EVALUATING OPTIONS FOR PRC-027-1 COMPLIANCE Luke Hankins Joe - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EVALUATING OPTIONS FOR PRC-027-1 COMPLIANCE Luke Hankins Joe - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 29, 2022 252 likes •782 views

EVALUATING OPTIONS FOR PRC-027-1 COMPLIANCE Luke Hankins Joe Perez, P.E. Founder - Protection Engineer Protection Engineer jperez@synchrogrid.com lukeh@synchrogrid.com SynchroGrid SynchroGrid Nathan Thomas, Ph.D Software Architect

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SLIDE 1

EVALUATING OPTIONS FOR PRC-027-1 COMPLIANCE

Joe Perez, P.E.

Founder - Protection Engineer jperez@synchrogrid.com SynchroGrid

Nathan Thomas, Ph.D

Software Architect nthomas@synchrogrid.com SynchroGrid

Presented at the 72nd Annual Texas A&M Conference for Protective Engineers Luke Hankins

Protection Engineer lukeh@synchrogrid.com SynchroGrid

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SLIDE 2

Presentation Outline

  • Introduction
  • PRC-027-1 Requirements
  • Establishing a Setting Development Process per R1

 Manual Process  Automated Process

  • Break
  • Establishing a Wide Area Coordination Process per R2

 Manual Process  Automated Process

  • Conclusions

2

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SLIDE 3

Introduction

SynchroGrid is a Texas-based company that offers electric utilities professional innovative solutions in a wide range of services related to relaying in the generation, transmission, and distribution areas.

  • Located in College Station, TX
  • Employs 15 at the College Station office including Electrical and

Software Engineers

  • Customers: Oncor Electric, NRG, LCRA, BTU, Cross Texas, Entergy,

Sharyland Utilities, Pattern Energy, and others 3

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SLIDE 4

Introduction

Core Focus

  • Protection & Control for Transmission and Generation:

Relay and Panel Design

Relay Setting Development (Primary Product)

Relay Setting Coordination Studies (Primary Product)

Third Party Review of Relay Settings

Automation of System Protection Processes

  • NERC:

Compliance Verification (Relay settings and PRC compliance go hand in hand):

  • PRC-002, PRC-019, PRC-023, PRC-024, PRC-025, PRC-026, PRC-027, etc.

NERC Mis-Operation Analyses Reporting

Achieving Simplicity in System Protection is a bedrock of our services

4

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SLIDE 5

PRC-027-1

  • Purpose: “To maintain the coordination of protection systems installed to

detect and isolate faults on BES elements, such that those protective systems

  • perate in the intended sequence during faults.”
  • R1: Establish a process for developing new and revised settings.

Process shall include:

 R1.1 Review of short circuit model before settings are developed  R1.2 Review of protection settings  R1.3 Communication with interconnecting utilities prior to setting implementation

  • R2: Perform a protection system coordination study:

 Option 1: Wide Area Coordination Study every six years  Option 2: Establish a fault base comparison baseline and perform a study every time the current exceeds 15%  Option 3: Use a combination of above

  • R3: Apply R1

5

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SLIDE 6

PRC-027-1

  • Dates:
  • R1: October 1, 2020

 R1. Process to develop relay settings  R1.1 Process review short circuit model before settings are developed  R1.2 Process to review new developed protection settings  R1.3 Process to communicate with interconnecting utilities prior to setting implementation

  • R2: Six years after October 1, 2020

 Option 1: Wide Area Coordination Study every six years  Option 2: Establish a fault base comparison baseline and perform a study every time the current exceeds 15%  Option 3: Use a combination of above

6

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SLIDE 7

PRC-027-1

  • Challenges to utilities
  • Perform periodic reviews of entire system relay settings

 Coordination studies

  • Requires in-depth examination of short circuit case information

 Enormous undertaking

  • Field settings might not be in current relay setting database

 ASPEN database, PowerBase, etc.

  • Implementing processes might require more resources and external

expertise

  • Time consuming, laborious, expensive
  • Adds immense task to already depleted staff
  • Learning curve to accept new process

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SLIDE 8

PRC-027-1

  • Considerations for R1.
  • Implement time and cost efficient processes. This could be:

 Automation of relay setting calculations  Automation of relay setting reports  Automation of NERC related reports  Application of relay and calculation setting templates

  • Eliminate processes with a lot of data entry

 Copy and Paste

  • Choose software solutions that can communicate bi-directionally with

short circuit and relay databases

 ASPEN/CAPE-PowerBase-SARA

  • Good processes will keep engineers happy and therefore retain talent

8

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SLIDE 9

PRC-027-1

  • A solid process must be

implemented whether it is manual or automated

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SLIDE 10
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

A good, solid process contains:

  • Accurate model
  • Well defined protection philosophy
  • Solid set of relay native file templates
  • Solid set of calculation sheet

templates

  • Rigorous review process

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Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 11
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

Accurate Model

  • Identify where the accurate data

resides

 Drawings, reports, databases, etc.

  • Update short circuit case through

data sharing:

 Line database repository  Relay database repository - PowerBase  Short circuit case repository – ASPEN/CAPE

  • Fix issues as needed before settings

are developed.

11

Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 12
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

Well Established Protection Philosophy

  • Specific details on how settings are

supposed to be calculated

 50/51, 21, 87T, 87B, 87L, etc.  Communication schemes: POTT, DCB

  • Outline special cases

 Reclosing  Wind interconnections  Nuclear interconnections

  • Must integrate NERC Compliance

 PRC-023, PRC-027  PRC-019, PRC-024, PRC-025, Limiters

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Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 13
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

Solid Set of Native File Templates

  • Relay files with preconfigured settings

 Most settings are preconfigured  Enables: 21-1, 21-2, 21-3, no reclosing or BF  Protection logic

  • Reduces development time by > 50%
  • Reduces human errors
  • Allows uniformity and consistency

across the system

  • Create templates per protection

scheme

 POTT  DCB

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Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 14
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

Solid Set of Calculation Templates

  • Contains all equations as stated by

the protection philosophy

 Zone 1= 80% *Zpl*Base-ohms*(CTR/PTR)  SOFT = 50%*Close-in Fault/CTR  51G = 80%*line-end fault

  • Implements uniformity across the

system

  • Avoid engineers making multiple

calculation sheets per philosophy

  • Reduces human errors

14

Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 15
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

Solid Set of Calculation Templates

  • Template mediums

 Mathcad  Excel  Word  Intelligent templates through automation

  • Challenges

 Time consuming  Right expertise needed  Continuous maintenance

  • Mathcad, Word and Excel templates

can introduce errors through copy/paste process

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Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 16
  • R1. Relay Setting Development Process

Rigorous Review Process

  • Employ a peer-peer review process

 Separate engineer  Limit input from original engineer

  • Uncover errors

 Model  Calculations  Faults  Settings

  • Time consuming
  • Use automation programs as

reviewers

 Faster  Reliable  Accurate

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Relay Development Process

  • Accurate

model

  • Well established

protection philosophy

  • Solid set of

native file templates

  • Rigorous

review process

  • Solid set of

calculation templates

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SLIDE 17

USING AUTOMATION TO DEVELOP AND REVIEW RELAY SETTINGS

PRC-027-1 Requirement 1

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SLIDE 18

Why Automate?

  • Bi-directional communication

 relay data repositories  short circuit programs

  • Provides intelligent setting

calculation templates

 Stores protection philosophy  Applies template to any transmission configuration

  • Automates NERC Compliance

Reports

  • PRC-023-1
  • Uniformly applies protection

philosophy on every project

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SLIDE 19

Why Automate?

  • Provides smooth and efficient

process

 Minimum manual data gathering  No copy and paste steps

  • Reduces development time

 Medium complex applications >60%

  • Eliminates copy/paste errors

 ASPEN-Excel/Mathcad-RDB-Reports

  • Assures integrity and quality
  • f final results

 Data is not polluted

  • Keeps engineers engaged and not

frustrated with broken processes

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SLIDE 20

Relay Setting Development Simplified Process - Automation

20 Collect Data

ASPEN/CAPE Relay Setting File

Data

  • Primary Line Impedance
  • Source, Remote, and Tap Lines
  • Auto & Distribution XFMRs

Fault Simulation

  • Closed-In
  • Line-End
  • Contingencies

SARA

Intelligent Template Template Application

Export Feature

Bi-directional

Data Repositories

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SLIDE 21

Template Comparison

  • Excel Sheet
  • Mathcad File
  • Word Document
  • SARA Intelligent template

21

Substation A 138kV

Relay

Substation B 138kV

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SLIDE 22

Excel Sheet Template

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SLIDE 23

Mathcad File Template

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SLIDE 24

Intelligent Template

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SLIDE 25

LIVE DEMO

PRC-027-1 Requirement 1

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SLIDE 26

PRC-027-1

  • Purpose: “To maintain the coordination of protection systems installed to

detect and isolate faults on BES elements, such that those protective systems

  • perate in the intended sequence during faults.”
  • R2: Perform a protection system coordination study:

 Option 1: Wide Area Coordination Study every six years  Option 2: Establish a fault base comparison baseline and perform a study every time the current exceeds 15%  Option 3: Use a combination of above

  • 21 Distance Elements
  • 50 Instantaneous Overcurrent
  • 51 Time Overcurrent

26

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SLIDE 27
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Purpose:

  • Uncover hidden errors within the protection system
  • Evaluate relays so they operate as intended
  • Evaluate relay response due to changes in the system over time
  • Avoid mis-operations

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SLIDE 28
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Challenges:

  • Entire model needs to be validated

 Ratings  Impedances  Topology

  • Data located in different places or databases

 Folders  Field relays  Databases - PowerBase

  • Requires high amount of resources

Proper expertise and personnel

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SLIDE 29
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Challenges:

  • Engineer must create a system to manage massive amounts of

data

 Relay reaches  Relay mis-operations  Violation methodology- reaches, CTI, etc.

  • Engineer must also organize, classify and resolve issues

manually

 Number of relays overreaching  Number of relays not properly tripping  Number of relays fixed

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SLIDE 30
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Preliminary considerations:

  • Select a data management system

 Acquiring, storing, and maintaining data  Common platform – multiple users  Revision tracking  Drawings, settings files, Excel sheets  File folder structure

  • Determine boundaries of the study

 345kV  138kV

  • System Loading

 Winter/summer cases  Infrequent local generation

  • Determine relays to be studied

 21P, 21G, 50P, 50G, etc.  Pilot schemes not required

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SLIDE 31
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Coordination Process:

  • Verify and sanitize model
  • Select coordination criteria for the study
  • Run coordination analysis
  • Receive and organize all violations
  • Resolve violations

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 32
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Verify Model:

  • Topology must be up to date

 New lines, transformers, reactors, capacitors, generators, etc.  Auto-transformers must be correctly modeled Y-Y-D

  • Element characteristics

 Impedances, mutual coupling, ratings

  • Relay groups

 PTs, CTs must match field settings  Primary and Backup relays  Turn off relays that are no longer installed

  • Minimize work through data sharing:

 Line database repository  Relay database repository - PowerBase  Short circuit case repository – ASPEN/CAPE

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 33
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Establish coordination criteria:

  • Evaluate sensitivity and selectivity
  • Establish acceptable ranges

 Min and max reach 60 ≤ Zone 1 ≤ 85  Min and max reach 105 ≤ Zone 2 ≤ 150  Min CTI = 20 cycles

  • Fault test criteria - L-G, PP, 3PG

 Primary, source, and remote lines  Tap lines  Low side of distribution transformer

  • Contingencies

 N-1, N-2  Lines, autotransformers, nearest generator, etc.

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 34
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Establish coordination criteria:

  • Implement violation criteria
  • High violation

 Relay trips for an out-of-zone fault before primary equipment trips

 21P, 21G, 50P, 50G elements trips for remote bus faults

  • Medium violation

 Relay will trip for an out-of-order fault before primary equipment trips

 Zone 2 trips at the same time as zone 1  51G element trips before Zone 2

  • Low Violation

 Relay trips in the proper order but below the minimum CTI

 Zone 2 overreaches remote Zone 1

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 35
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Run screening analysis:

  • Divide system into subsets
  • 138kV
  • 345kV
  • Use transformers as dividers
  • Run primary and secondary relays

independently

 SEL-421 Primary  SEL-311C Secondary

  • Sensitivity checks
  • No contingency
  • N-1 - Infeed
  • Generation in or out

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 36
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Run screening analysis:

  • First coordinate the distance elements

 Zone 1  Zone 2  Zone 3 reverse

  • Then coordinate overcurrent elements

 50P, 50G  51P, 51G

  • Achieves selectivity and security

between primary and backup elements

 Avoids conflicts

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 37
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Receive and organize violations:

  • Short circuit results

 Large  Text file  Hundreds of lines  unmanageable

  • Create study templates

 Import data into Excel

  • Managing data

 Laborious  Error prone  Time consuming

  • Use automation to streamline and

simplify the process

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 38
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Receive and organize violations:

  • Organize data by levels

 Substation  Terminal  Primary relay – backup relay  Violation level

 Under-reach  Over-reach

 Violation type

 High  Medium  Low

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 39
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Resolve violations:

  • Resolve reach issues first

 Zone 1  Zone 2  Zone 3 Reverse

  • Resolve distance CTIs

 Phase  Ground

  • Resolve time-overcurrent CTIs

 51P  51G

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Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 40
  • R2. Wide Area Coordination Study

Resolve violations:

  • Infeed effects

 Zone 2 could over-reach shortest remote line zone 1  N-1 contingency sweep

  • Breaker failure backup

 Zone 4 should reach all the way to longest remote line for a line end fault

  • Perform forward and backward

coordination

 Backwards coordination = backup relays are properly backing up protected line of interest  Forward coordination = local relay is properly backing remote terminals

40

Relay Coordination Process

  • Verify and

Sanitize Model

  • Select Criteria
  • Run

Screening Analysis

  • Resolve

Violations

  • Receive and

Organize Violations

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SLIDE 41

USING AUTOMATION TO PERFORM WIDE AREA COORDINATION

PRC-027-1 Requirement 2

41

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SLIDE 42

Why Automate?

  • Automatic model sanitation
  • PT, CT,
  • False positives - Zero impedance lines
  • Model verification by bi-directional communication

 relay data repositories  short circuit programs

  • Provides medium to create intelligent coordination

templates

 Programmable reach ranges  Zone 1  Zone 2  Zone 3  Phase overcurrent  Ground overcurrent

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SLIDE 43

Why Automate?

  • Provides management system

 No need for spreadsheets  Data is automatically organized

  • Automatic data categorization by

 Overreach  Underreach  High, medium, and low

  • Bi-directional communication

 New settings are immediately verified  Checks if new settings caused issues

  • Provides log system

 Keeps track of changes being made

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SLIDE 44

Relay Setting Development Simplified Process - Automation

44

Data Repositories

Coll ect Dat a

Short Circuit Program Relay Setting File

Data

  • Primary Line
  • Source, Remote, and

Tap Lines

  • Auto & Distribution

XFMRs Fault Simulation

  • Strongest

Source Removed

  • Continge

ncies

SARA

Template Creation Verify Model

Export Feature Bi-Directional

Template Application Receive Violations Resolve Violations

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SLIDE 45

Select Reach Criteria Zone 1

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SLIDE 46

Multiple Coordination Studies

46

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SLIDE 47

Data Organization

47

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SLIDE 48

Forward Coordination

48

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SLIDE 49

Wide Area Coordination Results

49

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SLIDE 50

Simplified PRC-027-1 Process

  • PRC-027-1 compliance process can be simplified and improved

by advances in software.

  • Our streamlined framework builds upon our previous work to provide

a customizable process for relay settings development, meeting the requirement for R1.

  • We’ve extended the framework to address R2, providing a process

that aids in model verification as well as enabling flexibility in coordination study specification and productivity in violation resolution.

  • Continued emphasis on copy/paste removal.

Mission critical data should not be manually transmitted.

50

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SLIDE 51

LIVE DEMO

PRC-027-1 Requirement 2

51

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SLIDE 52

Thank You

Contact Us jperez@synchrogrid.com 713-471-3429 www.synchrogrid.com