SLIDE 1
Mazda Miata
( )
1 consumption per passage =
M M
d N
Curb weight = 2300 lb
Equivalent Axle Loads Mazda Miata Curb weight = 2300 lb 1 ( ) = - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Equivalent Axle Loads Mazda Miata Curb weight = 2300 lb 1 ( ) = - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Equivalent Axle Loads Mazda Miata Curb weight = 2300 lb 1 ( ) = d consumption per passage M N M Ford Excursion Curb weight = 6300 lb 1 ( ) = d consumption per passage F N F Standard Vehicle Curb weight = 4000 lb 1 (
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Ford Excursion
( )
1 consumption per passage =
F F
d N
Curb weight = 6300 lb
SLIDE 4
“Standard” Vehicle
( )
1 consumption per passage =
S S
d N
Curb weight = 4000 lb
SLIDE 5
Equivalent Vehicle Factors
= =
F S F S F
Ford Excursion d N F d N = =
M S M S M
Mazda Miata d N F d N
SLIDE 6
Standard Axle Load
Single Axle, Dual Wheels
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
9 kips 9 kips
SLIDE 7
FHWA Class 4
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
SLIDE 8
FHWA Class 5
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
SLIDE 9
FHWA Class 6
SLIDE 10
FHWA Class 7
SLIDE 11
FHWA Class 8
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
SLIDE 12
FHWA Class 9
Source: images.encarta.msn.com
SLIDE 13
FHWA Class 10
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
SLIDE 14
FHWA Truck Classes
1.39 Seven or More Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 13 1.06 Six-Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 12 0.82 Five or Less Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 11 0.93 Six or More Axle Single Trailer Trucks 10 1.20 Five-Axle Single Trailer Trucks 9 0.30 Four or Less Axle Single Trailer Trucks 8 0.42 Four or More Axle Single Unit Trucks 7 0.42 Three-Axle Single Unit Trucks 6 0.26 Two-Axle, Six-Tire, Single Unit Trucks 5 0.57 Buses 4 negligible Other Two-Axle, Four-Tire Single Unit Vehicles 3 negligible Passenger Cars 2 negligible Motorcycles 1 EALF Type Class
SLIDE 15
TDOT Simplified System
1.780 1.100 9 -11 5-axle or more Combos 0.780 0.700 8 4-axle Combos 1.000 0.700 6, 7 3-axle or more Singles 0.170 0.170 5 2-axle, 6-tire Singles 0.300 0.300 4 Buses 0.005 0.004 3 Pickups, Panel Vans 0.001 0.001 1, 2 Cars & Motorcycles Rigid EALF Flexible EALF FHWA Class Vehicle Type
SLIDE 16
WSDOT Simplified System
Daily ESALs = 0.40(single units) + 1.00(double units) + 1.75(trains) 1.75 11, 12, 13 Trains 1.00 8, 9, 10 Double Units 0.40 4, 5, 6, 7 Single Units Assumed EALF FHWA Classes WSDOT Category
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
SLIDE 17
Weigh Stations
SLIDE 18
Axle Load Histogram
100 200 300 400 500 600 3000-6999 7000-7999 8000- 11999 12000- 15999 16000- 17999 18000- 19999 20000- 21999 22000- 23999 24000- 25999 26000- 29999 Single Axle Load (lbs) Frequency
SLIDE 19
Axle Load Histogram
50 100 150 200 250 6000- 11999 12000- 17999 18000- 23999 24000- 29999 30000- 31999 32000- 33999 34000- 35999 36000- 37999 38000- 39999 40000- 41999 Tandem Axle Load (lbs) Frequency
SLIDE 20
Single Axles
5.39 5.39 1 26000-29999 229.2 TOTAL = 3.53 3.53 1 24000-25999 5.16 2.58 2 22000-23999 9.15 1.83 5 20000-21999 40.9 1.24 33 18000-19999 59.70 .796 75 16000-17999 55.44 .360 154 12000-15999 43.38 .088 493 8000-11999 3.78 .027 140 7000-7999 2.79 .005 557 3000-6999 ESALs EALF Axle Count per 1000 trucks Load Group (lbs)
SLIDE 21
Tandem Axles
2.3 2.29 1 40000-41999 169.0 TOTAL = 1.9 1.89 1 38000-39999 4.6 1.54 3 36000-37999 7.4 1.23 6 34000-35999 24.3 0.97 25 32000-33999 43.9 0.757 58 30000-31999 60.1 0.429 140 24000-29999 16.2 0.150 108 18000-23999 6.0 0.037 162 12000-17999 2.3 0.010 227 6000-11999 ESALs EALF Axle Count per 1000 trucks Load Group (kips)
SLIDE 22
Average Truck Factor
229 169 0.40 1000 + = = = ESALs TF Vehicles
SLIDE 23
Pavement Life (Fatigue)
2 3
1 − −
= ε
a a f t
N a E
SLIDE 24
Equivalent Axle Load Factor
2
1 −
= =
a s i i
a E N EALF N
( )
3 2
1 − −
ε
a s t a
a E
( )
3 3
−
ε ⎛ ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ ε ⎝ ⎠ ε
a i t a s i t t
3 ≤ a3 ≤ 6
SLIDE 25
Pavement Life (Rutting)
5
4 −
= ε
a f c
N a
SLIDE 26
Equivalent Axle Load Factor
4
= =
s i i
a N EALF N
( )
5
4 −
ε
a s c
a ( )
5 5
−
ε ⎛ ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ ε ⎝ ⎠ ε
a i c a s i c c
3.5 ≤ a5 ≤ 4.5
SLIDE 27
Pavement Life (Rigid)
4
225,000 σ ⎛ ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠
t f
N MOR
SLIDE 28
Equivalent Axle Load Factor
σ = =
s t s i i
MOR N EALF N
( )
4 −
σi
t
MOR
( )
4 4 −
σ ⎛ ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ σ ⎝ ⎠
i t s t
SLIDE 29
Generic Axle Load Factor
4 4 4
σ ε ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ≈ ≈ ≈ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ σ ε ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
i i i i S S s