ENGI NE ENGI NE Potsdam, 12 January 2007, ENGINE Mid- Potsdam, 12 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ENGI NE ENGI NE Potsdam, 12 January 2007, ENGINE Mid- Potsdam, 12 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME, PRIORITY 1.6 Sustainable energy systems Project : : ENhanced ENhanced Geotherm al Geotherm al I nnovative I nnovative Netw ork Netw ork for for Europe Europe Project ENGI NE ENGI NE Potsdam, 12 January

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SLIDE 1

SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME, PRIORITY 1.6 «Sustainable energy systems»

Project Project : : ENhanced ENhanced Geotherm al Geotherm al I nnovative I nnovative Netw ork Netw ork for for Europe Europe

ENGI NE ENGI NE

Potsdam, 12 January 2007, ENGINE Mid Potsdam, 12 January 2007, ENGINE Mid-

  • term Conference

term Conference

POW ER EXTRACTI ON FROM POW ER EXTRACTI ON FROM HDR SYSTEMS HDR SYSTEMS

Evald Shpilrain, Oleg Popel, Semen Frid

I nstitute for High Tem peratures of the Russian Academ y of Scienc I nstitute for High Tem peratures of the Russian Academ y of Sciences es

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SLIDE 2

HE T HE Air Water Scheme of HDR Scheme of HDR System System WM

C T

O

150

1 =

C T

O

50

0 =

s kg G / 1 =

( )

s kg kW T T c N

pw th

420

1

= − =

⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ − ⋅ ⋅ = ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ − =

1 1

1 1 T T dT c T T dq dl

pw

( )

∫

= ⋅ − − = ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ − =

1

1 1 1

ln 1

T T pw pw pw

T T T c T T c T T dT c l

⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + − − − 1 ln 1

1 1

T T T T T T Nth

23 , 3

1

= − = T T T x

( )

th th th

N N x x N l 128 , 872 , 1 1 1 ln 1 ≈ − = ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + − =

% 8 , 12

max

= =

th

N l η

P1 = 10 bar

T T0 T1 T S dl dq

Water

Twm Pwm T, P T0 W, kg/s

slide-3
SLIDE 3

The thermal power of the water flow is transmitted to a working media (W M). The optimal thermodynamic cycle should have the heat admission curve (in most cases an isobar) which shape is similar to the water cooling down curve shape: constant heat capacity along the heat admission isobar.

T S

q1

Since generally Cpw m≠ Cpw , the specific W M flow rate in the heat exchanger should be W = Cpw/ Cpw m The specific work l, kJ/ kg of the WM cycle is

l = q1× ηt

Hence the total installation power N [ kW] = l [ kJ/ kg] × W [ kg/ s] In a real cycle Cpw m≠ const, there arises a problem with W M flow rate.

slide-4
SLIDE 4

SUBCRITICAL RANKINE CYCLE SUBCRITICAL RANKINE CYCLE

T T0 T T1 4 3 5 1 2 P P

s

( T ) S

) /( ) ( / ) ( ) / ( ) ( ) / (

1 4 5 4 1 5 4 1 4 1

h h h h q l h h kg kJ l h h kg kJ q

t

− − = = − = − = η

slide-5
SLIDE 5

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

T1 Twm Ts T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-6
SLIDE 6

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-7
SLIDE 7

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-8
SLIDE 8

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-9
SLIDE 9

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-10
SLIDE 10

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-11
SLIDE 11

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-12
SLIDE 12

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-13
SLIDE 13

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-14
SLIDE 14

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-15
SLIDE 15

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-16
SLIDE 16

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-17
SLIDE 17

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-18
SLIDE 18

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-19
SLIDE 19

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-20
SLIDE 20

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-21
SLIDE 21

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-22
SLIDE 22

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-23
SLIDE 23

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-24
SLIDE 24

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-25
SLIDE 25

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-26
SLIDE 26

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-27
SLIDE 27

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-28
SLIDE 28

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W<W W<Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-29
SLIDE 29

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W=W W=Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-30
SLIDE 30

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W>W W>Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-31
SLIDE 31

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W>W W>Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-32
SLIDE 32

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W>W W>Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-33
SLIDE 33

TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT TEMPERATURE PINCH EFFECT IN HEAT EXCHANGER IN HEAT EXCHANGER

Twm, W, kg/s T, var T0, , var T1, 1 kg/s

T

Ts T1 Twm T0 T

W>W W>Wpinch

pinch

x

slide-34
SLIDE 34

EFFICIENCY VERSUS FLOW EFFICIENCY VERSUS FLOW-

  • RATE

RATE

T

T1 T1 T0 T0 Tpinch

η ηt

th t

N W q × =

1

η η

Wpinch

W

slide-35
SLIDE 35

4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 50 100 150

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.264 4.2 4.1 4 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8

T,

OC

S, kJ/kgK C3H8

Pc= 4.264 MPa Tc= 96.8

OC

slide-36
SLIDE 36

3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 50 100 150

0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.647 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7

S, kJ/kgK T,

OC

IC4H10

Pc= 3.647 MPa Tc= 134.9

OC

slide-37
SLIDE 37

CONCLUSIONS: CONCLUSIONS:

  • 1. There exist a thermodynamic limit of installation

efficiency, defined by the outlet temperature of geothermal water;

  • 2. An optimal thermodynamic cycle should have the heat

admission curve similar to the cooling down curve of geothermal water;

  • 3. This condition can be realized with a supercritical

Rankine cycle;

  • 4. To provide for maximum installation efficiency it is not

enough to maximize the cycle thermal efficiency. It is necessary to look for maximum of the ηtW product;

  • 5. The optimal working media flow rate is governed by the

temperature pinch in the heat exchanger.