • Parents talk frequently with her about school and want their daughter among the best • Anna´s friends like learning • Anna´s teachers are highly motivated
Cultural educational capital includes value system, thinking patterns, models and the like, which can facilitate — or hinder — the attainment of learning and educational goals. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 27)
Social Educational Capital Victor Karl Examples of Victor´s social environment: • Mother stayed at home to raise her boy • Victor´s family are all academics • Victor has a personal mentor, a retired math teacher • Victor is a member of the “ M ath Club” at his school
Social educational capital includes all persons and social institutions that can directly or indirectly contribute to the success of learning and educational processes. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 28)
Infrastructural Educational Capital Lucy Emily Examples of Emily´s environment: • More than 1000 books at home • Own room, quiet place to work • Stimulating toys and learning material at home • Excellent schools nearby • Library around the corner
Infrastructural educational capital relates to materially implemented possibilities for action that permit learning and education to take place. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 28)
Didactic Educational Capital Tiago Rodrigo Examples of Tiago´s didactic environment: • His father teaches physical education • Tiago plays for one of the best Portuguese football clubs • His coach has a training license for football and develops individual training routines • His football club employs a physiotherapist for the youth teams • He receives health education
Didactic educational capital means the assembled know-how involved in the design and improvement of educational and learning processes. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 28)
Educational Capital 1. Economic 2. Cultural 3. Social 4. Infrastructural 5. Didactic “Smart people or smart contexts?” (Barab & Plucker, 2002)
Learning Capital Educational Capital 1. Economic 1. Organismic 2. Cultural 2. Actional 3. Social 3. Telic 4. Infrastructural 4. Episodic 5. Didactic 5. Attentional
Organismic Learning Capital Mia Lena Examples of Lena´s organismic capital compared to Mia´s: • Regular sleeping time in a quiet room, no media use the last 60 minutes prior to sleep • Her mother puts emphasis on healthy nutrition • No health problems worth mentioning • Preferred learning time when she is in her best shape at day
Organismic learning capital consists of the physiological and constitutional resources of a person. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 29)
Actional Learning Capital Ivo Milan Examples of Ivo´s Actional Learning Capital: • He has a much better command of his mother tongue (including an active vocabulary of double size) • He had taken two courses in learning strategies • He possesses already advanced skills in searching for specific information • He is a skilled reader
Actional learning capital means the action repertoire of a person — the totality of actions they are capable of performing. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 30)
Telic Learning Capital Liana Elena Examples of Elena´s goal system: • Wants to have an academic career • Likes the company of peers who are learning oriented • Enjoys in her leisure time reading very much • Doesn´t like to party
Telic learning capital comprises the totality of a person’s anticipated goal states that offer possibilities for satisfying their needs. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 30)
Episodic Learning Capital Mark Jakov Examples of Jakov´s experiences with learning: • His mother read to him books from early on • He watched his family members frequently reading • In kindergarten he learned early math in a playful way • Learning progress was reinforced by his social environment • His elementary school teacher provides a safe learning environment
Episodic learning capital is the positive and negative experiences associated with learning. “It concerns the simultaneous goal - and situation- relevant action patterns that are accessible to a person.” (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 31)
Attentional Learning Capital Julia Ella Examples of Julias´s experiences with learning: • Julia has problems to focus during learning • Her effective learning time is only 32% • She loves to play computer games • She loves to hang out with friends
Attentional learning capital denotes the quantitative and qualitative attentional resources that a person can apply to learning. (Ziegler & Baker, 2013, p. 31)
What about the empirical evidence?
Resilience and the Educational and Learning Capital of Students
China Confidence Failure Coping Stability Modifiability Achievement economic .261** .233** .147* .248** .148* cultural .175* .344** .235** .296** .112 social .372** .556** .477** .477** .112 infrastructural .448** .619** .585** .575** .286** didactic .477** .664** .578** .583** .273** organismic .362** .556** .447** .430** .132 actional .501** .624** .599** .580** .275** telic .454** .619** .586** .544** .214** episodic .469** .605** .593** .537** .196** attentional .403** .597** .562** .545** .319**
Germany Confidence Failure Coping Stability Modifiability Achievement economic .093 .233* .202 .194 -.039 cultural .067 .048 .071 .270* .020 social .402** .310** .107 .408** -.026 infrastructural .434** .364** .191 .359** .257* didactic .214* .355** .106 .211* .338** organismic .428** .255* .067 .213* .292** actional .512** .443** .296** .454** .229* telic .255* .380** .215* .301** -.010 episodic .497** .419** .118 .395** .230* attentional .353** .299** .245* .279** .278**
Recommend
More recommend
