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Employment and working conditions of migrant workers; the example of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Employment and working conditions of migrant workers; the example of the Netherlands WCS Expert seminar on Working conditions and Health and Safety surveys in Europe Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009 Employment and working conditions of

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Employment and working conditions

  • f migrant workers; the example of the

Netherlands WCS

Expert seminar on ‘Working conditions and Health and Safety surveys in Europe

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Employment and working conditions of migrant workers: an example of the Netherlands Working Condition Survey

Definition(s):

  • Migrant (EWCO CAR; Eurofound) = a person who migrates from
  • ne country to another for any reason and works as employee or

self-employed in the country of destination

  • Migrant (NL, CBS) = a person classified as having a foreign

background if at least one of his/her parents is born abroad (categories: Dutch, western, non-western/native; first generation migrant, second generation migrant-one/two parents)

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

International availability of data on working conditions of migrant workers (EWCO-CAR)

  • This info (Eurostat + OECD) is almost entirely lacking in

international comparative data, particularly in the new member states

  • The latter is problematic, since it appears to be mainly the new

EU-border countries that experience considerable growth, particularly in migration from outside EU (‘Old’-EU/EU-Centre experiences more migration from within EU/western countries; + second generation migrants).

  • When data are available, they are much more often available on

employment/labour market than on ‘quality of work/working conditions’

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Migrants in economic active population

Source: Eurostat, 1st quarter 2006

% van non-nationals in labour force 10 20 30 40 50 EU AT BE CY CZ DE DK EL ES FI FR HU LU MT NL NO PL PT SE UK % van non-nationals in labour force

NL

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Migrants of EU-25 and non-EU in total population

NL

Source: Eurostat, 1st quarter 2006

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Unemployed (first quarter 2006) (%)

10 20 30 40

EU-27 AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU LT LU LV M T NL NO PL PT SE SI SK UK

Non-EU-25 non-nationals from EU-25 nationals

Source: Eurostat, 1st quarter 2006

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Netherlands Working Conditions Survey (NWCS)

  • Survey by TNO
  • ‘Pilot’ in 2003, yearly since 2005
  • In cooperation with CBS/Statistics NL and the

Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

  • Samples are drawn by CBS: 70.000 employees
  • Response: 23.000 employees per year
  • PAPI/CAWI questionnaire (around 200 questions)
  • Since 2007: separate cohort-study (gross

sample: 19.000) with follow-up in 2008 & 2009

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

NWCS-enrichment

  • Informed consent: brochure
  • Sampling framework: jobs-register/social security register
  • Unique number assigned to each person, based on National

Insurance Number/Civil Personal Identification Number

  • Standard enrichment of NWCS micro-data by CBS, using this

number: weight-variables (ethnicity, economic sector, etc)

  • Further enrichment of NWCS for answering specific research

questions, through linkage with Dutch National registers (in Social Statistical Database)

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Nationals versus non-western migrants and western migrants by sector

% Nationals Western background Non-western background Total work force 84 8 8 Manufacturing 13.8 14.5 13.5 Construction 6.4 3.4 3.5 Trade 15.1 14.3 15.0 Transport 6.4 7.0 8.2 Private services 14.3 17.6 19.3 Public Administration 8.0 8.4 8.1 Education 7.1 7.5 4.5 Health care 16.9 14.0 14.5

Source: NEA 2007

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Who are those non-western migrants in NL?

Non-western migrants in NL come from:

  • Suriname

31,7%

  • Turkey

14,6%

  • Marocco

12,7%

  • Antilles, Aruba

10,1%

  • Rest

30,8% Source: NEA, 2007

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Highest educational level

Nationals Western background Non-western background no finished education 1.2 1.7 5.8 primary education 3.6 3.6 7.2 Lower genral secondary education 20.6 16.9 20.5 Middle/high general education 10.5 6.2 6.3 lower tertiary (professional) education 34.7 30.2 32 higher professional education + university 30.7 35,2 22.7

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Employment contract

% Nationals Western background Non-western background permanent contract 84 80 72 fixed term 11,3 14,7 18,3 contract with temp. empl. Agency 1,7 1.6 5.4

Source: NEA 2007

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Working time

Nationals Western background Non-western background Working hours by contract (hours/week) 31.3 32.1 31.3 Overtime (hours per week) 5.4 5.7 5.1 Long working hours (%> 10 uur

  • n average)

33,3 33,8 35,9 Working nights (% frequently) 23,6 26.9 30.4 Working weekends (% frequently) 27.3 28.0 33,2 Shift work (% frequently) 11,7 13,1 21.0 Source: NEA 2007

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Psychosocial factors at work

% Nationals Western background Non-western background Work pressure (high) 33.3 36.6 36.2 Autonomy (high) 2.5 2.5 2.3 Emotional load (high) 15.1 15.6 18.2 external undesirable behaviour (several times/often) 28.1 28.1 27.8 Bullying by supervisor

  • r colleagues (several

times/often) 9.3 14.8 18.2 Discrimination at work because of skin colour (yes, often) 2.9 3.4 8.5

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Physical factors at work + computer work (and private)

% Nationals Western background Non-western background Heavy work (often) 17,3 14,9 18,1 Lifting & unfavourable postures (often) 13,5 12,4 16,4 long time in unfavourable, twisted posture (often) 23 24,7 32 repetitive movements arms, hands, wrist (often) 52.3 57.7 65.2 Hours/day behind computer screen (work) 3.6 4.2 3.9 Hours/day behind computer screen (private) 5.8 6.4 7.2

Source: NEA 2007

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Workplace adaptation & training opportunities last year

% Nationals Western background Non-western background Resources or furniture changed (yes) 8.2 9.6 7.7 adaptation in working time (yes) 5.8 7 6.8 Training or education (yes) 0.6 0.4 1.8 no adaptation/change 79.8 78.1 76.1

Source: NEA 2007

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Issues for discussion

General conclusion:

  • Mainly non-western migrants at risk
  • Western migrants (and 2nd generation) much less… but

Weaknesses of surveys/NEA

  • Illegal/undeclared work is not taken into account
  • NEA is only employed
  • Only employees who read + speak Dutch

Sampling/monitor suggestions (recent workshop):

  • Face to face
  • Through internet panels (younger than 35)
  • Specific panels (Surinam, Hindi… etc)
  • Specific in-depth study (every four years)
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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

More information:

  • Contact:

Irene.Houtman@tno.nl +31 23 554 99 24 Seth.vandenbossche@tno.nl +31 23 554 95 16 Lando.koppes@tno.nl +31 23 554 95 16

  • Website:

www.tno.nl/nea www.tno.nl/monitorarbeid

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Irene Houtman, March 19th, 2009

Similarities and differences regarding (im)migrants in the EU (EWCO-CAR)

Not from all countries info available, but….

  • Migrants are often male; exceptions:
  • Bulgaria: 57% female
  • AU, FI, FR, IT, PO: man-women balance
  • Elderly are overrepresented; most migrants are 30-59 year of age
  • Relatively high educated; e.g. in new member states, but also in EU-15
  • Diploma’s not accepted (overqualification occurs 2 x in migrants)
  • Not in all countries..(very much dependent on native country: Turkey

–low; Joegoslavia –high)

  • Second generation often higher educated
  • Employability in wide variety of sectors, in NL often Industry, Hotels and

restaurants, rest group

  • More often atypical contracts (e.g. because of government policy,

seasonal work, employment agencies)