ESCALATING DISASTERS Climate Change, Disaster Management & Good - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Albay Governor Joey Salceda

ALBAY: ZERO CASUALTY IN THE MIDST OF ESCALATING DISASTERS

Climate Change, Disaster Management & Good Governance A Presentation to the

First World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change

(May 28, 2010)

NATURAL DISASTERS (1994-2008): Number of Events

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

10-year average

• f 86

5-year average

• f 211

Name Year Highest Wind Speed Recorded Place Observed

• 1. Reming

2006 320 kph Virac, Catanduanes, Bicol Region

• 2. Sening

1970 275 kph Virac, Catanduanes, Bicol Region

• 3. Rosing

1995 260 kph Virac, Catanduanes, Bicol Region

• 4. Anding

1981 260 kph Daet, Camarines Norte, Bicol Region

• 5. Loleng

1998 250 kph Virac, Catanduanes, Bicol Region

Figure 2. Five (5) Strongest Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines

Source: Virola, Romulo A. and Romaraog, Mark Rex S. August 14, 2008. “Statistically Speaking… Some Things You Better Know About Typhoons in the Philippines.” Retrieved March 3, 2009 from http://www.nscb.gov.ph

Figure 1. Strongest Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines by Highest Wind Speed Recorded, 1947-2006

150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 1951 1952 1959 1959 1964 1970 1980 1981 1984 1984 1985 1986 1987 1987 1988 1990 1991 1995 1998 2006

Year In Kph

Rising Disasters: 80% are impacts

• f climate change

Event 1950-1970 1971-2000

El Nino 2 7 La Nina 3 5

Figure 3. ENSO frequency

Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ $ T $ T $ T $ T d d d d Ñ Ñ Ñ $ T $ T $ T dd Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ$ T $ T $ T $ T $ T dd

Guinsaogun,

• S. Leyte

Albay Eastern Seaboard

Pacific Jinx:

Regions facing Pacific have lower incomes.

• 1. Trade

Patterns

• 2. Climate

Front

Infanta, Quezon

0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% 1.20% 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages to GDP

• 5,000.0

10,000.0 15,000.0 20,000.0 25,000.0 30,000.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages (Pm)

Disaster Damages: Falling?

TOTAL DAMAGES (Pm) GDP (Pm) Damages to GDP

1994 5,245.9 1,692,932 0.31% 1995 19,001.6 1,905,951 1.00% 1996 1,678.4 2,171,922 0.08% 1997 5,586.7 2,426,743 0.23% 1998 28,368.0 2,665,060 1.06% 1999 5,668.0 2,976,905 0.19% 2000 9,406.0 3,354,727 0.28% 2001 9,267.2 3,631,474 0.26% 2002 3,420.2 3,963,873 0.09% 2003 5,192.9 4,316,402 0.12% 2004 14,244.3 4,871,555 0.29% 2005 3,367.3 5,444,039 0.06% 2006 21,651.1 6,032,835 0.36% 2007 4,533.2 6,648,245 0.07% 2008 23,512.6 7,497,535 0.31% Total 160,143.4 0.31%

0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% 1.20% 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages to GDP

• 5,000.0

10,000.0 15,000.0 20,000.0 25,000.0 30,000.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages (Pm)

Disaster Damages: Falling?

TOTAL DAMAGES (Pm) GDP (Pm) Damages to GDP

1994 5,245.9 1,692,932 0.31% 1995 19,001.6 1,905,951 1.00% 1996 1,678.4 2,171,922 0.08% 1997 5,586.7 2,426,743 0.23% 1998 28,368.0 2,665,060 1.06% 1999 5,668.0 2,976,905 0.19% 2000 9,406.0 3,354,727 0.28% 2001 9,267.2 3,631,474 0.26% 2002 3,420.2 3,963,873 0.09% 2003 5,192.9 4,316,402 0.12% 2004 14,244.3 4,871,555 0.29% 2005 3,367.3 5,444,039 0.06% 2006 21,651.1 6,032,835 0.36% 2007 4,533.2 6,648,245 0.07% 2008 23,512.6 7,497,535 0.31% Total 160,143.4 0.31%

• 5,000.0

10,000.0 15,000.0 20,000.0 25,000.0 30,000.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages (Pm)

0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% 1.20% 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages to GDP

• 5,000.0

10,000.0 15,000.0 20,000.0 25,000.0 30,000.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages (Pm)

Disaster Damages: Falling?

TOTAL DAMAGES (Pm) GDP (Pm) Damages to GDP

1994 5,245.9 1,692,932 0.31% 1995 19,001.6 1,905,951 1.00% 1996 1,678.4 2,171,922 0.08% 1997 5,586.7 2,426,743 0.23% 1998 28,368.0 2,665,060 1.06% 1999 5,668.0 2,976,905 0.19% 2000 9,406.0 3,354,727 0.28% 2001 9,267.2 3,631,474 0.26% 2002 3,420.2 3,963,873 0.09% 2003 5,192.9 4,316,402 0.12% 2004 14,244.3 4,871,555 0.29% 2005 3,367.3 5,444,039 0.06% 2006 21,651.1 6,032,835 0.36% 2007 4,533.2 6,648,245 0.07% 2008 23,512.6 7,497,535 0.31% Total 160,143.4 0.31%

• 5,000.0

10,000.0 15,000.0 20,000.0 25,000.0 30,000.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total Damages (Pm)

0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% 1.20%

Total Damages to GDP

Peaks of 1% in 1995 and 1998… ..but, spike in 2009 to 0.61% of GDP

15-year average of 0.31% of GDP

0.61%

GLOBAL CLIMATE RISK INDEX

GLOBAL CLIMATE RISK INDEX

1992 1999 1992 2001 1999 1992 2004 2001 1999 1992 2006 2004 2001 1999 1992 2006 2004 2001 1999 1992

Climate Change aggravates geological hazards

 19 to 21 occurrences of typhoon per year in the Philippines of which 3-5 major direct hits the Province of Albay.  About 198,000 houses threatened by wind destructions and at least 350,000 people have to evacuate.  Mayon Volcano Eruption threats – 3 cities and 5 municipalities  127 villages or 11,000 to 12,000 families threatened by landslides  About 300,000 population out of 1.2M threatened by tsunami  Eight municipalities and two cities threatened by floods. Disaster Risk and Vulnerability – PROFILE & TRENDS

Goal Indicator Bicol Region Albay 1 Poverty Incidence M H Subsistence Incidence H H Underweight (IRS) H H 2 Participation - Elementary L L Cohort survival - elementary M L 3 Gender parity - elementary H H 4 Under-five mortality H H Infant mortality H H Proportion of fully-immunized children M H 5 Maternal mortality rate L H Contraceptive prevalence rate L Condom use rate L 6 Deaths due to TB L H Malaria positive cases H 7 Household with access to sanitary toilets H L Household with access to safe drinking water H H

Legend: L low probability H high probability M medium probability no data

Rising climate impacts undermine MDG achievement

2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006

PHILIPPINES 11,458 12,309 15,057 27.5 24.4 26.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 4,146,663 4,022,695 4,677,305 1.6 1.4 1.3 Region V 11,375 12,379 15,015 45.3 40.6 41.8 4.2 3.6 3.5 407,176 383,625 422,278 4.7 4.3 4.3 Albay 12,144 12,915 16,128 40.3 34.4 37.8 11.5 8.1 8.4 83,398 76,200 88,676 11.2 8.5 10.1 Camarines Norte 11,505 12,727 14,854 52.7 46.1 38.4 10.9 14.4 18.8 50,670 44,874 39,421 11.8 14 22.6 Camarines Sur 11,054 11,873 14,634 40.8 40.1 41.2 9.3 7.0 5.6 120,762 121,936 134,599 11.8 7.7 6.6 Catanduanes* 11,587 11,815 13,654 43.9 31.8 37.3 10.9 10.3 22.1 18,541 13,604 16,999 10.4 29.3 33.3 Masbate 11,019 12,504 14,248 61.3 55.9 51.0 5.8 5.7 6.5 83,660 81,804 80,512 5.9 7.4 8.0 Sorsogon 11,146 12,452 15,687 41.4 33.7 43.5 7.3 10.3 5.4 50,146 45,207 62,071 7.6 14.5 5.6

* Coefficient of Variation (CV) of 2006 poverty incidence is greater than 20%

Region/Province Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold (in Pesos) Poverty Incidence Among Families (%) Magnitude of Poor Families Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Estimates Coefficient of Variation

Climate impacts also constrain poverty reduction

2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006 2000 2000 2003 2003 2006 2006

PHILIPPINES 11,458 12,309 15,057 27.5 24.4 26.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 4,146,663 4,022,695 4,677,305 1.6 1.4 1.3 Region V 11,375 12,379 15,015 45.3 40.6 41.8 4.2 3.6 3.5 407,176 383,625 422,278 4.7 4.3 4.3 Albay 12,144 12,915 16,128 40.3 34.4 37.8 11.5 8.1 8.4 83,398 76,200 88,676 11.2 8.5 10.1 Camarines Norte 11,505 12,727 14,854 52.7 46.1 38.4 10.9 14.4 18.8 50,670 44,874 39,421 11.8 14 22.6 Camarines Sur 11,054 11,873 14,634 40.8 40.1 41.2 9.3 7.0 5.6 120,762 121,936 134,599 11.8 7.7 6.6 Catanduanes* 11,587 11,815 13,654 43.9 31.8 37.3 10.9 10.3 22.1 18,541 13,604 16,999 10.4 29.3 33.3 Masbate 11,019 12,504 14,248 61.3 55.9 51.0 5.8 5.7 6.5 83,660 81,804 80,512 5.9 7.4 8.0 Sorsogon 11,146 12,452 15,687 41.4 33.7 43.5 7.3 10.3 5.4 50,146 45,207 62,071 7.6 14.5 5.6

* Coefficient of Variation (CV) of 2006 poverty incidence is greater than 20%

Region/Province Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold (in Pesos) Poverty Incidence Among Families (%) Magnitude of Poor Families Estimates (%) Coefficient of Variation Estimates Coefficient of Variation

Climate impacts also constrain poverty reduction

Albay poverty incidence at 37.8%, while lowest in region, remains high

Albay Provincial Goal revised to:

“safe and shared development”

1. Shared development operationally defined as: compliance with MDG and improvement in HDI. 2. Safe development is defined by climate proofing and disaster proofing of development. Climate change and disaster risks are key obstacles to MDG and HDI. 1. Disaster risk reduction and climate action are built-in elements of the central economic strategy, not a contingency plan. 2. Disaster risk reduction is guided by Hyogo Framework for Action and climate action is guided by UNFCCC. 3. Goal is Zero casualty during disaster 3. Safe development + good governance = shared economic growth.

Calamities Date Classification Casualty Damage Cost

• 1. Typhoon

Rosing

• Nov. 3,

1995 Destructive ZERO P 1.7 B

• 2. Typhoon

Loleng

• Nov. 2,

1008 Destructive ZERO 7.1 B

• 3. Mayon

Eruption

• Feb. 2000

Explosive ZERO 284 M

• 4. Mayon

Eruption June 2001 Explosive ZERO 300 M

• 5. Mayon

Eruption July 2006 Explosive ZERO 50.5 M

• 6. Typhoon

Milenyo

• Sept. 27

2006 Destructive 14 dead 1.3 B

• 7. Typhoon

Reming

• Nov. 30,

2006 Destructive 604 dead 419 missing 3.7 B

Major Disaster Events in Albay Province 1990-2008

Key Features of Albay DRR-CCA and Financing Strategy

 Risk Reduction

 Institutional DMO: Apsemo since 1994 with 2% of annual budget on top of 5% calamity fund  Institutional climate office: CIRCA since 2007 with 2% of budget on top of 5% calamity fund  Institutional MDG: AMDGO since 2009 with 1% of budget  Risk and Resource Mapping with Manila Observatory, Christian Aid and National warning agencies and corporate foundations  Geostrategic Intervention : Relocation with resources from Natonal Government, UNDP and USAID  Comprehensive Land Use Plan  Engineering Intervention- Flood Control and Alternate Routes  Exposure management / Managed population

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF ALBAY 2009 APPROPRIATIONS Item of Expenditure Amount % Personnel Services 302 38%

• f which

10% increase 27 3% 14th month + P12,000 24 3% Regular Salaries 251 31%

Memo Health PS 139 17%

MOOE 127 16%

• f which

Health MOOE 57 7% Regular MOOE 70 9% Jail MOOE 10 1% Programs 337 42%

• f which

Counterpart to Bgys (P101T x 720 bgys) 73 9% Counterpart to LGU programs (ARCDP, Kalahi) 30 4% Scholarship 37 5% Universal Philhealth 34 4% Tourism Development 16 2% CIRCA/A2C2 15 2% Apsemo / Disaster Risk Reduction 16 2% Calamity Fund 38 5% Integrated Social Services 16 2% Agricultural Production 24 3% Other capex 38 5% Debt Service Debt Servicing 38 5% TOTAL 804 100%

The budget is the best articulation of public policy and instrument for its execution.

Highlights

• 9% of regular budget for

DRR-CCA

• 24% for health
• 2% for social services
• 3% for agriculture

Internal sources:

• IRA
• Royalties geothermal

2009 ALBAY PROVINCIAL BUDGET External sources:

• UNDP/AECD- P16m
• BSWM- P5m

Key Features of Albay DRR-CCA and Financing Strategy

 Disaster Preparedness

 Close coordination with Warning Agencies and DRR NGOs  Continuous Community-based Warning and Evacuation Planning  Reserves build-up with dedicated 5% calamity fund  Institutional HEMS: AHEM or Albay Health Emergency Management  Institutional WASH Unit with equipment and manpower complement  Safe Schools with UNICEF  Safe Hospitals with AECID and WHO  Permanent Safe Evacuation Centers with AECID and JICA  Local Communications with AECID  Acquisition and deployment of rescue equipment with National Government

Key Features of Albay DRR-CCA and Financing Strategy

 Disaster Response

 Infoboard  Village-initiated evacuation  Preemptive Evacuation  Damage and Disaster Assessment

 Relief Operations

 Open City  Demand-side Relief

 Recovery

 Cluster Approach  Insurance schemes

 All schoolbuildings insured with GSIS  Universal health coverage

 Beneficiary-led recovery modalities

Policy Advocacies on Climate Change

 Mitigation

 Development Needs vs Emissions: Reorienting of Energy Mix vs Costs  Energy Efficiencies  Clean coal technologies  Renewable technologies: wind, OTEC, solar, hydro  Biofuels: food vs fuel  Nuclear options  Carbon sink, carbon capture, REDD  Agriculture: more climate-friendly farming practices

 Adaptation

 Risk mapping: Long term climate forecasts, simulation and GIS  Early Detection: Indigenous Knowledge, Warning technologies: Infoboard  Geostrategic Intervention : Relocation / climate-proofing of CLUP  Engineering Intervention: resilient infrastructure  Agricultural adaptation: resilient varieties / adaptive practices / water,  Natural resource: marine sciences  Health implications  Educational adaptation / curricular adjustments: compact intensive learning packages?  Damage and Disaster Assessment

Policy Advocacies

 Technology Transfer

 Compulsory licensing arrangements on climate adaptation technologies

 “Public health” in TRIPS for medicines

 Mainstreaming of climate science

 Albay hosted first conference of climate scientists with development practitioners  Peer review: Statistical system- special unit should be dedicated at the National Statistics Office  Climate observatory  Funding for local studies  More BS, MS, PhDs in climate sciences, Balik-scientists

 Adaptation & Development: Fundamental Asymmetry

 Adaptation must be pursued in the context of development, its goals (poverty) and its constraints (climate change)  Development must reduce demand for Reconstruction (Disaster proofing of development)  Disaster risk reduction must be a basic input to the development Plan  Increasing capacity  Reducing vulnerability/exposure  CLUP or zoning policy is key DRR instrument  ECC/EIA is second line of defence  Engineering intervention should be 3rd recourse.  Reconstruction  lead to Development  Humanitarian resources are the same resources for development  Reconstruction should be pursued in the context of and as feedback to a development strategy  Building back better and Building back elsewhere  Disaster risk preparedness = development preparedness

Strategic Framework

• Albay adaptation initiatives essentially integrate

risk reduction to its entire development goals-

• MDG. Thus, as part of the overall development

strategy, adaptation becomes an investment with huge economic returns in the long run.

• Local governments assume primary mandate in

the adaptation effort as they are in the frontline in confronting the escalating impacts of climate change on their constituents on the ground. Climate adaptation is only starting to assume a higher level as major policy imperative for nation-states.

• However, adaptation attempts, both local and

national, have consisted mainly of response to actual disasters. Funding for risk reduction has remained very low, mostly calamity funds, although articulated commitment to disaster risk reduction has become more vociferous.

Preliminary Conclusions

• However, in the short run, adaptation increases

the cost of development. Moreso, it displaces equally pressing social priorities to reduce poverty.

• Funding is a serious challenge- tough to source

and tougher to sustain. Adaptation financing has come mainly from (1) humanitarian aid from INGOs and CSOs in response to a recent major disaster (2) redirected, not incremental, ODA (JICA, Ausaid, WB, ADB, AECID) and (3) special budget from central government triggered also by a recent major disaster.

• Internal resources are insufficient. Disaster risk

financing inevitably requires mobilization of external resources and the commitment of central state subsidies and international resource transfers since those who are most affected are also the least capable of protection due to the economic consequences of cumulative impacts.

Preliminary Conclusions

 DISASTER PROOFING DEVELOPMENT is central to Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation Disaster Risk Reduction Dev Development Pl Plan anning & & Strategies Environmental Protection

Building-Back- Better Disaster Proofing Geo-Strategic Integration Approach (building elsewhere) Economic Expansion and Productivity Natural and Engineering Interventions Disaster Preparedness Disaster Response Zoning

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: A FRAMEWORK

Socio-Economic Supports Preemptive Evacuation

 Institutional DMO: Apsemo  Institutional Climate Office: CIRCA  Institutional MDG Office: AMDGO  Geostrategic Interventions: GUICADALE Economic Platform and Relocation  Engineering Interventions  Risk Mapping  CLUP  Managed population

Resources for Risk Reduction

Resources for Institutionalized DMO

 Permanent office

 created by ordinance in 1994 with regular plantilla of 25 including emergency research and disaster specialists.  has managed and survived disasters [including 7 governors!]

 Sources of Funds

 Regular allocation from the annual provincial budget (IRA) separate from CF  Access to calamity fund for the operations 5% of IRA  Intermittent but steady flow of technical and logistical assistance from NG agencies, NGOs and INGOs for capacity building and skills training

Resources for Institutionalized Climate Office

 Program office: CIRCA

 created by ordinance in 2007 with regular provincial budget  has managed and survived disasters [including 7 governors!]

 Sources of Funds

 Regular allocation from the annual provincial budget (IRA)  Access to calamity fund for the operations 5% of IRA  Intermittent but steady flow of technical and logistical assistance from NG agencies, NGOs and INGOs for capacity building and skills training

Resources for Risk Reduction

 Risk mapping

 Risk mapping is a common resource to all phases of DRR- risk mitigation, preparedness, damage assessment, response, relief and recovery  Sources of Funds:  PHIVOLCS  Earthquake mapping  Volcanic Hazard Mapping  REDAS training for LGUs  Tsunami  PAGASA  Flood Mapping  Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau  Landslide mapping  Manila Observatory  Mudflow (Lahar) mapping  LGU  Population and Resource Mapping  Comprehensive Land Use Plan

 Comprehensive Land Use Plan

 First line of defense against disaster  Training of 18 municipalities in preparation of CLUPs and integration at provincial level  Integration of climate and disaster risks  Source of Funds: P16m from UNDF MDGCF

 Soil Analysis

 BSWM-led soil testing of 15 LGUs with 3 already done (Polangui, Ligao and Tiwi)  Source of Funds:P5m from Dept of Agriculture MOOE downloaded to Provincial Government

Resources for Risk Reduction

 Geostrategic Intervention: Guicadale

Business Platform

 Both the flagship economic project and main DRR strategy of Albay  Redirection of centers of business and residential activities towards safe area  Components:  Relocation of 10,076 households in highrisk areas  Cost- P2bn for 8 resettlement sites  Source of Funding- NHA, province, INGOs  New international airport (ongoing)  Cost- P3.4bn  Source of Funding- DOTC national government  Road networks  Cost- P878m  Source of Funding- JICA, Multi-year from 20% economic development fund of the province/ DPWH allocations  New government center  Cost- P176m  Source of Funding- province to acquire via long term loan from Philippine Veterans Bank

Resources for Risk Reduction

Guino noba batan an Camalig Daraga Legazpi

DRR w/o DISASTER

ECONOMIC EXPANSION

DRR MEASURES

INVESTMENTS

GUICADALE PLATFORM

Relocation Program being undertaken under Albay Mabuhay Coordinating Task Force 10,076 households in high risks areas already provided with developed lots in safer locations (around the new intl airport) Shelter gap of 5,454 Funded by NHA, DSWD, INGOs/NGOs Provincial Government provided the sites Lots are already sufficient

Resources for Risk Reduction

Taysan (Legazpi City) Banquerohan (Legazpi City)

• Sta. Monica (Legazpi City)

Anislag Phases 1, 2,3 (Daraga) Baldo 1 (Daraga) Baldo 2 (Daraga) Amore (Daraga) Bascaran (Daraga) Penafrancia (Daraga) Pandan (Daraga) Cullat (Daraga) Balinad (Daraga) Banadero (Daraga) Tagaytay (Camalig) Baligang (Camalig)

• St. Francis of Assisi (Camalig)

Mauraro (Guinobatan) Quitago (Guinobatan) Minto (Guinobatan) Tuburan (Ligao) Lanigay (Polangui) San Andres phases 1 & 2 (Sto. Domingo)

Resources for Risk Reduction: Relocation Sites

DARAGA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

TAYSAN RESETTLEMENT PROJECT DARAGA RESETTLEMENT PROJECT BANQUEROHAN RESETTLEMENT PROJECT

• STO. DOMINGO

RESETTLEMENT PROJECT

CAMALIG RESETTLEMENT PROJECT

LIGAO RESETTLEMENT PROJECT MAURARO RESETTLEMENT PROJECT ANISLAG – PHASE 1&2

Guicadale Business Plaftform

DARAGA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Resources for Risk Reduction

 Engineering Interventions  Bicol River Basin and Watershed Project

 Flood control for flood plains  Watershed protection and reforestation  Irrigation rehabilitation  Multi-year P3.4bn

 Source of Funds

 World Bank country assistance with NG counterpart

Partnership with PNOC-EDC 90 hectares Completed Partnership with DENR 138 hectares Completed Expansion of Manito Mangrove 880 hectares On-going New partnership with DENR 100 hectares Starting

Coastal: MANGROVE PLANTATION

Resources for Risk Reduction

Resources for Risk Reduction

 Managed population

 MNCHN (Maternal Newborn Children Healthcare and Nutrition)

 Access to family planning options and commodities

 Source of Funds: DOH

Number of live births at 26,000

Pills as the preferred method

• f family planning

40% of 167,053 childbearing women

Resources for Preparedness

 Geographic Information System  CLUP / Soil Analysis to be integrated  Source of Funds: DENR, NAMRIA  Close coordination with warning agencies  Phivolcs, PAGASA  Source of Funds: Central Government budget

Resources for Preparedness

APSEMO

Communities LGUS Warning Agencies

54

Flood Warning Plan

Warning Level Criteria Interpretation Required Actions

No Rain Normal Normal Community Activities

1

Rain at 1-2.5 mm per hour Alert Stage Monitoring of river condition and rainfall

2

Rain at 2.5- 4mm per hour Preparedness Stage BDCC and Community are preparing for evacuation

3

Rain at 4- 5.5mm per hour Evacuation Stage Evacuation Movement

55

Mudflow Warning Plan

Warning Level Criteria Interpretation Required Actions

No Rain Normal

Normal Community Activities

1

Rain at 10-15 mm per hour Alert Stage

Monitoring of river condition and rainfall

2

Rain at 25-30 mm per hour Preparedness Stage

BDCC and Community are preparing for evacuation

3

Rain at 35-40 mm per hour Evacuation Stage

Evacuation Movement

56

Landslide Warning Plan

Warning Level Criteria Interpretation Required Actions

No Rain Normal

Normal Community Activities

1

Antecedent Rain of 100mm Alert Stage

Monitoring of rainfall

2

Antecedent Rain 150 mm Preparedness Stage

BDCC and Community are preparing for evacuation

3

Antecedent Rain of 180 to 200mm Evacuation Stage

Evacuation Movement

Resources for Preparedness

 REDAS Training & GIS Software

 Components

 Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) software in partnership with PHILVOCS-DOST conducted last Sep. 2008

 Source of Funds:

 Phivolcs for facilities, training materials and trainors  LGU counterpart for travelling and accommodation

 Community-based warning system

 Rainfall monitoring at village level  Continuous training  Source of Funds: Provincial Government budget

 Infoboard

 Assigned 15,750 SIM cards to village officials  Source of Funds: CSR of Smart

Community Disaster Preparedness and Response Activities

(Organizing, Education and Trainings).

Workshops on The Checklist Of DRR Activities Workshop on Warning System Communication Protocol And Evacuation Procedures Hazard Awareness Seminars

10% DISCOUNT LCC Malls (supermarket & department stores) Max’s Restaurant (Pacific Mall) McDonalds Restaurant (Pacific Mall) SMART SIM PACK for the EARLY WARNING MONITORING SYSTEM

Resources for Preparedness

 Continuous Training and Education

 Components

 Household preparedness  Community preparedness (first responder capacity)  LGU preparedness (first integrator)  Skills development for government and volunteers  Warning System Communication Protocol and Evacuation Procedures  Evacuation and Community Kitchen Management  Mountain Survival and compass reading  Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing  Community Risk Mapping and Contingency Planning  Education-On-Air with local broadcast media  Conduct of drills and exercises in schools, hospitals, hotels, malls and communities to pre-test the hazard specific contingency plan on volcanic eruption, earthquake typhoon and fire  Continuous and Periodic Education and Training

 Source of Funds

 Regular annual provincial budget

 Pre-emptive Evacuation  Pre-emptive Healthcare  Safe Evacuation Centers  Albay Health Emergency Management System (AHEMS)

Resources for Response

Resources for Preemptive Evacuation

 Pre-emptive Evacuation

 Pre-emptive evacuation is our key response mechanism to achieve zero casualty goal  Based on gravity and proximity of risk, evacuate on Signal 1/2 instead of Signal 3  Practiced three times (Typhoon Mina, TECF and Typhoon Frank)  Evacuation protocols are well-established  Ready budget also critical Calamity Fund balance maintained sufficient for a frequency of 3 major pre-emptive evacuation

Albay Preemptive Evacuation Decision Rules

P/G 80kph 120 kph More than 120 kph Rainfall (activation of EOC ) Rainfall (activation of EOC) Rainfall (activation of EOC) Within radius Evacuation at TS3 Evacuation at TS3 Direct hit Evacuation at TS2 Evacuation at TS1 15% (based on PAGASA tracking) Evacuation at TS3 Evacuation at TS22

Preemptive Evacuation: Three Cases

 Typhoon Mina, Lando, Nonoy (Nov.22 to 28, 2007)



• No. of Evacuees: 33,694 families

 Cost: P19m  Result: Zero casualty  Sources: Calamity Fund and Reserves of Medicines and Food Supply, Augmentation from DSWD

 TECF (Feb. 21 to March 8, 2008)



• No. of Evacuees: 16,503 families

 Cost: P12m  Result: Zero casualty  Sources: Calamity Fund and Reserves of Medicines and Food Supply

 Typhoon Frank (June 20-21, 2008)



• No. of Evacuees: 23,086 families

 Cost: P9m  Result: Zero casualty  Sources: Calamity Fund and Reserves of Medicines and Food Supply

Resources for Preemptive Evacuation

 Principally funded by CALAMITY FUND and use of prepositioned resources  Access triggered by Declaration of State of Imminent Disaster  Agreement with National Food Authority for standby 15,000 bags of rice  LGUs provide funds for mobilization / transportation from households/villages to evacuation centers  Province provide funds for maintenance of evacuation centers and needs of evacuees during the  Some support from DWSD, mainly regional office, and NG Calamity Fund.  Cost efficiency depends on (1) warning accuracy and (2) risk mapping and evacuation targeting.

Implementing Guidelines for Preemptive Evacuation

 Conditions Precedents

 No sailing  Suspension of classes (all levels)  Suspension of

• ffices/businesses

 OCD notification  Secure Sangguniang Panlalawigan

 Declaration of State of Imminent Disaster

 Secure food supply  Coordination with CHR

 Order of Evacuation Priorities

1. Flood 2. Landslide 3. Wind (light materials ) 4. Seaboard (storm surge )

 Safe Schools

 Validation survey of all school buildings for structural safety (design), safety from hazards (location) and safety for health  Provision of water-sanitation facilities to 700 school buildings  Source of Funds: DOH HEMS-UNICEF

Resources for Response

 Pre-emptive Healthcare  Regular medical missions in high risk areas  For typhoons, ahead of disaster season  Mayon eruption affords sufficient leeway and could be done only when alert status is raised  Source of funds: provincial budget, PCSO, DOH  Safe Evacuation Centers  Construction of Emergency Evacuation Centers.  In times of no disaster, they will operate as municipal activity centers  Cost: P250m  Source of Funding: AECID, Deped, LGUs  Emergency Educational Preparedness Program for Mayon Volcano Disaster Areas  In times of no disaster, they will operate as schools  Cost: P780m  Source of Funding: JICA  Safe Schools  Validation survey of all school buildings for structural safety (design), safety from hazards (location) and safety for health  Provision of water-sanitation facilities to 700 school buildings  Source of Funds: DOH, HEMS-UNICEF, NDCC

Resources for Response

 Health Emergency Management

 AHEM

 Training of 457 emergency paramedics nominated by LGUs, parishes, universities and even commercial centers  Creation of EPTU (Emergency Paramedic Training Unit) at Bicol University  Source of Funds:

 DOH-HEMS: P4.5m  Provincial Government: P4.5m  BRTTH: trainors / opcen  Bicol University: training facilities  Oxfam GB: gender sensitivity  CHR: human rights sensitivity during evacuation/rescue

 Emergency Essential Surgical Skills (EESS) for Provincial Hospitals

 Hospital capacity equipment, training, equipping basic needs for emergency surgery, orthopedic, anaesthesia and obstetrics  Source of Funds:

 DOH HEMS- P5m

Resources for Response

 Health Emergency Management  Upgrading of health facilities

 9 provincial hospitals rehabilitated at P59.5m

 Source: BCARE / Provincial Government / AECID

 2 major for upgrading to secondary hospital- P91m

 Source: DOH 2008 budget

 Provision of 18 ambulances to all LGUs- P21m

 Source: BCARE / Provincial Govt

 Source of Funds:DOH

 Universal health insurance

 Provides all households with access even to private medical services during emergency situations  Source of Funds: 24% of provincial budget is for health

Resources for Response

 Relief Operations

 Demand-side measures

 6 months loan repayment moratorium by SSS and GSIS  P100T home improvement loan to HDMF members in Albay  One month average claims reimbursement advanced by Philhealth to its accredited hospitals for acquisition of medical consumables  P1bn cash reserve physically brought in by BSP  Cash is most flexible relief support and has pump priming effect

Resources for Relief

Resources for Recovery

 Damage Assessment System  Integrated Recovery Plan  Cluster Approach  Insurance schemes  Demand side measures

Resources for Recovery

 Damage and Disaster Assessment System

 Uses Risk Mapping and Warning System as starting points  Well-established protocols

 Integrated Recovery Plan

 Correlated with Development Plan  Resource mobilization is key to success  Provincial Planning takes the lead and Apsemo provides inputs

 Cluster Approach with Albay Mabuhay Task Force

as coordinator/secretariat.

 Camp Management

 Relocation  Emergency shelter assistance

 Water, health, sanitation and Nutrition  Psycho-social care  Food Security  Protection

Resources for Response and Recovery: Damage and Disaster Assessment System

 Damage and Disaster Assessment System (DDAS) is well-established process refined over many cases of

• disasters. It is coordinated by Apsemo that leads a

interdepartmental team who coordinates with their national counterparts.

 PAS/MAOs for agriculture with DA  PSWDO for housing with DSWD  PHO for casualties with  PEO for infrastructure

 Damage assessment process uses Risk Mapping as its starting point, preparedness activities and the pre- disaster warning phase and the emergency phase. Data gathering is spread out and information analysis and dissemination is centralized.

 Priorities prescribed  Scheduling prescribed  Forms prescribed  Protocols in information dissemination established

The Assessment Process

DISASTER

Mechanics for Damage and Disaster Assessment

 Pre-Disaster Phase: Establishing the Before (done during normal season)

1. Enables well-targeted damage assessment (time, manpower and MOOE) ฀ Determine threatened population (area and hazard specific). ฀ Determine critical resources (area and hazard

specific).

 Disaster /Post Disaster Phase: Looking for the After (completed within 5 days after the calamity)

1. Determine potential location

• f problem

2. Determine the magnitude of problem. 3. Determine the immediate priorities

 Protocols

1. While PHO secures on-the- ground data and provides basic information on casualties, DOH is the sole

• fficial source of this data.

2. PEO concentrates on provincial facilities and DPWH

• n national infrastructure.

Apsemo coordinates the aggregation and reconciliation of data on physical damages. 3. PAS relies mainly on LGU submissions and aggregates data for reporting to DA RFU V.

Resources for Recovery  Integrated Recovery Plan

 Planning office takes over while DMO provides inputs  Uses results of damage assessment mechanism  Correlated with development plan

Resources for Recovery

 Cluster Approach is a workable mechanism for public-private partnership in disaster response and recovery.

 Albay Mabuhay Task Force as coordinator/secretariat.

Logistics – OCD/APSEMO Shelter, Housing and Relocation – PSWDO Water Health Sanitation and Nutrition (WASHN) – PHO Evacuation and Transit Camp Management - PSWDO Education and Children – DepEd Resource mobilization Donors’ Forum

Documentation & Reports Inter-Agency Complementation and Supports Community plan and actions Integrated Recovery Plan: Resource Capability And Gaps

Validations

Institutional Strengthening And Project Development

Resource Mechanism for Recovery: Albay Mabuhay Cluster Approach

LGUs NGAs NGOs Donors Int’l Donors Private Sectors

Resources for Recovery

 Insurance Schemes

 Property Insurance  Government properties

 Provincial facilities are mostly insured with GSIS

• Aggregate claims paid by GSIS to Albay on Typhoon Durian

reached P150m (including P50m donation)  School buildings (owned by central government) are insured by province with GSIS

• 6,2000 classrooms at P750 per P300,000 premium or ¼ of 1%
• Provides automatic source of funds for recovery

 Calamity fund should be allowed to be used for insurance premium payment.

 Private property

 Low-end residential invariably uninsured with insurance mostly by high income  Business properties modestly covered

 Crop Insurance

 Limited availment due to high cost at 9% farmer with NG share at 9% and low maximum at P26,000 per hectare. Farmers’ risk could be shared by lending institution.  Need to strengthen PCIC

 Universal health insurance

 Province pays P37m per year  Provides all households with access even to private medical services during emergency situations  Source of Funds: 24% of provincial budget is for health

Crop Insurance Premium (PCIC)

 Disaster Recovery

 Demand-side measures

 5-year rediscounting window at 91-day plus for local banks refinancing loans of Albay resident

Source: BSP

 Housing rebuilding mainly through beneficiary-led procurement  P32.5m livelihood program (SEA-K) from DSWD downloaded to provincial government as start-up capital for

Source: DSWD/BCARE

Resources for Recovery

DRR is an investment in sustainable development

 It is a worldview.  It is a way of life.  It is “institutions”.